ABSTRACT
RESUMEN: Staphylococcus aureus es un patógeno importante responsable de una variedad de enfermedades infecciosas. La emergencia de cepas resistentes a la meticilina es un tema preocupante. Existen escasos estudios que hayan reportado la resistencia de cepas aisladas de la cavidad bucal. Determinar la sensibilidad antimicrobiana de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus aisladas de mucosa bucal de portadores asintomáticos jóvenes peruanos. Se incluyeron 64 individuos a quienes se tomaron muestras de mucosa oral, mucosa nasal y de manos. Las muestras fueron cultivadas en agar manitol salado. La prueba coagulasa fue empleada para confirmar la presencia de Staphylococcus aureus. Luego se realizó el antibiograma usando el método de Kirby-Bauer. La prevalencia de colonias positivas de S. aureus provenientes de la mucosa oral, mucosa nasal y de la palma de la mano fue 7,8 %, 15,6 % y 50,0 %, respectivamente. En todas las muestras, se observaron una prevalencia de sensibilidad menor de 40 % y 11 % a la eritromicina y penicilina, respectivamente. Las colonias de la mucosa oral mostraron resistencia a la penicilina. En todas las muestras, se observó una prevalencia de sensibilidad ³ 60% en amoxicilina/ácido clavulánico, co-trimoxazol, gentamicina, oxacilina, ciprofloxacino, vancomicina y ampicilina/sulbactam. Se encontró resistencia a vancomicina en un 10 - 20 % de todas las muestras. Se encontró una alta prevalencia en la sensibilidad a amoxicilina/ácido clavulánico, gentamicina, cotrimoxazol, oxacilina, ciprofloxacino y ampicilina/sulbactam. Se encontró un elevado porcentaje de resistencia a la vancomicina en muestras de mucosa oral en comparación a otros estudios.
ABSTRACT: Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen responsible for a variety of infectious diseases. The increase of resistant strains is an issue of concern. There are very few studies reporting the resistant strains isolated from oral cavity. Aim: To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from oral mucosa of Peruvian young healthy carriers. The study included 64 healthy individuals whose oral mucosa, nasal mucosa and hand swabs were collected and seeded in salt mannitol agar for primary isolation. Then, coagulase test was performed to confirm the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. After that, colonies of Staphylococcus aureus underwent antibiogram by using the Kirby Bauer method. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus positive strains isolated from oral mucosa, nasal mucosa, and hand, was 7.8 %, 15.6 %, 50.0 %, respectively. There was less than 40 % and 11 % of prevalence of susceptibility to erythromycin and penicillin, respectively, in the three studied samples. There was equal or more than 60% of prevalence of susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and ampicillin/sulbactam in all the studied samples. Vancomycin resistance was found in 10 - 20 % of all samples. A high prevalence in susceptibility to amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid, gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and ampicillin /sulbactam in healthy carriers was found. Vancomycin resistance percentage is higher than previous reports.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To identify proteins associated with the formation of Streptococcus gordonii and Fusobacterium nucleatum biofilms. Material and Methods: Biofilms composed of two bacterial species, S. gordonii and F. nucleatum, were cultured for 1, 4, 7, and 10 days. The presence of both species was confirmed via amplification of the srtA and radD genes using real-time PCR. The concentrations of proteins associated with the biofilms and individual species were quantified using Western blotting. Results: The protein profiles of S. gordonii and F. nucleatum from individual cultures determined using one-dimensional electrophoresis revealed proteins found in S. gordonii and in F. nucleatum. Ct and reciprocal Ct values were determined for the exposed S. gordonii and F. nucleatum biofilms. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein was detected in biofilms and F. nucleatum, whereas HSP40 protein was present only in biofilms after 7 and 10 days of formation. Conclusion: HSP40 was detected only in the formed biofilms; thus, HSP40 is an essential proteins for adhesion.
Subject(s)
Fusobacterium nucleatum/immunology , Biofilms , Genomics , Dental Plaque/etiology , Streptococcus gordonii/immunology , Peru , Blotting, Western/methods , Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (NADP+) , Electrophoresis/methods , HSP40 Heat-Shock ProteinsABSTRACT
AIM: Phytomedicine has been commonly practiced as a form of traditional medicine in various cultures for the treatment of oral diseases. Recently, it has gained importance as an alternative to conventional treatment. Several extracts of plants and fruits have been recently evaluated for their potential activity against microorganisms involved in the development of dental caries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and antiadherent effect of the crude organic extract (COE) and three partitions (aqueous, butanolic, and chloroformic) of Psidium guajava (guava) leaves on a cariogenic biofilm model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Guava leaves were obtained from the mountains of northern Peru, where they grow wild and free of pesticides. The antimicrobial activity of the COEs and partitions against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus gordonii was determined by measuring the inhibition halos, while the effect on biofilm adhesion was determined by measuring the optical density using spectrophotometry. RESULTS: An antibacterial effect of the COE and chloroformic partition against S. gordonii (p < 0.05) was found, as was a significant effect on biofilm adherence, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.78 mg/mL, which was maintained throughout the 7 days of evaluation. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the COEs and their chloroformic partition have antimicrobial and antibiotic effects against this strain of S. gordonii, making them of particular interest for evaluation as a promising alternative for the prevention of dental caries. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: By knowing the antimicrobial effect of Psidium guajava, this substance can be effectively used in products aimed to prevent dental caries and periodontal disease.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Dental Caries/drug therapy , Psidium , Biofilms , Humans , Peru , Plant LeavesABSTRACT
AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare the antifungal activity of three concentrations of a hydroethanolic extract of the Musa × paradisiaca peel against Candida albicans strain ATCC 10231. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The agar diffusion method was used, and the culture medium used was Sabouraud agar. Petri dishes were prepared with concentrations of 10, 30, and 50% of hydroethanolic extract of the M. × paradisiaca peel; nystatin was used as a positive control, and 96% ethanol was used as a negative control. After 24 hours of incubation, each plate was examined, and the diameters (mm) of the growth inhibition halos were measured around each well using a digital vernier caliper. RESULTS: The results showed that the antifungal activity of the extract varied, depending on the concentration, as shown using analysis of variance (ANOVA; p < 0.05). When comparing the different concentrations, it was found by Duncan test that the greatest activity was obtained at 50%. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the hydroethanolic extract of M. × paradisiaca at 50% exerted a greater antifungal effect on the strain of C. albicans than did the extract at lower concentrations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: By knowing the antimicrobial effect of M. × paradisiaca, this substance can be effectively used in products aimed to cure candidiasis infection.
