[Hospitalization burden of hand, foot and mouth disease in Anhua county of Hunan province, 2013-2016].

Objective: To estimate the serotype and age-specific hospitalization burden associated with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Anhua county of Hunan province, between October 2013 and September 2016. Methods: We collected hospitalization records of HFMD patients from 6 virological surveillance hospitals, and reimbursement records through new rural cooperative medical system from 23 township health centers to estimate the age-specific hospitalization burden of HFMD in Anhua. Combined with the results of virological surveillance, the serotype-specific hospitalization burden of HFMD in Anhua, was estimated. Results: During the three years, it was estimated that 3 541 clinical diagnosed HFMD cases, including 3 146 laboratory-confirmed HFMD cases, were hospitalized in Anhua, but only one was diaguosed as being severe. The estimated average hospitalization rate was 723/100 000(95%CI: 699/100 000-747/100 000) for clinical diagnosed HFMD and 642/100 000 (95%CI: 620/100 000-665/100 000) for laboratory-confirmed HFMD between October 2013 and September 2016. The cases caused by Cox A16 (208/100 000) and Cox A6 (202/100 000) had higher hospitalization rates compared with the cases caused by EV71 (130/100 000), Cox A10 (38/100 000) and other enterovirus (64/100 000), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). HFMD-associated hospitalization rates peaked in children aged 1 year (3 845/100 000), and then decreased with age. Compared with the hospitalized HFMD caused by EV71 and Cox A16, Cox A6-associated hospitalizations mainly occurred in younger age groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: Our study revealed a substantial hospitalization burden associated with mild HFMD caused by EV71, Cox A16, Cox A6 and Cox A10, especially in young children, in Anhua.

[Experimental study of Bcl-2 and Fas gene expression in fibroblast of scar].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Fas/Apo-1 and Bcl-2 gene expression on mechanism of scar formation. METHODS: Immunohistochemical method was applied to defect the expression of Fas and Bcl-2 protein in fibroblasts from 10 cases with normal skin, 10 cases with hypertrophic scar and 10 cases with keloid. RESULTS: The positive expression rate of Bcl-2 protein in keloid was 83.2%, significantly higher than that in hypertrophic scar (38.6%), (P < 0.01), and the positive expression rate in hypertrophic scar and keloid was higher than that in normal skin (6.78%), (P < 0.01). But the positive expression rate of Fas/Apo-1 protein was 78.4% in normal skin 80.4% in hypertrophic scar, 84.4% in keloid respectively, which showed no significant difference among them (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Bcl-2 gene but Fas gene may take part in the formation of pathologic scar.

[Effects of quanjia yangshen capsule on rate of polychromatic erythrocytic micronucleus formation and peripheral blood picture in mice treated by cyclophosphamide].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Quanjia Yangshen capsule (QJYS) on cyclophosphamide (Cy) induced teratogenesis and bone marrow in mice and to explore the mechanism of its clinical therapeutic effect. METHODS: Mice were separately administered with QJYS solely, Cy solely and QJYS + Cy and the effect on polychromatic erythrocytic (PE) micronucleus formation rate in the bone marrow of mice, and peripheral blood picture were observed and compared with the control group. RESULTS: High dosage of QJYS has no apparent effect on PE micronucleus formation rate and peripheral blood picture in the normal mice; Cy can obviously raise PE micronucleus formation rate (P < 0.01), and lowered WBC, RBC and Hb obviously (P < 0.01) in mice. After taking QJYS, the Cy induced micronucleus formation rate increasing and blood picture parameters lowering were controlled. The improvement in the high and middle dose QJYS group was significantly higher in comparing to that in the sole Cy group (P < 0.01); while the low dose QJYS group in comparing with Cy group also showed significant improvement (P < 0.01), except Hb value. CONCLUSION: QJYS could significantly antagonize teratogenic effect and inhibition to bone marrow of Cy, i.e., play an antagonistic role against the toxic and side-effects of Cy.

[Clinical application of cryopreserved aortic allografts].

Cryopreserved aortic allografts were implanted for 2 patients with complete transposition of great arteries (CTGA) and 3 patients with tetralogy of Fallot. The aortic valved allografts were used as extracardiac conduit for corrected CTGA with right ventricular outlet enlarged by the aortic allograft with connective mitral anterior leaflet. The parts of the aortic allografts with noncoronary sinus and connective mitral anterior leaflet were used for transannular repair of right ventricular outflow tract of the patients with tetralogy of Fallot. All of the patients except 1 with CTGA died of ventricular arrhythmia at postoperation were uneventful. The patients cardiac function recovered in 3-6 months.

Effect of a 30 kD protein from tectal extract of rat on cultured retinal neuron.

For the first time we have shown here that the constituent from tectal extract (Te) which can support and promote the survival and growth of the retinal ganglion cell is a 30 kD protein. (i) Using MTT colorimetric microassay to measure the optical density for the survival and growth of the cultured retinal neuron, it was found that the optical densities for the experimental cultures with either Te, or its 10-30 kD fraction, or its greater than or equal to 30 kD fraction were 2-4 times that of the control culture without Te (P less than 0.01). This indicated that experimental cultures were more active in growth. (ii) The retinal neurons cultured on Te Phast gels showed that large retinal neurons (greater than 18 microns) grew only on the gel region containing the 30 kD protein. The retrograde prelabelled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) for retinal ganglion cells indicated that these surviving neurons grown on Te Phast gel were HRP positive, i.e. retinal ganglion cells. (iii) The retinal explants cultured with 30 kD gels at a close distance of 1 mm apart revealed that many neurite outgrowths, up to 400 microns, extended from the retinal explants towards 30 kD gels, and that many individual cells and tissue masses migrated out from the explants and grew onto 30 kD gels. They were stained anti-neuron specific enolase and anti-Thy 1.1 positive, indicating they are retinal ganglion cells. Therefore, we concluded that the 30 kD protein is the neuronotrophic factor in the tectal extract specific for retinal ganglion cells.

[Study of restrictase Sal GI biosynthesis and optimum conditions for its isolation]. / Izuchenie biosinteza restriktazy Sal GI i optimal'nye usloviia ee vydeleniia.

The effect of the growing phase of Streptomyces albus G. and the components of the culture medium on the biosynthesis of restriction endonuclease Sal GI was studied. The conditions of DNA sedimentation with streptomycin sulfate and polyethylenimine and separation of proteins with ammonium sulfate were investigated as well. A maximal quantity of the enzyme was observed in the cells in 18-20 h of cultivation in flasks on a shaker. The optimal concentrations of the medium components (g/l) were found by mathematical methods of the experiment planning: glucose--19,0; pepton--5.2; K2HPO4 X 3H2O - 5.0. The optimal concentrations for DNA sedimentation with streptomycin sulfate and polyethylenimine were found to be 1.8-2.0% and 0.2-0.3%, respectively. The optimal concentration of ammonium sulfate for protein separation is 70% of saturation.