[Clinicopathological features and prognosis of sporadic mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer].

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of sporadic mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer. Methods: A total of 120 cases of sporadic dMMR colorectal cancer from July 2015 to April 2021 were retrospectively collected in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. Patients with Lynch syndrome; synchronous multiple colorectal cancers; preoperative anti-tumor treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy; and those with incomplete follow-up information were excluded based on family history and next-generation sequencing (NGS) test results. Immunohistochemical stains were used to detect the expression of mismatch repair proteins, methylation-specific PCR for methylation testing, and fluorescent PCR for BRAF V600E gene mutation detection. The clinical and pathological data, and gene mutation status were analyzed. Follow-up was done to assess survival and prognosis including progression-free survival and overall survival rate. Results: Sporadic dMMR colorectal cancer occurred more frequently in the right side of the colon, in females, and in the elderly. Morphologically, it was mostly moderately-differentiated, and most patients had low-grade tumor budding. In terms of immunohistochemical expression, MLH1 and PMS2 loss were dominant, and there were age and location-specificities in protein expression. MLH1 methylation was commonly detected in elderly female patients and rare in young male patients; while MLH1 and PMS2 deficiency, and BRAF V600E mutation occurred more often on the right side (P<0.05). The 3-year and 5-year progression-free survival rates were 90.7% and 88.7% respectively, and the 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 92.8% and 90.7% respectively. Tumor budding status was an independent risk factor affecting patient recurrence (hazard ratio=3.375, 95% confidence interval: 1.060-10.741, P=0.039), patients with low-grade tumor budding had better prognosis, and those with medium or high-grade tumor budding had poor prognosis. Conclusion: For dMMR colorectal cancer patients, tumor budding status is an independent risk factor for recurrence.

[Analysis of surgical approaches and mandibular treatment strategies for different types of tumors involving parapharyngeal space].

In view of the surgical complexity of parapharyngeal space tumors involved, this paper summarized the disease data of patients with parapharyngeal space tumors involved in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2015 to January 2021. It also summarized the surgical approach and mandibular management, so as to explore surgical strategies for different characteristics of parapharyngeal space tumors involved. A total of 49 patients, including 28 males and 21 females, median age 52 years (range 24-72 years). They were treated with four surgical approaches for tumor resection, 25 cervical approach, 5 cheek and neck approach, 3 transoral approach, and 16 cervical-maxillary approach. Among the patients treated with cervical-maxillary approach, 3 patients were treated with mandible square resection, and 6 patients were treated with temporary mandible dissection. Seven cases were treated with tumor resection and partial mandibular resection. There are various surgical approaches and mandibular management methods involving tumors in the parapharyngeal space, and clinical decisions should be made based on tumor diameter, location, boundary, blood supply and pathological types.

[Diagnosis and treatment strategy of periodontitis with diabetes].

The number of diabetic patients visiting stomatology for periodontal disease is increasing, and the symptoms are relatively severe, and often complications increase the complexity of periodontal treatment. This article briefly describes the research progress and clinical manifestations of the epidemiology and related pathological mechanisms of periodontitis with diabetes, focusing on the treatment and providing reference for stomatologists in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients with diabetic periodontitis.

[Clinical application of a self-developed suction-irrigation device in endoscopic ear surgery for attic cholesteatoma].

Objective: To introduce a new self-developed irrigation device(SID) that does not employ a sheath or an irrigation-suction system and evaluate to its efficiency in transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES) for attic cholesteatoma. Methods: 38 patients who were subjected to TEES for attic cholesteatoma between October 2019 to June 2021 were included in this study, including 17 males and 21 females with an average age of (38.6±11.9) years. SID and underwater continuous drilling were used during operation. Width of endoscope and irrigation speed were measured when SID was applied. The operating time, surgical view and complications were compared between two groups. Results: The width of the endoscope was 3.5-4.6 mm in diameter and the irrigation speed was 20-40 ml/min when SID was used. SID cleaned the lens at the tip of the endoscope and created a clear field of view during TEES. The operation time was (86.6±18.1) min. The skin of the external ear canal was found injured during operation in 3 patients, but there were no complications such as necrosis of the flap, stenosis of external ear canal, sensorineural hearing loss, facial paralysis and cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Conclusions: SID is simple and enhances the efficacy of TEES, providing a new irrigation choice in TEES for attic cholesteatoma.

[Research progress in association between endothelial dysfunction and periodontitis].

Vascular endothelium formulates the basic defense against cardiovascular diseases. Multiple factors such as inflammatory factors, oxidative stress and biological factors can cause endothelial dysfunction and be involved in the formation and development of cardiovascular diseases. In studies of recent years, accumulated evidences showed that periodontitis was an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events, and was related to vascular endothelial dysfunction. Periodontal therapy could improve the vascular endothelial function. In this paper, the epidemiological evidences of associations between periodontitis and vascular endothelial dysfunction in recent years were listed, and the possible mechanisms of periodontitis aggravating endothelial dysfunction were analyzed. The importance of periodontal intervention in improving endothelial function was emphasized. This will provide new ideas for further study about the relationship between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases and for the prevention and treatment strategies.

[Progress in the methods for evaluating depth of bone invasion and bone invasion of lower gingival squamous cell carcinoma].

The depth of invasion is a new index in the 8th edition of TNM classification and staging of oral cancer. Currently, there is no standardized evaluation method for the diagnosis of bone invasion and depth of invasion in lower gingival squamous cell carcinoma (LGSCC). The evaluation of LGSCC bone invasion depth not only provides a reference for surgical margin, but also determines the choice of surgical method, and is an independent prognostic factor for predicting cervical lymphatic metastasis. At present, the main evaluation methods of LGSCC bone invasion and invasion depth include X-ray, MRI, CT, positron emission tomography(PET)/CT, PET/MRI, singlephoton emission CT(SPECT)/CT and pathological examination. In this paper, the evaluation methods and effects of LGSCC bone invasion and invasion depth are summarized, and its advantages and disadvantages are analyzed in order to provide reference for clinical application.

[Correlation analysis of smell and taste loss with COVID-19 outbreak trend based on big data of internet].

Objective: To analyze the correlation between loss of smell/taste and the number of real confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide based on Google Trends data, and to explore the guiding role of smell/taste loss for the COVID-19 prevention and control. Methods: "Loss of smell" and "loss of taste" related keywords were searched in the Google Trends platform, the data were obtained from Jan. 1 2019 to Jul. 11 2021. The daily and newly confirmed COVID-19 case number were collected from World Health Organization (WHO) since Dec. 30 2019. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 23.0 software. The correlation was finally tested by Spearman correlation analysis. Results: A total of data from 80 weeks were collected. The retrospective analysis was performed on the new trend of COVID-19 confirmed cases in a total of 186 292 441 cases worldwide. Since the epidemic of COVID-19 was recorded on the WHO website, the relative searches related to loss of smell/taste in the Google Trends platform had been increasing globally. The global relative search volumes of "loss of smell" and "loss of taste" on Google Trends was 10.23±2.58 and 16.33±2.47 before the record of epidemic while 80.25±39.81 and 80.45±40.04 after (t value was 8.67, 14.43, respectively, both P<0.001). In the United States and India, the relative searches for "loss of smell" and "loss of taste" after the record of epidemic were also much higher than before (all P<0.001). The correlation coefficients between the trend of weekly new COVID-19 cases and the Google Trends of "loss of smell" in the global, United States, and India was 0.53, 0.76, and 0.82 respectively (all P<0.001), the correlation coefficients with Google Trends of "loss of taste" was 0.54, 0.78, and 0.82 respectively (all P<0.001). The lowest and highest point of loss of smell/taste search curves of Google Trends in different periods appeared 7 to 14 days earlier than that of the weekly newly COVID-19 confirmed cases curves, respectively. Conclusions: There is a significant positive correlation between the number of newly confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide and the amount of keywords, such as "loss of smell" and "loss of taste", retrieved in Google Trends. The trend of big data based on Google Trends might predict the outbreak trend of COVID-19 in advance.

[The clinical application of two-complex and one-plane technique for renal artery location in transperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy].

Objective: To examine the clinical application effects of two-complex and one-plane technique for the renal artery dissected location in transperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy(LRN). Methods: Clinical data of patients diagnosed as renal tumor between January 2016 and December 2019 that treated with transperitoneal LRN and the two-complex and one-plane technique was performed to locate and dissect the renal arteries were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 206 qualified patients were enrolled, included 71 cases from Kaifeng Central Hospital and 135 cases from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. There were 126 males and 80 females with median age of 54 years (range: 35 to 82 years). Renal tumor lived at left kidney in 102 cases and at the right in 104 cases, with a maximum tumor diameter of (6.8±2.5)cm (range: 3.0 to 12.7 cm). During the procession of transperitoneal LRN, The genital veins was followed to locate renal veins, soon the renal vein complex and renal lower pole complex and psoas major muscle plane that named as "two-complex and one-plane"anatomical markers were applied to the dissected location of renal arteries. The established application of two-complex and one-plane technique for renal artery location, and the anatomical features along with its locational time of renal artery, as well as vascular-related complications were recorded and analysed. The χ2 test or t test was used to compare the results of different lateral operations. Results: The surgical procedures were successful in all 206 patients. The operation time was (54.4±13.6) minutes (range:22 to 116 minutes), no injury to liver, spleen or intestine. Two-complex and one-plane technique was used to complete renal arteries location of 206 patients that accompanied with one or more arterial branch in the procession of transperitoneal LRN. Single renal artery branch was found in 163 cases, two or more renal artery branches were found in 43 cases, and 60 branches of accessory renal artery that in addition to the main trunks were detected in 14 cases (13.7%, 14/102) on left-side and 29 cases (27.9%, 29/104) on the right(χ²=6.251, P=0.012).The main branch of renal artery that directly been located inferior or posterior to renal vein in 165 cases, and the other 41 cases that born with higher-position of main branch been located through an upper"window-opening"of renal veins complex. Of the 60 accessory renal artery, 46 branch (76.6%, 46/60) been located inferior or posterior to renal veins, and the other 14 branch with higher-position (23.3%, 14/60) been located by a"window-opening"technique. The renal artery dissected location time was (21.2±9.4) minutes (range:11 to 43 minutes) in left-side and (17.5±9.3) minutes (range:9 to 32 minutes) in the right (t=2.840, P=0.005).The intraoprative bleeding was (51.8±25.2) ml (range:20 to 400 ml). There were 4 cases of vascular injury occured and treated with laporoscopy, only one need blood transfusion. Conclusions: The anatomical markers of renal vein complex and renal lower pole complex and psoas major muscle plane that can apply to locate various anatomical position types of renal artery in transperitoneal LRN effectively. The exactly application of two-complex and one-plane technique that could shorten the operational time of renal artery location and reduce the complications of vascular injury.

[Study on the effect of antibiotics application in perioperative period on carotid artery and serum interleukin-6 in periodontitis rats with hyperlipidemia or diabetes].

Objective: To investigate the effect of antibiotics application in perioperative period on carotid artery and serum interluekin-6 (IL-6) in chronic periodontitis (CP) rats with hyperlipidemia (HL) or diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: The models of CP rats with HL or DM were established in different batches. The rats were divided into groups as follows: A and A' were normal control groups, n=7 in each group; B(HL) and B'(DM) were groups of HL and DM, n=7 in each; C(HL+CP) and C'(DM+CP) were groups of CP with HL and CP with DM, n=21 in each. After the establishment of the models, groups C and C' were divided into C1 and C1' non-intervention group, C2 and C2' simple tooth extraction group and C3 and C3' antibiotic-assisted tooth extraction, with 7 rats in each of the groups. Two time interventions were performed to extract experimental teeth (bilateral maxillary first and second molars) in groups C2, C2', C3 and C3'. Serum samples were collected at 5 time points before and after tooth extraction (T1: before the first tooth extraction; T2: one week after the first tooth extraction; T3, T4, T5: the first, third and fifth week after the second tooth extraction), respectively. The absolute content of IL-6 in serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ratio of the absolute content in the experimental groups and control groups were calculated as the relative content of IL-6. At the end of the experiments, all rats were euthanasia and the bifurcation vascular tissues of carotid artery were collected for the observation of the carotid artery pathology and plaque formation and the measurement of the thickness of carotid intimal-medial layer (IMT). Results: Carotid artery pathology observation showed the IMT in group C was significantly thickened and the group C2 was the most thickened one (compared with group A, P＜0.01). Elastic fibers in groups C1 and C2 were disordered or even broken and disappeared, presenting typical atherosclerotic plaques, which were diffuse calcium salt deposits in the intimal-medial layers and protrude into the lumen. Elastic fibers in group C3 were ranged in ordered relatively without obvious fracture and the number of plaques was significantly reduced. The vascular walls in rats of groups B' and C' were incomplete, the IMTs had no obvious changes, elastic fibers were ranged disorderly and broken and the smooth muscle cells had vacuolar changes. In group C2', the vascular wall was significantly thinned and calcified plaques appeared in the artery, which showed multiple calcification lesions penetrating through the intimal-medial layer or even the whole layer. The vascular wall of group C3' was integrity and the elastic fibers arranged relatively clutter-free, the number of plaques was reduced. Results of detections of IL-6 showed the relative contents of IL-6 in groups B, B', C1, and C1' increased with time. At T3 time point, the relative contents of IL-6 in groups C2 and C3 reached the peak, C2 was 10.4 times of group A and C3 was 9.5 times of group A, and then decreased to different low levels. At T5 point, comparisons of the relative contents of IL-6 showed C3 < C2 < C1 (3.2 times, 5.4 times, 9.6 times of group A, respectively). The relative contents of IL-6 in groups C2' and C3' reached the peak at T2 point (4.9 times and 4.5 times of group A, respectively), and then decline with time. At T5 point, comparisons of the relative contents of IL-6 showed C3'< C2'< C1' (1.2 times, 1.4 times and 3.1 times of group A, respectively). Conclusions: Blood vessels were observed more obvious thickened in the tooth extraction without antibiotic of HL+CP rats with calcifications increase. Blood vessels of DM+CP rats became thin and fragile and even the integrity was damaged. Perioperative use of antibiotics might reduce the carotid artery lesions and decrease serum levels of inflammatory cytokines.

[Research progress on the role of extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic periodontitis].

Chronic periodontitis is a disease of periodontal supporting tissue infection caused by various causes. It was believed that the oral bacteria were the initiator of chronic periodontitis, and the host immune factors would affect the developing process and outcome of periodontitis, although the specific regulatory mechanism was not completely clear. Extracellular vesicles, subcellular components produced by cell paracrine, may carry a variety of genetic information to mediate intercellular communication. Extracellular vesicles have been found to be closely related to tumors and cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, neurological and immune system diseases and provide a research pathway for the early diagnosis, etiological therapy and vaccine design. Various extracellular vesicles are released from periodontal ligament stem cells, gingival mesenchymal stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, immune cells and periodontal pathogenic bacteria. These extracellular vesicles release for mutual communication and regulation, and further affect the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. In the present article, the characteristics of extracellular vesicles from periodontal tissues and periodontal pathogenic bacteria were introduced, the research progress of extracellular vesicles involved in the regulation of chronic periodontitis was reviewed and the potential value of extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic periodontitis was prospected.

[Ultrasound features and clinical characteristics of intestinal ischemia secondary to acute mesenteric venous thrombosis].

Objective: To examine the ultrasound features and clinical characteristics of the intestinal ischemia secondary to acute mesenteric venous thrombosis (AMVT). Methods: From January 2016 to June 2019, 11 patients were diagnosed as intestinal ischemia secondary to AMVT confirmed by surgical pathology or CT in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The patients included 7 males and 4 females, aging of (52.8±11.9) years (range: 34 to 81 years).The clinical characters and ultrasound features were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Abdomen pain was the chief complaint of all patients. Other complaints include 2 cases of blood in the stool, 1 case of hematemesis, 2 cases of vomiting, 1 case of diarrhea. Six patients showed rebound pain on physical examination. All patients had elevated white blood cell account and D-Dimer. Nine patients had a thrombosis in the portal vein simultaneously. All 11 patients underwent the CT scan including 10 contrast-enhanced CT. Mesenteric venous thrombosis was detected in 10 cases who underwent contrast-enhanced CT imaging. On CT imaging, 11 patients demonstrated intestinal wall thicken, 5 patients showed intestinal dilation. Eight patients underwent superior mesenteric venous ultrasound examination. Of them, 7 patients were correctly diagnosed as AMVT. Of the 10 patients who underwent abdominal ultrasound, 5 patients showed intestinal lesions including intestinal wall thicken in 4 patients and intestinal dilation in 1 patient. Peritoneal fluid was detected in 10 patients by ultrasound, which was consistent with CT. Ten patients underwent surgical procedures while 1 patient received conservative treatment. Conclusion: Ultrasound is an accurate imaging method in diagnosing superior mesenteric vein thrombosis and can detect intestinal wall thickening, intestinal dilation, and peritoneal fluid.

[Clinical characteristics and microbiome analysis in patients with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 related colitis].

Objective: To analyze clinical characteristics and monitor microbiome changes in patients with anti-PD-1 associated colitis. Methods: Two patients with non-small cell lung cancer who developed colitis after treated with anti-PD-1 antibodies were retrospectively analyzed in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2019 to January 2020. The clinical symptoms, endoscopic and pathological manifestations, as well microbiome changes were analyzed and compared during pre-treatment, post-treatment and relapse. Results: The main clinical manifestations included diarrhea, elevated inflammatory indicators, colonic mucosal diffuse hyperemic edema with erosion by endoscopy. Changes in the structure of crypts were common pathological characteristics. Glucocorticoids were effective agents, which achieved clinical remission and mucosal healing. The microbiome composition of OTUs was different. After glucocorticoid treatment, the alpha diversity Observed species, Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, ACE indexes all decreased. The Firmicutes decreased with Bacteroidetes increasing in phylum level; while the Bacteroides increased with Ruminococcaceae decreasing in genus level. Lactobacillus was the potentially beneficial genus. Conclusion: Patients developing anti-PD-1 associated colitis have characteristic clinical and pathological manifestations. Glucocorticoids are effective treatment. The fecal microbiome diversity, relative abundance of major phylum and genus have changed after treatment.

Knockdown of FOXM1 suppresses cell growth and metastasis in human laryngeal cancer via the AKT signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the potential regulatory effect of forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) on laryngeal carcinoma (LC) and the underlying mechanisms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Tumor tissues were obtained from 80 patients diagnosed with LC in our hospital. Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression levels of FOXM1 in LC tissues and cell lines. Transfection of small interfering RNA (si-RNA) was conducted to knockdown the expression level of FOXM1. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay and cell colony assay were conducted to measure the changes in cell proliferation capacity influenced by FOXM1. Finally, invasion and migration ability was evaluated by the transwell assay. RESULTS: FOXM1 was found upregulated in LC tissues and cells. Transfection of FOXM1 siRNA in LC cells successfully inhibited the expression of FOXM1. The knockdown of FOXM1 resulted in reduced proliferation, invasion, and migration of LC cells. Further studies indicated that the knockdown of FOXM1 suppressed the ratio of p-AKT/AKT. Besides, the impaired proliferation, invasion, and migration of LC cells induced by FOXM1 knockdown could be counteracted by application of the AKT activator Sc79. CONCLUSIONS: The present work demonstrated that the knockdown of FOXM1 suppressed the proliferation, invasion, and migration of LC cells by the AKT signaling pathway.

[Clinical study of butterfly cartilage myringoplasty for anterior quadrant tympanic perforation under endoscope].

Objective: To evaluate the results of butterfly cartilage myringoplasty for anterior quadrant tympanic perforation under endoscope. Methods: Thirty-eight patients with anterior quadrant tympanic perforations who were subjected to endoscopic butterfly cartilage myringoplasty from April 2016 to October 2018 were included in this study, including 16 males and 22 females, with an average age of (34.5±14.2) years. The patients were reviewed retrospectively, and the pre-and post-operative pure tone audiometry (PTA) thresholds, pre-and post-operative air-bone gaps (ABG), post-operative graft success rates and complications were evaluated. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze data. Results: Mean post-operative follow-up duration was (9.4±3.1) months (range 6-18 months). The graft survival rate was 94.7% (36/38) . The preoperative and postoperative mean PTA was (30.9±8.9) dB HL and (21.4±7.7) dB HL respectively. Preoperative and postoperative mean ABG was (18.4±6.3) dB and (10.8±6.0) dB respectively. There was significant difference between pre-and postoperative PTA and ABG (t=5.353 and 4.162, P<0.05 for both). A postoperative ABG reduction of (8.3±1.5) dB was reached. Two (4.7%) patients had postoperative myringitis, two (4.7%) had recurrent perforation, and one (2.4%) had lateral healing of transplanted tympanic membrane in the postoperative follow-ups. No intratympanic cholesteatoma was observed. Conclusions: Endoscopic butterfly inlay myringoplasty is a reliable, minimally invasive alternative method to repair anterior tympanic membrane perforations, with high closure rate and low risk of complications.

Long non-coding RNA MIR155HG knockdown suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion in NSCLC by upregulating TP53INP1 directly targeted by miR-155-3p and miR-155-5p.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have proved that lncRNA MIR155 host gene (MIR155HG) is overexpressed in glioma and has elucidated its function. However, its functional role and underlying molecular mechanism in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the function and underlying mechanism of MIR155HG in NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Differentially expressed lncRNAs in NSCLC tissue were identified from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The expression of MIR155HG, miR-155-3p, miRNA-155-5p, and tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 1 (TP53INP1) in NSCLC specimens and cells were quantified using quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and transwell invasion assay were performed to evaluate cell viability and the ability of migration and invasion. Luciferase reporter assay was employed to examine whether miR-155-3p and miR-155-5p could bind to TP53INP1 in NSCLC cells. A xenograft tumor model was used to evaluate the biological function of MIR155HG in vivo. RESULTS: Data obtained from the GEO dataset show that MIR155HG is frequently overexpressed in NSCLC tumor tissues and cell lines. Elevated MIR155HG levels were found to be associated with advanced disease stage and poor prognosis of NSCLC. Cell viability, as well as the capability of migration and invasion of NCI-H1975 and A549 cells, was markedly reduced upon MIR155HG knockdown. Mechanistically, bioinformatics analysis and functional assays confirmed that miR-155-5p and miR-155-3p, two derivatives of MIR155HG, contributed to the effect of MIR155HG in NSCLC. It was also found that miR-155-5p or miR-155-3p mimics could dramatically rescue the inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion caused by siMIR155HG. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis and Luciferase reporter assays revealed that miR-155-5p and miR-155-3p mediate the effect of MIR155HG in NSCLC cells by negatively regulating the tumor suppressor TP53INP1. CONCLUSIONS: Current findings indicate that MIR155HG/miR-155 axis facilitates NSCLC progression by downregulating TP53INP1. Therefore, the MIR155HG/miR-155 axis may be a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.

Long noncoding RNA ROR1-AS1 induces tumor metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by sponging miR-375 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The article "Long noncoding RNA ROR1-AS1 induces tumor metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by sponging miR-375 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, by Hou J, Yan J, Ren XY, Zhu K, Du XY, Li JJ, Xu M., published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020 Jan;24(1):174-180. DOI: 10.26355/ eurrev_202001_19909. PMID: 31957830" has been withdrawn from the authors. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.

Effects of rapamycin on osteosarcoma cell proliferation and apoptosis by inducing autophagy.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influences of rapamycin on proliferation and apoptosis of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and the mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were randomly divided into Control group, Rapamycin group, and Rapamycin + Beclin-1 plasmid transfection group. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was adopted to detect the viability of MG-63 cells in each group, and the 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining and Hoechst staining were applied to determine the proliferation and apoptosis, respectively, of MG-63 cells in each group. The levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, and the protein expression levels of Beclin-1 and Vps34 in each group of MG-63 cells were tested using the Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with the Control group, Rapamycin group, and Rapamycin + Beclin-1 plasmid transfection group had markedly weakened the viability of MG-63 cells, inhibited cell proliferation, remarkably increased cell apoptosis rate, elevated Bax level, notably declined Bcl-2 level, and significantly raised the levels of Beclin-1 and Vps34 proteins in MG-63 cells. Besides, the effects in Beclin-1 plasmid transfection group were stronger. CONCLUSIONS: Rapamycin may decrease the viability, inhibit the proliferation, and promote the apoptosis of MG-63 cells by activating autophagy.