Inverted Y ureteral duplication with an ectopic ureter and multiple urinary calculi: A case report.

BACKGROUND: In the clinical treatment of diseases related to ureteral duplication, it is very important to make a clear diagnosis before surgery because different types of ureteral duplication correspond to different treatment options. Inverted Y ureteral duplication with ectopic ureters and multiple urinary calculi is clinically rare. This case can help clinicians increase their understanding of this disease and gain some experience in its diagnosis and treatment. CASE SUMMARY: A 36-year-old male who was previously healthy presented to the hospital with lumbar pain. Percussion of the right kidney area showed the patient had pain. Computed tomography scans revealed multiple urinary calculi in the right urinary system. Computed tomography urography revealed a duplicated ureteral malformation with an ectopic ureter. A transurethral ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy was performed successfully. Intraoperative retrograde ureterography was performed, and the ectopic ureter was visible. We informed the family of the intraoperative findings and suggested laparoscopic ectopic ureterectomy for the ectopic ureteral stones. Unfortunately, the family temporarily refused laparoscopic surgery. The patient did not feel any discomfort after one year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Inverted Y ureteral duplication with an ectopic ureter and multiple urinary calculi is rare. Clinicians must be highly vigilant, make a correct diagnosis before surgery, determine the type of ureteral duplication and the distribution of urinary calculi, and then draw up a reasonable treatment plan to avoid unnecessary complications.

[Relationship of pathogenic microorganisms and chronic inflammation with prostate cancer].

Prostate cancer is a common malignant tumor in elderly men, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of the patients. The pathogenesis of prostate cancer is still unclear though thought of to be possibly associated with age, race, diet, infection and inflammation. In recent years, more and more studies have found a close correlation of prostate cancer to pathogenic microorganisms and chronic inflammation, and that pathogenic microorganisms cause increase genome damage and instability of the cells, and induce mutations with the involvement of cytokines and oxidative stress molecular mechanisms. This review summarizes the advances in the studies of the correlation of pathogenic microorganisms and chronic inflammation with prostate cancer.

Secondary B-cell lymphoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology and flow cytometry following penile carcinoma: A case report.

The number of studies reporting lymphoma as a secondary tumor has gradually increased. However, few studies have reported that occurrence of lymphoma as a secondary tumor following treatment for penile carcinoma, particularly cases in which the lymphoma was diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology and flow cytometry. The present study reports the case of a 62-year-old male patient who was troubled with frequent urination and repeated chest tightness for 5 years. The diagnosis upon admission was penile carcinoma. Two months subsequent to the tumor removal surgery, enlarged lymph nodes were extracted from the patient using fine-needle biopsy, to be analyzed using light microscopy and flow cytometry. Smear results indicated a large number of abnormal cells scattered in the right axillary lymph node. Flow cytometry immunophenotyping of fine-needle aspiration samples indicated the increased expression of cluster of differentiation (CD)79a, CD19, CD20, CD38, κ chain and human leukocyte antigen-DR, which supported a diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with B-cell lymphoma based on the results of the fine-needle aspiration biopsy and flow cytometry. The method of diagnosis and causes of therapy-related leukemia are discussed in the present report.

[Protection of penile vascular endothelial function: a new strategy for the management of erectile dysfunction].

Erectile function is a typical neurovascular process. Penile vascular endothelial dysfunction is indicated to be one of the important mechanisms of ED. Protective agents to improve penile vascular endothelial function show significant benefits to erectile function by decreasing the damage of oxidative stress and optimizing the related mediators. The protection of penile vascular endothelial function is a new approach to the treatment of ED.

[Transperineal laparoscopic nephrectomy in live-donors].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy in live-donors. METHODS: Two cases of live-donor underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy in May and August 2008 respectively and both were followed up. RESULT: In two cases the operation time was 130, 10 min; blood loss was 50 ml; warm ischemic time was 30 s and 2 min; the length of artery was 4.0 cm and 3.5 cm; the length of vein was 3.0 cm. The grafted kidneys started to produce urine at 30 s and 10 s after blood supply. Renal function of donor returned to normal after two days. The donors were discharged at 7th day after the operation. Renal function of recipient was normal after 3 days. CONCLUSION: Transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy in live-donor is a safe and effective procedure, which provides kidney with satisfactory blood vessels and ureter for graft.