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1.
Int J Clin Pract ; 65(3): 361-71, 2011 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21314873

ABSTRACT

Increasing number of patients presenting for ophthalmic surgery are using oral anti-coagulant and anti-platelet therapy. The current practice of discontinuing these drugs preoperatively because of a presumed increased risk of bleeding may not be evidence-based and could pose a significant risk to the patient's health. To provide an evidence-based review on the peri-operative management of ophthalmic patients who are taking anti-thrombotic therapy. In addition, we briefly discuss the underlying conditions that necessitate the use of these drugs as well as management of the operative field in anti-coagulated patients. A semi-systematic review of literature was performed. The databases searched included MEDLINE, EMBASE, database of abstracts of reviews of effects (DARE), Cochrane controlled trial register and Cochrane systematic reviews. In addition, the bibliographies of the included papers were also scanned for evidence. The published data suggests that aspirin did not appear to increase the risk of serious postoperative bleeding in any type of ophthalmic surgery. Topical, sub-tenon, peri-bulbar and retrobulbar anaesthesia appear to be safe in patients on anti-thrombotic (warfarin and aspirin) therapy. Warfarin does not increase the risk of significant bleeding in most types of ophthalmic surgery when the INR was within the therapeutic range. Current evidence supports the continued use of aspirin and with some exceptions, warfarin in the peri-operative period. The risk of thrombosis-related complications on disruption of anticoagulation may be higher than the risk of significant bleeding by continuing its use for most types of ophthalmic surgery.


Subject(s)
Eye Diseases/surgery , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Intraoperative Care/methods , Blood Loss, Surgical , Hemostasis, Surgical , Humans , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Risk Factors , Thrombosis/etiology
2.
Orbit ; 24(2): 117-9, 2005 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16191800

ABSTRACT

We describe a patient with sight threatening thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) who was successfully treated with infliximab, an anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a antibody.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Eye Diseases/drug therapy , Graves Disease/complications , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors , Eye Diseases/etiology , Female , Humans , Infliximab , Middle Aged
4.
J Laryngol Otol ; 116(12): 1041-3, 2002 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12537619

ABSTRACT

It is common to see cholesterol granuloma in the mastoid air cells, less common in the orbit, and uncommon in the paranasal sinuses. Cholesterol granuloma is thought to be due to an interruption to normal aeration with impaired lymphatic drainage, resulting in a closed cavity where it may form. These expanding cysts cause bone destruction and compression of the surrounding structures that lead to clinical symptoms. Diagnosis and management of cholesterol granuloma cysts can be challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomographic (CT) scans are usually diagnostic. We present a rare case of cholesterol granuloma in the frontal sinus, few cases have been reported in the literature.


Subject(s)
Cholesterol , Frontal Sinus/pathology , Granuloma, Foreign-Body/pathology , Paranasal Sinus Diseases/pathology , Aged , Humans , Male , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
5.
Lancet ; 358(9286): 984-5, 2001 Sep 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11583755

ABSTRACT

Up to half of patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism have signs of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy, but the factors that cause this disorder are unknown. We investigated two major genetic susceptibility loci for Graves' disease in ophthalmopathy; the MHC class II region and the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4) gene. Allelic frequencies of these genes in patients with Graves' disease who did and did not have concurrent thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy did not differ, and are, therefore, unlikely to contribute to its development.


Subject(s)
Antigens, Differentiation/genetics , Genes, MHC Class II/genetics , Graves Disease/genetics , Immunoconjugates , Abatacept , Adult , Alleles , Antigens, CD , CTLA-4 Antigen , Case-Control Studies , Female , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Graves Disease/etiology , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Smoking/adverse effects
6.
Hosp Med ; 62(8): 477-9, 2001 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11530585

ABSTRACT

As the diversity of clinical applications for the botulinum neurotoxin continues to grow, exciting developments are occurring in its use around the eye, where indeed its benefits were first recognized. These include use to treat strabismus, eyelid disorders and a number of other ocular conditions.


Subject(s)
Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Eyelid Diseases/drug therapy , Strabismus/drug therapy , Blepharoptosis/drug therapy , Blepharospasm/drug therapy , Dry Eye Syndromes/drug therapy , Entropion/drug therapy , Facial Paralysis/drug therapy , Humans , Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases/drug therapy
9.
Orbit ; 18(2): 105-106, 1999 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12045993

ABSTRACT

Orbital involvement is frequent in generalised amyloidosis. However, primary localised amyloid in the orbit is rare and requires systemic investigation. We present a case with amyloid deposits localised to one extraocular muscle in whom systemic investigation has been negative.

10.
Br J Ophthalmol ; 81(8): 668-72, 1997 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9349155

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To present three patients with a syringomatous carcinoma (SC). SC is a rare cutaneous neoplasm, most frequently situated on the face and scalp and histologically characterised by an infiltrative pattern of basaloid or squamous cells, a desmoplastic stromal reaction, keratin filled cysts, and granular structures. METHODS: The clinical histories of the patients with a SC were investigated retrospectively. RESULTS: Patient 1 had a benign appearing tumour of the lower eyelid. Five tumour excisions were necessary to remove the SC completely. Patient 2 had a tumour on the lateral part of the lower eyelid and in the medial canthal area. The histopathological findings revealed a squamous cell carcinoma, later revised as a SC. In spite of two excisions and one microscopically controlled excision, a recurrence occurred. An exenteration orbitae was recommended. Patient 3, known to have a history of multiple malignant skin tumours after kidney transplantation and use of cyclosporin, presented with a firm mass in the eyebrow region and in the nasal area of the orbit. The pathological diagnosis of this adnexal tumour was difficult. An exenteration was recommended. CONCLUSIONS: SC is a benign appearing but extremely invasive, locally destructive, slowly growing adnexal tumour, derived from eccrine sweat glands. It is often mistaken, both clinically and microscopically, for other benign and malignant entities. The tumour recurrence is high due to extensive perineural invasion, but regional or distant metastases are rare. The local aggressive nature of the tumour and the high recurrence rate may necessitate mutilating procedures. Optimal treatment consists of a complete microscopically controlled surgical excision with clear surgical margins.


Subject(s)
Eyelid Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Orbital Neoplasms/pathology , Sweat Gland Neoplasms/pathology , Syringoma/pathology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies
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