Complete genome sequence of Bradyrhizobium sp. 62B, a native nitrogen-fixing rhizobium isolated from peanut nodules.

We present the complete genome sequence of Bradyrhizobium sp. 62B, a strain isolated from the root nodules of peanut plants that grow in central Argentina. The genome consists of 8.15 Mbp, distributed into a chromosome of 7.29 Mbp and a plasmid of 0.86 Mbp.

Genome sequence of Mesorhizobium mediterraneum strain R31, a nitrogen-fixing rhizobium used as an inoculant for chickpea in Argentina.

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of Mesorhizobium mediterraneum R31, a rhizobial strain recommended and used as a commercial inoculant for chickpea in Argentina. The genome consists of 7.25 Mb, distributed into four circular replicons: a chromosome of 6.72 Mbp and three plasmids of 0.29, 0.17, and 0.07 Mbp.

Whole-Genome Sequence of Burkholderia ambifaria Strain Q53, a Potential Plant Growth Promoter Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Peanut.

We report the complete genome sequence of Burkholderia ambifaria strain Q53, an environmental rhizobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of peanut plants. The genome consists of 7.4 Mbp distributed into three circular chromosomes and was determined using a hybrid long- and short-read assembly approach.

Complete Genome Sequence of Mesorhizobium ciceri Strain R30, a Rhizobium Used as a Commercial Inoculant for Chickpea in Argentina.

We report the complete genome sequence of Mesorhizobium ciceri strain R30, a rhizobium strain recommended and used as a commercial inoculant for chickpea in Argentina. The genome consists of almost 7 Mb, distributed into two circular replicons: a chromosome of 6.49 Mb and a plasmid of 0.46 Mb.

On how to identify a seminal fluid protein: A response to Wigby et al.

The choice of criteria to delimit a group or class is a subjective matter, even though the reasoning, the objectives and the criteria themselves should always be clearly stated. This paper is part of a discussion about the criteria used to identify seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) in Drosophila species. SFPs are proteins that are transferred to females during copulation together with sperm. The only way to ascertain that a protein is an SFP is to prove that it is produced in a male reproductive organ and is found in the female reproductive tract after insemination. Nevertheless, the required methodology is labour-intensive and expensive, and therefore this kind of data is unlikely to be available for many species, precluding comparative and evolutionary studies on the subject. To conduct evolutionary analyses, in a previous study, we capitalized on the accumulated knowledge we have in the model species D. melanogaster to recommend a set of criteria for identifying candidate SFPs in other Drosophila species. Those criteria, based on transcriptomic evidence and in silico predictions from sequences, would allow a good balance between sensitivity (the inclusion of true SFPs) and specificity (the exclusion of false positives). In view of the criticism raised by another group, here we defend our criteria on one hand while accepting there is room for improvement on the other. The results are updated sets of criteria and SFPs that we believe can be useful in future evolutionary studies.

Complete Genome Sequence of Bradyrhizobium sp. Strain C-145, a Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizobacterium Used as a Peanut Inoculant in Argentina.

We present the complete genome sequence of Bradyrhizobium sp. strain C-145, one of the most widely used nitrogen-fixing rhizobacteria for inoculating peanut crops in Argentina. The genome consists of 9.53 Mbp in a single circular chromosome and was determined using a hybrid long- and short-read assembly approach.

Propagation of seminal toxins through binary expression gene drives could suppress populations.

Gene drives can be highly effective in controlling a target population by disrupting a female fertility gene. To spread across a population, these drives require that disrupted alleles be largely recessive so as not to impose too high of a fitness penalty. We argue that this restriction may be relaxed by using a double gene drive design to spread a split binary expression system. One drive carries a dominant lethal/toxic effector alone and the other a transactivator factor, without which the effector will not act. Only after the drives reach sufficiently high frequencies would individuals have the chance to inherit both system components and the effector be expressed. We explore through mathematical modeling the potential of this design to spread dominant lethal/toxic alleles and suppress populations. We show that this system could be implemented to spread engineered seminal proteins designed to kill females, making it highly effective against polyandrous populations.

Research gaps and new insights in the evolution of Drosophila seminal fluid proteins.

While the striking effects of seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) on females are fairly conserved among Diptera, most SFPs lack detectable homologues among the SFP repertoires of phylogenetically distant species. How such a rapidly changing proteome conserves functions across taxa is a fascinating question. However, this and other pivotal aspects of SFPs' evolution remain elusive because discoveries on these proteins have been mainly restricted to the model Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the inter-specific divergence of the SFP repertoire in Drosophila and compile the increasing amount of relevant genomic information from multiple species. Capitalizing on the accumulated knowledge in D. melanogaster, we present novel sets of high-confidence SFP candidates and transcription factors presumptively involved in regulating the expression of SFPs. We also address open questions by performing comparative genomic analyses that failed to support the existence of many conserved SFPs shared by most dipterans and indicated that gene co-option is the most frequent mechanism accounting for the origin of Drosophila SFP-coding genes. We hope our update establishes a starting point to integrate further data and thus widen the understanding of the intricate evolution of these proteins.

Partial growth hormone insensitivity and dysregulatory immune disease associated with de novo germline activating STAT3 mutations.

Germinal heterozygous activating STAT3 mutations represent a novel monogenic defect associated with multi-organ autoimmune disease and, in some cases, severe growth retardation. By using whole-exome sequencing, we identified two novel STAT3 mutations, p.E616del and p.C426R, in two unrelated pediatric patients with IGF-I deficiency and immune dysregulation. The functional analyses showed that both variants were gain-of-function (GOF), although they were not constitutively phosphorylated. They presented differences in their dephosphorylation kinetics and transcriptional activities under interleukin-6 stimulation. Both variants increased their transcriptional activities in response to growth hormone (GH) treatment. Nonetheless, STAT5b transcriptional activity was diminished in the presence of STAT3 GOF variants, suggesting a disruptive role of STAT3 GOF variants in the GH signaling pathway. This study highlights the broad clinical spectrum of patients presenting activating STAT3 mutations and explores the underlying molecular pathway responsible for this condition, suggesting that different mutations may drive increased activity by slightly different mechanisms.

A reference floral transcriptome of sexual and apomictic Paspalum notatum.

BACKGROUND: Paspalum notatum Flügge is a subtropical grass native to South America, which includes sexual diploid and apomictic polyploid biotypes. In the past decade, a number of apomixis-associated genes were discovered in this species through genetic mapping and differential expression surveys. However, the scarce information on Paspalum sequences available in public databanks limited annotations and functional predictions for these candidates. RESULTS: We used a long-read 454/Roche FLX+ sequencing strategy to produce robust reference transcriptome datasets from florets of sexual and apomictic Paspalum notatum genotypes and delivered a list of transcripts showing differential representation in both reproductive types. Raw data originated from floral samples collected from premeiosis to anthesis was assembled in three libraries: i) sexual (SEX), ii) apomictic (APO) and iii) global (SEX + APO). A group of physically-supported Paspalum mRNA and EST sequences matched with high level of confidence to both sexual and apomictic libraries. A preliminary trial allowed discovery of the whole set of putative alleles/paralogs corresponding to 23 previously identified apomixis-associated candidate genes. Moreover, a list of 3,732 transcripts and several co-expression and protein -protein interaction networks associated with apomixis were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the 454/Roche FLX+ transcriptome database will allow the detailed characterization of floral alleles/paralogs of apomixis candidate genes identified in prior and future work. Moreover, it was used to reveal additional candidate genes differentially represented in apomictic and sexual flowers. Gene ontology (GO) analyses of this set of transcripts indicated that the main molecular pathways altered in the apomictic genotype correspond to specific biological processes, like biotic and abiotic stress responses, growth, development, cell death and senescence. This data collection will be of interest to the plant reproduction research community and, particularly, to Paspalum breeding projects.

Draft Genome Sequence of Acinetobacter bereziniae HPC229, a Carbapenem-Resistant Clinical Strain from Argentina Harboring blaNDM-1.

We report here the draft genome sequence of an NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter bereziniae clinical strain, HPC229. This strain harbors both plasmid and chromosomal resistance determinants toward different ß-lactams and aminoglycosides as well as several types of multidrug efflux pumps, most likely representing an adaptation strategy for survival under different environments.

Human Microbiota of the Argentine Population- A Pilot Study.

The human microbiota is the collection of microorganisms living in or on the human body. An imbalance or dysbiosis in these microbial communities can be associated with a wide variety of human diseases (Petersen and Round, 2014; Pham and Lawley, 2014; Zaura et al., 2014). Moreover, when the microbiota of the same body sites is compared between different healthy individuals, specific microbial community features are apparent (Li et al., 2012; Yatsunenko et al., 2012; Oh et al., 2014; Relman, 2015). In addition, specific selective pressures are found at distinct body sites leading to different patterns in microbial community structure and composition (Costello et al., 2009; Consortium, 2012b; Zhou et al., 2013). Because of these natural variations, a comprehensive characterization of the healthy microbiota is critical for predicting alterations related to diseases. This characterization should be based on a broad healthy population over time, geography, and culture (Yatsunenko et al., 2012; Shetty et al., 2013; Leung et al., 2015; Ross et al., 2015). The study of healthy individuals representing different ages, cultural traditions, and ethnic origins will enable to understand how the associated microbiota varies between populations and respond to different lifestyles. It is important to address these natural variations in order to later detect variations related to disease.

Draft Whole-Genome Sequence of Serratia marcescens Strain RM66262, Isolated from a Patient with a Urinary Tract Infection.

Serratia marcescens strains are ubiquitous bacteria isolated from environmental niches and also constitute emergent nosocomial opportunistic pathogens. Here, we report on the draft genome sequence of S. marcescens strain RM66262, which was isolated from a patient with urinary tract infection in the Bacteriology Service of the Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina.

Draft Genome Sequence of Halomonas sp. KHS3, a Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon-Chemotactic Strain.

The draft genome sequence of Halomonas sp. KHS3, isolated from seawater from Mar del Plata harbor, is reported. This strain is able to grow using aromatic compounds as a carbon source and shows strong chemotactic response toward these substrates. Genes involved in motility, chemotaxis, and degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons were identified.

Genome Sequence of Bradyrhizobium japonicum E109, One of the Most Agronomically Used Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizobacteria in Argentina.

We present here the complete genome sequence of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain E109, one of the most used rhizobacteria for soybean inoculation in Argentina since the 1970s. The genome consists of a 9.22-Mbp single chromosome and contains several genes related to nitrogen fixation, phytohormone biosynthesis, and a rhizospheric lifestyle.

Whole genome sequencing reveals a de novo SHANK3 mutation in familial autism spectrum disorder.

INTRODUCTION: Clinical genomics promise to be especially suitable for the study of etiologically heterogeneous conditions such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Here we present three siblings with ASD where we evaluated the usefulness of Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) for the diagnostic approach to ASD. METHODS: We identified a family segregating ASD in three siblings with an unidentified cause. We performed WGS in the three probands and used a state-of-the-art comprehensive bioinformatic analysis pipeline and prioritized the identified variants located in genes likely to be related to ASD. We validated the finding by Sanger sequencing in the probands and their parents. RESULTS: Three male siblings presented a syndrome characterized by severe intellectual disability, absence of language, autism spectrum symptoms and epilepsy with negative family history for mental retardation, language disorders, ASD or other psychiatric disorders. We found germline mosaicism for a heterozygous deletion of a cytosine in the exon 21 of the SHANK3 gene, resulting in a missense sequence of 5 codons followed by a premature stop codon (NM_033517:c.3259_3259delC, p.Ser1088Profs*6). CONCLUSIONS: We reported an infrequent form of familial ASD where WGS proved useful in the clinic. We identified a mutation in SHANK3 that underscores its relevance in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Complete Genome Sequence of the Model Rhizosphere Strain Azospirillum brasilense Az39, Successfully Applied in Agriculture.

We present the complete genome sequence of Azospirillum brasilense Az39, isolated from wheat roots in the central region of Argentina and used as inoculant in extensive and intensive agriculture during the last four decades. The genome consists of 7.39 Mb, distributed in six replicons: one chromosome, three chromids, and two plasmids.

Draft Genome Sequence of the Novel Thermoacidophilic Archaeon Acidianus copahuensis Strain ALE1, Isolated from the Copahue Volcanic Area in Neuquen, Argentina.

Acidianus copahuensis is a recently characterized thermoacidophilic archaeon isolated from the Copahue volcanic area in Argentina. Here, we present its draft genome sequence, in which we found genes involved in key metabolic pathways for developing under Copahue's extreme environmental conditions, such as sulfur and iron oxidation, carbon fixation, and metal tolerance.

Draft Genome Sequence of the Polyextremophilic Halorubrum sp. Strain AJ67, Isolated from Hyperarsenic Lakes in the Argentinian Puna.

Halorubrum sp. strain AJ67, an extreme halophilic UV-resistant archaeon, was isolated from Laguna Antofalla in the Argentinian Puna. The draft genome sequence suggests the presence of potent enzyme candidates that are essential for survival under multiple environmental extreme conditions, such as high UV radiation, elevated salinity, and the presence of critical arsenic concentrations.

The complete nucleotide sequence of the carbapenem resistance-conferring conjugative plasmid pLD209 from a Pseudomonas putida clinical strain reveals a chimeric design formed by modules derived from both environmental and clinical bacteria.

The complete sequence of the carbapenem-resistance-conferring conjugative plasmid pLD209 from a Pseudomonas putida clinical strain is presented. pLD209 is formed by 3 well-defined regions: an adaptability module encompassing a Tn402-like class 1 integron of clinical origin containing blaVIM-2 and aacA4 gene cassettes, partitioning and transfer modules, and a replication module derived from plasmids of environmental bacteria. pLD209 is thus a mosaic of modules originating in both the clinical and environmental (nonclinical) microbiota.