ABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: In children, most colonic polyps are juvenile polyps with negligible risk for malignant transformation. The exception is juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) where there is a risk for developing colon cancer. The authors studied differences in clinical features and colonoscopic findings in children with solitary juvenile polyps (SJP), multiple juvenile polyps (MJP), and JPS. METHODS: Children were identified as SJP (1 polyp), MJP (2-4 polyps), or JPS (>5 polyps). Demographic data, laboratory values, family history, and colonoscopic findings were recorded. RESULTS: Children having polypectomy had juvenile polyps (93%), adenomatous polyps (5%), and Peutz-Jegher syndrome (3%). Juvenile polyps were classified as SJP (67%), MJP (16%), and JPS (17%). Children with SJP were younger, were more likely to have polyps limited to the rectosigmoid colon, and had larger polyps than children with MJP and JPS. Anemia was more common in JPS than MJP and SJP. CONCLUSION: Clinical and endoscopic findings differ between SJP, MJP, and JPS.
Subject(s)
Colonic Polyps/pathology , Colonoscopy , Intestinal Polyposis/congenital , Adolescent , Age Factors , Anemia/etiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Colonic Polyps/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Humans , Intestinal Polyposis/diagnosis , Intestinal Polyposis/pathology , Male , Neoplastic Syndromes, HereditaryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Granulomatous gastritis (GG) is an uncommon pathological finding that may accompany systemic disease, infections, foreign body reaction, malignancy or vasculitis, but may also be an isolated finding. Clinical and pathological features of GG have been systematically evaluated in adults but not children. OBJECTIVES: To compare clinical and pathological features of GG in adults and children, and also determine the prevalence of GG in children from a single centre. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 23 children and 23 adults with GG was conducted. Demographic and clinical information was recorded for each patient. Gastric biopsy specimens were evaluated for the presence of gastritis, infectious organisms, and number and location of the granulomas. RESULTS: Children were a mean+/-SD age of 12.5+/-3.0 years, had a male predominance, and were most often Caucasian. Adults were a mean+/-SD age of 49.2+/-13.2 years, had a female predominance, and were most often African-American. Primary diagnoses were Crohn's disease in children, and sarcoidosis and isolated GG in adults. In both groups, granulomas were most often located in the antrum, with no difference in the number of granulomas per biopsy between children and adults. All biopsy specimens were negative for acid-fast bacilli and fungal organisms; Helicobacter pylori infection was uncommon. Overall prevalence of GG in children in this study was 1.7% for all diagnostic upper endoscopies. CONCLUSION: Differences in aetiology of GG between children and adults reflect age-specific disease states. Gender differences can be partially explained by gender differences intrinsic to the underlying aetiology. Irrespective of the underlying aetiology, the number and location of granulomas are similar in children and adults.
Subject(s)
Gastritis/pathology , Granuloma/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biopsy , Child , Child, Preschool , Crohn Disease/complications , Crohn Disease/diagnosis , Female , Gastritis/etiology , Gastritis/microbiology , Gastroscopy , Granuloma/etiology , Granuloma/microbiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Sarcoidosis/complications , Sarcoidosis/diagnosis , Sex FactorsSubject(s)
Bilirubin/blood , Cholecystectomy/adverse effects , Cholestasis/etiology , Jaundice, Chronic Idiopathic/diagnosis , Jaundice, Chronic Idiopathic/etiology , Adolescent , Biopsy , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Jaundice, Chronic Idiopathic/blood , Jaundice, Chronic Idiopathic/pathology , Liver/pathologyABSTRACT
To resolve discrepancies concerning the magnitude of the electron affinities of perfluorocyclopropane and perfluorocyclobutane, quantum chemical calculations have been carried out with the MP2 and CCSD(T) methods in conjunction with augmented correlation consistent basis sets (aug-cc-pVX Z, X = D, T, Q). Though no experimental values have been found for perfluorocyclopropane, we estimate its electron affinity to be 0.17 eV (0.00 eV without zero-point vibrational energy corrections). In addition, determination of the electron affinity of perfluorocyclobutane (0.61 and 0.44 eV with and without zero-point vibrational energy corrections, respectively) is in good agreement with experimental values reported by Miller and co-workers (0.63 +/- 0.05 eV). This study also demonstrates that the widely prescribed B3LYP/DZP++ model chemistry for computing electron affinities does not correctly describe these systems.
