Different nutrient intake and prevalence of gastrointestinal comorbidities in women with endometriosis.

Even though endometriosis presents one of the most common gynaecological diseases, the pathogenesis is insufficiently studied. Besides immunologic, inflammatory or oxidative processes, recent studies also suggest an influence of nutrition on disease onset and progression. Because data about the actual nutrient intake of endometriosis patients are scarce, we aimed to examine the actual nutrient intake and potential influencing factors in these women. A total of 156 women with endometriosis (EM) and 52 age-matched controls were included in this retrospective case-control study. All women filled in a validated food frequency questionnaire to acquire the nutrient intake of the past 12 months and a disease-related questionnaire for the determination of disease status, clinical symptoms and comorbidities. Patients with endometriosis suffered significantly more from diet-related comorbidities like food intolerances (25.6% versus 7.7%; P = 0.009) and allergies (57% versus 31%; P < 0.001) compared to controls. Also gastrointestinal symptoms, including constipation, flatulence, pyrosis, diarrhea or frequent defecation, were higher in the EM group (77% versus 29%; P < 0.001). The nutrient intake of patients with endometriosis differed significantly compared to controls with a significantly lower ingestion of organic acids (P = 0.006), maltose (P = 0.0.16), glycogen (P = 0.035), tetradecenoic acid (P = 0.041), methionine (P = 0.046), lysine (P = 0.048), threonine (P = 0.046) and histidine (P = 0.049). The total intake of animal proteins was significantly lower in the EM group compared to the controls (P = 0.047). EM patients showed a decreased intake of vitamin C (P = 0.031), vitamin B12 (P = 0.008) and magnesium (P = 0.043) compared to controls. This study confirms a high association of endometriosis and gastrointestinal disorders accompanied by an altered nutrient intake. A dietary intervention by a professional nutritionist may help to reduce disease burden in the affected women.

The International Endometriosis Evaluation Program (IEEP Study) - A Systematic Study for Physicians, Researchers and Patients.

INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis is a heterogeneous disease characterized by a range of different presentations. It is usually diagnosed when patients present with pain and/or infertility, but it has also been diagnosed in asymptomatic patients. Because of the different diagnostic approaches and diverse therapies, time to diagnosis can vary considerably and the definitive diagnosis may be delayed, with some cases not being diagnosed for several years. Endometriosis patients have many unmet needs. A systematic registration and follow-up of endometriosis patients could be useful to obtain an insight into the course of the disease. The validation of biomarkers could contribute to the development of diagnostic and predictive tests which could help select patients for surgical assessment earlier and offer better predictions about patients who might benefit from medical, surgical or other interventions. The aim is also to obtain a better understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis and progression of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To do this, an online multicenter documentation system was introduced to facilitate the establishment of a prospective multicenter case-control study, the IEEP (International Endometriosis Evaluation Program) study. We report here on the first 696 patients with endometriosis included in the program between June 2013 and June 2015. RESULTS: A documentation system was created, and the structure and course of the study were mapped out with regard to data collection and the collection of biomaterials. CONCLUSION: The documentation system permits the history and clinical data of patients with endometriosis to be recorded. The IEEP combines this information with biomaterials and uses it for scientific studies. The recorded data can also be used to evaluate clinical quality control measures such as the certification parameters used by the EEL (European Endometriosis League) to assess certified endometriosis centers.

Consensus on Recording Deep Endometriosis Surgery: the CORDES statement.

STUDY QUESTION: Which essential items should be recorded before, during and after endometriosis surgery and in clinical outcome based surgical trials in patients with deep endometriosis (DE)? SUMMARY ANSWER: A DE surgical sheet (DESS) was developed for standardized reporting of the surgical treatment of DE and an international expert consensus proposal on relevant items that should be recorded in surgical outcome trials in women with DE. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Surgery is an important treatment for symptomatic DE. So far, data have been reported in such a way that comparison of different surgical techniques is impossible. Therefore, we present an international expert proposal for standardized reporting of surgical treatment and surgical outcome trials in women with DE. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: International expert consensus based on a systematic review of literature. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Taking into account recommendations from Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT), the Innovation Development Exploration Assessment and Long-term Study (IDEAL), the Initiative on Methods, Measurement and Pain Assessment in Clinical trials (IMMPACT) and the World Endometriosis Research Foundation Phenome and Biobanking Harmonisation Project (WERF EPHect), a systematic literature review on surgical treatment of DE was performed and resulted in a proposal for standardized reporting, adapted by contributions from eight members of the multidisciplinary Leuven University Hospitals Endometriosis Care Program, from 18 international experts and from audience feedback during three international meetings. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: We have developed the DESS to record in detail the surgical procedures for DE, and an international consensus on pre-, intra- and post-operative data that should be recorded in surgical outcome trials on DE. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: The recommendations in this paper represent a consensus among international experts based on a systematic review of the literature. For several items and recommendations, high-quality RCTs were not available. Further research is needed to validate and evaluate the recommendations presented here. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: This international expert consensus for standardized reporting of surgical treatment in women with DE, based on a systematic literature review and international consensus, can be used as a guideline to record and report surgical management of patients with DE and as a guideline to design, execute, interpret and compare clinical trials in this patient population. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS: None of the authors received funding for the development of this paper. M.A. reports personal fees and non-financial support from Bayer Pharma outside the submitted work; H.T. reports a grant from Pfizer and personal fees for being on the advisory board of Perrigo, Abbvie, Allergan and SPD. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: N/A.

The Prevention of Positioning Injuries during Gynecologic Operations. Guideline of DGGG (S1-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015/077, February 2015).

Purpose: Official guideline published and coordinated by the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG). Positioning injuries after lengthy gynecological procedures are rare, but the associated complications can be potentially serious for patients. Moreover, such injuries often lead to claims of malpractice and negligence requiring detailed medical investigation. To date, there are no binding evidence-based recommendations for the prevention of such injuries. Methods: This S1-guideline is the work of an interdisciplinary group of experts from a range of different professions who were commissioned by DGGG to carry out a systematic literature search of positioning injuries. Members of the participating scientific societies develop a consensus in an informal procedure. Afterwards the directorate of the scientific society approves the consensus. The recommendations cover.

Surgical Methods for the Treatment of Uterine Fibroids - Risk of Uterine Sarcoma and Problems of Morcellation: Position Paper of the DGGG.

The appropriate surgical technique to treat patients with uterine fibroids is still a matter of debate as is the potential risk of incorrect treatment if histological examination detects a uterine sarcoma instead of uterine fibroids. The published epidemiology for uterine sarcoma is set against the incidence of accidental findings during surgery for uterine fibroids. International comments on this topic are discussed and are incorporated into the assessment by the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG). The ICD-O-3 version of 2003 was used for the anatomical and topographical coding of uterine sarcomas, and the "Operations- und Prozedurenschlüssel" (OPS) 2014, the German standard for process codes and interventions, was used to determine surgical extirpation methods. Categorical qualifiers were defined to analyze the data provided by the Robert Koch Institute (RKI), the German Federal Bureau of Statistics (DESTATIS; Hospital and Causes of Death Statistics), the population-based Cancer Register of Bavaria. A systematic search was done of the MEDLINE database and the Cochrane collaboration, covering the period from 1966 until November 2014. The incidence of uterine sarcoma and uterine fibroids in uterine surgery was compared to the literature and with the different registries. The incidence of uterine sarcoma in 2010, standardized for age, was 1.53 for Bavaria, or 1.30 for every 100 000 women, respectively, averaged for the years 2002-2011, and 1.30 for every 100 000 women in Germany. The mean incidence collated from various surveys was 2.02 for every 100 000 women (0.35-7.02; standard deviation 2.01). The numbers of inpatient surgical procedures such as myoma enucleation, morcellation, hysterectomy or cervical stump removal to treat the indication "uterine myoma" have steadily declined in Germany across all age groups (an absolute decrease of 17 % in 2012 compared to 2007). There has been a shift in the preferred method of surgical access from an abdominal/vaginal approach to endoscopic or endoscopically assisted procedures to treat uterine fibroids, with the use of morcellation increasing by almost 11 000 coded procedures in 2012. Based on international statements (AAGL, ACOG, ESGE, FDA, SGO) on the risk of uterine sarcoma as an coincidental finding during uterine fibroid surgery and the associated risk of a deterioration of prognosis (in the case of morcellation procedures), this overview presents the opinion of the DGGG in the form of four Statements, five Recommendation and four Demands.

National German Guideline (S2k): Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Endometriosis: Long Version - AWMF Registry No. 015-045.

In this guideline, recommendations and standards for optimum diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis are presented. They are based on the analysis of the available scientific evidence as published in prospective randomized and retrospective studies as well as in systematic reviews. The guideline working group consisted of experts from Austria, Germany, Switzerland, and the Czech Republic.

Mild hydronephrosis after uncomplicated hysterectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To explore differences in the incidence of hydronephrosis following different hysterectomy methods for benign gynecological disease. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of ultrasound findings on all patients undergoing simple hysterectomy for benign gynecological pathology between July 2004 and September 2008. Elective renal ultrasonography was performed pre-operatively and within 3 days after hysterectomy as part of the routine follow-up in our hospital. RESULTS: Of 385 eligible patients, six were excluded because of pre-existing hydronephrosis or suspected intra-operative ureteral injury. In the resulting group of 379 patients, abdominal (33.3%), vaginal (11.8%) or laparoscopic hysterectomy (54.9%) was performed. The last group included total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH, 20.3%), laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy (LASH, 19.3%), and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH, 15.3%). Overall, 56.7% of patients showed mild hydronephrosis (5-15 mm pelvicalyceal dilatation) after surgery. Mostly, it occurred unilaterally. The incidence varied according to the type of procedure, the highest being documented following vaginal hysterectomy (64.4%) and the lowest after LASH (46.6%), but this did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Mild hydronephrosis is a frequent finding after uncomplicated hysterectomy for benign pathology in otherwise asymptomatic patients. Although not statistically significant, there may be variability of mild hydronephrosis depending on the hysterectomy method.

Shaping the System - The DRG Evaluation Project of the German Society for Gynaecology and Obstetrics (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, DGGG).

Introduction: The German DRG system is annually adapted to the changing services provided. For the further development, the self-governing body and its DRG Institute (InEK) depend on participation of the users. Methods: For one of the DRG evaluation projects initiated by DGGG, cost and performance data for the year 2011 from 16 hospitals were available. After plausibility checks and corrections, analyses for service and cost homogeneity were performed. In cases of inadequate DRG-representation attributes were sought that would make an appropriate reimbursement possible. Conspicuities and potential solutions were checked for clinical plausibility. Results: 44 concrete modification proposals for further development of the G-DRG system were formulated and submitted in due time to the InEK. In addition, 3 modification proposals were addressed to the German Institute for Medical Documentation and Information (Deutsches Institut für Medizinische Dokumentation und Information, DIMDI) for further development of the diagnosis classification ICD-10-GM. For all modification proposals care was taken to minimise misdirected incentives and to reduce the potential for disputes with the cost bearers and their auditors services in settlements. Discussion: The publication of the G-DRG system 2014 shows which modification proposals have been realised. Essentially, an appropriate redistribution of the resources among the gynaecological and obstetrics departments is to be expected. The financial pressure that is caused by the generally inadequate financing of hospitals will not be reduced by a further development of the G-DRG system.

Risk Factors for Endometriosis in a German Case-Control Study.

Objective: The etiology of endometriosis is still a research field in which few consistent data are available. Large case-control studies or even cohort studies are rare, and most of the published data are conflicting. The aim of the present study was therefore to examine common epidemiological and endometriosis-specific risk factors in a German case-control study. Design: From 2001 to 2010, a pool of 595 laparoscopically confirmed cases and 475 controls were recruited in a hospital-based setting. After matching for age, 298 cases and 300 controls remained in the pool. Age at menarche, menstrual cycle length, duration of menstrual bleeding, number of pregnancies, live births, miscarriages, use of contraceptive pills, body mass index (BMI), and smoking status were analyzed with logistic regression models predicting endometriosis case-control status. Results: Menstrual cycle length, duration of menstrual bleeding, number of pregnancies, number of miscarriages, and smoking status, as relevant predictors for endometriosis case-control status, were identified as risk factors for endometriosis. Other factors such as age at menarche, number of live births, ever having used contraceptive pills, and BMI were not predictive. Conclusions: This hospital-based case-control study reproduced most of the familiar risk factors. Comparison of this study with others reveals a wide variety of effect sizes and directions of association with risk factors and may increase the information available about the characteristics of the patient population being treated in the relevant hospital setting.

Higher incidence of linked malformations in siblings of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser-syndrome patients.

BACKGROUND: Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a malformation of the female genital tract (vaginal aplasia, rudimentary uterus, normal fallopian tubes and high ovaries). The incidence is one in 4000 female newborns. The aim of the present study was to record genital and associated malformations among siblings and relatives of MRKH patients in order to draw possible conclusions regarding the etiology of the syndrome: heredity (dominant versus recessive) or spontaneous malformation. METHODS: Using a standardized questionnaire, affected MRKH patients were asked about other cases of MRKH and/or associated malformations among siblings and relatives. RESULTS: No other cases of MRKH syndrome had occurred among the siblings or relatives of 73 MRKH patients; however, 13 associated malformations were recorded among a total of 103 siblings. Musculoskeletal malformations were markedly increased (3.27 times higher) in comparison with the prevalence of congenital malformations among newborns in the normal population. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that dominant inheritance cannot play a role in the etiology of MRKH syndrome, as no further cases of MRKH syndrome occurred among any of the siblings. The study provides support for the view that the syndrome has a multifactorial pathogenesis. Siblings/relatives of MRKH patients should be examined for associated musculoskeletal/urogenital malformations.

Evaluation of clinical parameters and estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms for patients with endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, which is especially found in women with subfertility problems with an incidence of up to 30%. The disease is considered an estrogen-dependent disorder, where DNA polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) in connection with endometriosis are controversially discussed. From a German population of women, clinical data associated with the disease, including the American Fertility Society (AFS) I-IV classification, and non-clinical parameters were evaluated statistically in endometriosis patients (n = 98) and in control women (n = 98) without endometriosis. Using a multivariate statistical analysis, significant associations of endometriosis with dysmenorrhea (P < 0.001) and allergies against medicaments (P = 0.042) were found. A positive trend between first grade family history of endometriosis and allergies against medicaments was also observed, suggesting a genetic relationship. From both collectives, DNA from peripheral blood was analyzed for the frequency of the ERalpha DNA polymorphisms Xba1 (A/G) and PvuII (T/C) in intron 1 and the ERalpha exonic DNA polymorphism (G229A) with an amino acid exchange (Gly77Ser) in the transactivation domain. DNA samples from endometriosis lesions and control tissues from the same collectives were also analyzed for the exonic G229A polymorphism. Only homozygote wild-type alleles for the polymorphism G229A were found, making it a rare polymorphism in mid-European individuals. Allele types for the PvuII and Xba1 polymorphisms were analyzed with the observed statistically significant clinical parameters and showed no significant association with endometriosis; however a trend with AFS IV was noted, which could contribute to lesion severity. In conclusion, the analyzed polymorphisms in the ERalpha do not have a functional role concerning specific clinical parameters associated with endometriosis.

Awareness of breast cancer incidence and risk factors among healthy women.

The efficacy of early breast cancer detection programmes seems to be mainly influenced by the awareness of breast cancer in general among healthy women. This study aimed to provide information about women's understanding of breast cancer incidence and risk of disease. Based on a newly developed questionnaire 2108 healthy women were asked about their knowledge and perceptions in relation to breast cancer incidence, risk factors, risk perception and level of concern. Of these women 78.8% were well aware of breast cancer in general terms. However, there were major aspects such as incidence or risk factors that were poorly understood. Only one-third correctly estimated the incidence of breast cancer; 95% understood breast cancer in the familial history as a risk factor, but only 57% understood the age risk; 37.1% of women perceived hormonal contraceptives and 35.9% hormonal replacement therapy as risk factors of breast cancer. The latter estimation was significantly higher in women above 40 years. Recommendations for the improvement of cancer prevention programmes include targeting understanding of lifetime risk of breast cancer, age as a risk factor, survival from breast cancer or hormonal factors. There is a need to separately address the perceptions of women depending on age, social status and educational levels.