ABSTRACT
El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las características de las encuestas de salud existentes en España hasta enero de 2012, tanto nacionales como autonómicas, las generales (ESG) y específicas o monográficas (ESM). En el caso de las EGS se describe también su metodología y contenido. Los responsables de las encuestas de salud general de las comunidades autónomas cumplimentaron el cuestionario de Eurostat de control de calidad de las encuestas europeas de salud (adaptado). La primera parte (11 preguntas) recogía información general sobre las Encuestas de Salud, tanto de las ESG como de las ESM. La segunda parte (109 preguntas) incluía las características metodológicas de las ESG más recientes. Los criterios de inclusión en este trabajo fueron: 1) ser de ámbito autonómico o supraautonómico. 2) Para la segunda parte fue requisito estar activa. Se identificaron 100 encuestas de salud de las que 16 eran ESG y 84 encuestas monográficas ESM. El 32 (38%) de las ESM eran de ámbito nacional y 52 (62%) autonómico. Las áreas más estudiadas fueron los hábitos alimentarios 21 ((25%), el consumo de drogas 10 (12%), la opinión 7 (9%), y la salud bucodental 7 ((9%). La máxima concentración de ESG se dio a partir del año 2000, con varias encuestas en campo simultáneamente (moda=3). 2 ESG nacionales y 9 ESG autonómicas cumplieron los criterios de inclusión para la segunda parte de este trabajo. Todas observaban la mayoría de los criterios de calidad habituales. Las ESG mostraron más semejanzas que diferencias en sus objetivos, métodos y contenido. Es necesario un esfuerzo coordinado de racionalización y homologación. La medición de actividad física, consumo de alcohol, calidad de vida y salud mental no está aun bien resuelta (AU)
To describe the evolution of health interview surveys in Spain (as of 01/01/2012), whether national or regional, its main characteristics and methodology, and in the case of general health surveys (GHIS), its contents. An adapted version of Eurostat quality control template European Health Interview Survey Technical and Methodological Report was filled in by those responsible for GHIS in each region (autonomous communities) and at the national level. The first part (11 questions) gathers general information about health surveys, both GHIS and surveys targeted to specific populations or health problems (SHIS). The second part (109 questions) asks about methodological characteristics of most recent GHIS. Inclusion criteria: 1) regional or supra-regional scope; 2) for the second part, GHIS currently active series. Quality control was performed using double data entry and validated by informants.100 HIS were identified. 16 were GHIS and 84 SHIS. 32 (38%) of the latter were national and 52 (62%) regional. Nutrition 21 (25%), drug use 10 (12%), opinion polls 7 (9%) and dental health 7 (9%) were the most frequent topics in SHIS. Highest GHIS density was reached after year 2000, with several surveys on field at a time (mode=3). 11 GHIS (2 national, 9 regional) met inclusion criteria for the second part.All complied with general quality benchmarks. Few differences were observed in content.GHIS show more similarities than differences in objectives, methods and content. Rationalization and harmonization are needed. Physical activity, alcohol consumption, quality of life and mental health instruments are not yet consensual. Valid and comparable data are required on health status and its determinants to inform health policy (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Surveys/instrumentation , Health Surveys/methods , Health Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Data Collection/instrumentation , Data Collection/methods , Data Collection , Health Surveys/standards , Health Surveys , Spain/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Computer Communication Networks/organization & administrationABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: To describe the evolution of health interview surveys in Spain (as of 01/01/2012), whether national or regional, its main characteristics and methodology, and in the case of general health surveys (GHIS), its contents. An adapted version of Eurostat quality control template European Health Interview Survey Technical and Methodological Report was filled in by those responsible for GHIS in each region (autonomous communities) and at the national level. The first part (11 questions) gathers general information about health surveys, both GHIS and surveys targeted to specific populations or health problems (SHIS). The second part (109 questions) asks about methodological characteristics of most recent GHIS. INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1) regional or supra-regional scope; 2) for the second part, GHIS currently active series. Quality control was performed using double data entry and validated by informants.100 HIS were identified. 16 were GHIS and 84 SHIS. 32 (38%) of the latter were national and 52 (62%) regional. Nutrition 21 (25%), drug use 10 (12%), opinion polls 7 (9%) and dental health 7 (9%) were the most frequent topics in SHIS. Highest GHIS density was reached after year 2000, with several surveys on field at a time (mode=3). 11 GHIS (2 national, 9 regional) met inclusion criteria for the second part. All complied with general quality benchmarks. Few differences were observed in content.GHIS show more similarities than differences in objectives, methods and content. Rationalization and harmonization are needed. Physical activity, alcohol consumption, quality of life and mental health instruments are not yet consensual. Valid and comparable data are required on health status and its determinants to inform health policy.
Subject(s)
Health Surveys/methods , Health Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Spain , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las características de las encuestas de salud existentes en España hasta enero de 2012, tanto nacionales como autonómicas, las generales (ESG) y específicas o monográficas (ESM). En el caso de las EGS se describe también su metodología y contenido. Los responsables de las encuestas de salud general de las comunidades autónomas cumplimentaron el cuestionario de Eurostat de control de calidad de las encuestas europeas de salud (adaptado). La primera parte (11 preguntas) recogía información general sobre las Encuestas de Salud, tanto de las ESG como de las ESM. La segunda parte (109 preguntas) incluía las características metodológicas de las ESG más recientes. Los criterios de inclusión en este trabajo fueron: 1) ser de ámbito autonómico o supraautonómico. 2) Para la segunda parte fue requisito estar activa. Se identificaron 100 encuestas de salud de las que 16 eran ESGy 84 encuestas monográficas ESM. El 32 (38%) de las ESM eran de ámbito nacional y 52 (62%) autonómico. Las áreas más estudiadas fueron los hábitos alimentarios 21 ((25%), el consumo de drogas 10 (12%), la opinión 7 (9%), y la salud bucodental 7 ((9%). La máxima concentración de ESG se dio a partir del año 2000, con varias encuestas en campo simultáneamente (moda=3). 2 ESG nacionales y 9 ESG autonómicas cumplieron los criterios de inclusión para la segunda parte de este trabajo. Todas observaban la mayoría de los criterios de calidad habituales. Las ESG mostraron más semejanzas que diferencias en sus objetivos, métodos y contenido. Es necesario un esfuerzo coordinado de racionalización y homologación. La medición de actividad física, consumo de alcohol, calidad de vida y salud mental no está aun bien resuelta (AU)
To describe the evolution of health interview surveys in Spain (as of 01/01/2012), whether national or regional, its main characteristics and methodology, and in the case of general health surveys (GHIS), its contents. An adapted version of Eurostat quality control template European Health Interview Survey Technical and Methodological Report was filled in by those responsible for GHIS in each region (autonomous communities) and at the national level. The first part (11 questions) gathers general information about health surveys, both GHIS and surveys targeted to specific populations or health problems (SHIS). The second part (109 questions) asks about methodological characteristics of most recent GHIS. Inclusion criteria: 1) regional or supra-regional scope; 2) for the second part, GHIS currently active series. Quality control was performed using double data entry and validated by informants.100 HIS were identified. 16 were GHIS and 84 SHIS. 32 (38%) of the latter were national and 52 (62%) regional. Nutrition 21 (25%), drug use 10 (12%), opinion polls 7 (9%) and dental health 7 (9%) were the most frequent topics in SHIS. Highest GHIS density was reached after year 2000, with several surveys on field at a time (mode=3). 11 GHIS (2 national, 9 regional) met inclusion criteria for the second part. All complied with general quality benchmarks. Few differences were observed in content.GHIS show more similarities than differences in objectives, methods and content. Rationalization and harmonization are needed. Physical activity, alcohol consumption, quality of life and mental health instruments are not yet consensual. Valid and comparable data are required on health status and its determinants to inform health policy (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Surveys/methods , Health Status , Epidemiological Monitoring/trends , Public Health/methods , Public Health/trends , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
We investigate a digital holographic microscope that permits us to modify the spatial coherence state of the sample illumination by changing the spot size of a laser beam on a rotating ground glass. Out-of-focus planes are refocused by digital holographic reconstruction with numerical implementation of the Kirchhoff-Fresnel integral. The partial coherence nature of the illumination reduces the coherent artifact noise with respect to fully coherent illumination. The investigated configuration allows the spatial coherence state to be changed without modifying the illumination level of the sample. The effect of the coherence state on the digital holographic reconstruction is theoretically and experimentally evaluated. We also show how multiple reflection interferences are limited by the use of reduced spatial coherent illumination.
