[ROLE OF TGFß-INDUCTION AND GASTROINTESTINAL MYOFIBROBLASTS IN PATHOMORPHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC GASTRITIS IN PATIENTS WITH MARFAN SYNDROME AND MARFAN-LIKE STATES].

Aim: The aim was to explore the features of epithelial morphogenesis and reparation of gastric mucosa in chronic gastritis in patients with Marfan syndrome and Marfan -like states. Materials and methods: A histological evaluation and immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of antibodies against α-actin smooth muscle (α-SMA), collagen type III and transforming growth factor ß (TGFß) in the gastric mucosa in 50 patients with hereditary disorders of connective tissue between the ages of 17 to 41 years were performed. Results: In patients with Marfan syndrome and marfan-like states chronic gastritis was an unfavorable factor for the progression of the background atrophic and fibrotic processes in the gastric mucosa. It proved a key role disinhibited to TGFß activity-dependent activation of fibrogenesis of subepithelial myofibroblasts (α-SMA +) with the development of a special morphogenetic variants of early chronic atrophic multifocal gastritis at a young age.

Design and characteristics of holographic neural photo-stimulation systems.

Computer-generated holography is an emerging technology for stimulation of neuronal populations with light patterns. A holographic photo-stimulation system may be designed as a powerful research tool or a compact neural interface medical device, such as an optical retinal prosthesis. We present here an overview of the main design issues including the choice of holographic device, field-of-view, resolution, physical size, generation of two- and three-dimensional patterns and their diffraction efficiency, choice of algorithms and computational effort. The performance and characteristics of a holographic pattern stimulation system with kHz frame rates are demonstrated using experimental recordings from isolated retinas.