ABSTRACT
Introducción: Existe la tendencia mundial del aumento de población adulta mayor. Colombia no es un país ajeno a esta situación. Objetivo: Determinar las condiciones crónicas de salud asociadas al desarrollo de discapacidad en adultos mayores de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio transversal en el que participaron 322 adultos mayores, seleccionados con muestreo aleatorio estratificado proporcional. Se aplicó la Encuesta de Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento Colombia, en su sección 8, y el WHODAS 2.0, versión de 36 preguntas. Resultados: El 90,4 por ciento de los participantes en el estudio eran mujeres, la mediana de edad fue de 70 años. La media de discapacidad global fue de 9,39 ± 10,2 puntos. La movilidad obtuvo la mayor puntuación 13,80 ± 17,79 (escala de 0-100 puntos) y las de menor puntuación fueron AVD-trabajo remunerado y participación (2,240 ± 11,15 puntos). La hipertensión arterial fue el padecimiento con mayor prevalencia. Los adultos que han sufrido embolias reportaron el mayor nivel de discapacidad (18,395), seguido de los que manifestaron haber tenido algún tipo de alteración mental (14,15 por ciento ). El dominio con mayor significancia estadística fue la participación, más afectada en los adultos con diabetes, ataques al corazón, embolia cerebral, artritis, osteoporosis y cataratas. Conclusiones: Hubo presencia de enfermedades crónicas en los sistemas cardiovascular, pulmonar y músculo-esquelético, aunque se reportaron niveles bajos discapacidad. Las actividades de la vida diaria más complejas son las que primero presentan dificultad; además, la movilidad es crucial para el funcionamiento de los adultos mayores(AU)
Introduction: Increase in the number of older adults is a current worldwide tendency. Colombia is not an exception. Objective: Determine the chronic health conditions associated to the development of disability in older adults from the city of Santiago de Cali, Colombia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted of 322 older adults selected by proportional stratified random sampling. Data were obtained with the survey Health, Wellbeing and Aging Colombia, section 8, and the tool WHODAS 2.0, 36-item version. Results: Of the participants in the study, 90.4 percent were women; mean age was 70 years. Mean global disability was 9.39 ± 10.2 points. Mobility obtained the highest score (13.80 ± 17.79 on a 0-100 scale), whereas the lowest ranking variables were ADL - paid work and participation (2.240 ± 11.15 points). Arterial hypertension was the most common condition. Patients who had had embolisms reported the highest level of disability (18.395), followed by those reporting having had some sort of mental disorder (14.15 percent). The domain with the greatest statistical significance was participation, which was more affected in adults with diabetes, heart attacks, cerebral embolism, arthritis, osteoporosis and cataract. Conclusions: A presence was observed of chronic diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory and musculoskeletal systems, though low disability levels were reported. The most complex activities of daily living are the first to present difficulty. On the other hand, mobility is crucial for the functioning of older adults(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Activities of Daily Living , Exercise , Health Status , Heart , Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sports for Persons with Disabilities , Health Services for the AgedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: During the last decade, Colombia presented a significant decrease in malaria clinical cases and associated mortality. However, there is a lack of reliable information about the prevalence and characteristics of complicated malaria cases as well as its association with different Plasmodium species. A description of the epidemiological and clinical aspects of complicated malaria in Colombia is presented here. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted using data collected between 2007 and 2013 by the Public Health Surveillance System (SIVIGILA). Demographic and clinical features were described. Frequency of complicated malaria cases, annual parasite index (API) and annual percent change (APC) for trend modelling by gender and age were also calculated. RESULTS: A total of 547,542 malaria cases were recorded by SIVIGILA during the study period, of which 2553 (0.47 %) corresponded to complicated cases with similar distribution by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum species. Mixed infections were found in 153 cases (6.0 %). Trend modelling of the API for complicated malaria for all parasite species showed a non-significant increase throughout the years (APC 14.4 %; 95 % CI -4.3 to 36.6 %). Complicated malaria individuals were mostly males (62.2 %) and young adults (median age of 23 years). Notably, 72.4 % of the patients attended for malaria diagnosis >72 h after symptoms onset and 17 % reported malaria episodes in the last 30 days. All patients received anti-malarial treatment, but only 40 % received the first-line as recommended by the Colombian guidelines. Overall, hepatic and renal complications were the most common severe manifestations (63.6 %). Whereas hepatic and pulmonary complications were more common in P. vivax infections, renal and cerebral complications were significantly more frequent in patients with P. falciparum. In contrast with mono-infected patients, severe anaemia and shock were more frequent in patients with mixed infection. CONCLUSION: In contrast with the malaria-decreasing trend over the last years, the complicated malaria trend showed a non-significant annual increase. Therefore, in addition to existing national policies on early diagnosis and prompt anti-malarial treatment, more efforts have to be committed addressing the delayed diagnosis and inadequate treatment found in this study. Improving malaria notification forms, medical assistance skills, and capacity should be prioritized.
