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1.
Med. paliat ; 17(3): 156-160, mayo-jun. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-140121

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: revisar la bibliografía existente sobre la atención de pacientes no oncológicos al final de la vida con el fin de reflexionar sobre los puntos básicos para su atención por servicios de cuidados paliativos. Material y métodos: Revisión narrativa, focalizando en la situación actual de atención a pacientes no oncológicos en la fase final de su enfermedad, las necesidades de estos enfermos y las barreras para su seguimiento en servicios específicos de cuidados paliativos. Resultados: durante muchos años hemos tendido a identificar a los enfermos susceptibles de cuidados paliativos con pacientes con enfermedad oncológica avanzada. Sin embargo, el número de fallecimientos debidos a enfermedades no oncológicas susceptibles de recibir cuidados paliativos, fundamentalmente insuficiencias orgánicas y enfermedades neurodegenerativas, es mayor Que las debidas al cáncer. Las necesidades de los pacientes y sus familias son similares en los enfermos no oncológicoso. A pesar de ello, numerosos trabajos de investigación demuestran que estos pacientes reciben peores cuidados. Por tanto, teniendo en cuenta el principio de justicia, es una obligación ética potenciar la atención paliativa de los pacientes no oncológicos. Conclusiones: la implantación de unos cuidados paliativos de calidad en estos pacientes debe tener en cuenta lo aprendido respecto al desarrollo de estos cuidados en enfermos oncológicos. La aplicación de unos criterios de selección Que nos permita la adecuada inclusión de estos pacientes en los diferentes programas y servicios de cuidados paliativos resulta esencial para enfrentarse a las dificultades de atención en estos pacientes (AU)


Objective: to review the evidence about care at the end of life in patients with non-oncological disease in order to consider the key points in looking after these patients in palliative care units. Material and methods: a narrative review focusing on the current status of palliative care for non-oncological patients at the end of life, the needs of these patients, and the barriers to provide them with palliative care in specific palliative units. Results: for many years we have tended to identify patients in need of palliative care with patients with advanced oncological illness. However, the number of deaths due to non-oncological illness in patients entitled to receive palliative care, mainly organ failures and neurodegenerative illness, is higher than the number of deaths from cancer. We know that the needs of patients and their families are similar in non-oncological cases. In spite of this, many research works show that these patients receive poorer care. Thus, taking into account the principle of justice, it is an ethical obligation to promote palliative care in the setting of non oncological disease. Conclusions: the implementation of Quality palliative care in these patients must consider the knowledge acquired in the palliative care for cancer patients. The application of screening criteria to adequately include these patients in the various programs and palliative care services available is essential to tackle care challenges in this group (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Palliative Care/methods , Hospice Care/methods , Chronic Disease , Patient Selection , Survival Analysis , Neurodegenerative Diseases/epidemiology , Multiple Organ Failure/epidemiology , Health Care Rationing
2.
Med. paliat ; 17(3): 161-171, mayo-jun. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-140122

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: analizar la bibliografía existente para proponer un modelo de inclusión de pacientes no oncológicos en los distintos programas y servicios de cuidados paliativos. Material y métodos: revisión narrativa, focalizando en la bibliografía existente sobre criterios de enfermedad avanzada en insuficiencias orgánicas y enfermedades neurodegenerativas, criterios generales de supervivencia y criterios de complejidad a tener en cuenta para la identificación de pacientes susceptibles de seguimiento en programas o servicios específicos de cuidados paliativos. Resultados: la principal razón por la que los pacientes con insuficiencias orgánicas y enfermedades neurodegenerativas al final de la vida no se incluyen en los programas de cuidados paliativos es la dificultad para predecir la supervivencia. El pronóstico en estos enfermos probablemente nunca podrá ser tan preciso como en los pacientes oncológicos, pero puede ser suficiente para que algunos de ellos se beneficien de los programas de cuidados paliativos y mejoren los cuidados generales prestados en la fase final de sus enfermedades. La población diana debe definirse a partir de los criterios de enfermedad avanzada propios de cada patología. Posteriormente, para un determinado paciente, podrían aplicarse criterios generales de supervivencia y criterios de complejidad con unos estándares más o menos rigurosos dependiendo del programa o servicio de referencia de cuidados paliativos. Las preferencias del paciente sobre el tipo de seguimiento siempre deben ser tenidas en cuenta. Conclusiones: proponemos un algoritmo de inclusión de pacientes no oncológicos basado en los criterios específicos de enfermedad avanzada y finalmente definidos para cada programa y/o servicio de cuidados paliativos en función de criterios generales de supervivencia, criterios de complejidad y preferencias del propio paciente (AU)


Objectives: to analyze bibliography to propose a non-oncological patient inclusion model in various palliative care programs and services. Material and methods: a narrative review focused on available references on advanced disease criteria regarding organ failure and neurodegenerative disease, overall survival criteria, and complexity criteria to bear in mind in identifying patients susceptible of follow-up in specific palliative care programs or services. Results: the main reason why patients with organ failure and neurodegenerative disease at the end of life are not included in palliative care programs is their difficult-to-predict survival. Prognosis in these patients most probably will never be as accurate as in the case of oncological patients, but might suffice in some so that they may benefit from palliative care programs with improved general care at end-stage disease. The target population must be defined according to disease-specific advanced stage criteria. Then, for each given patient, general survival and complexity criteria may be applied using more or less rigorous criteria according to each specific palliative care program or service. Patient preferences on type of follow-up should always be taken into account. Conclusions: we propose an inclusion algorithm for non-oncological patients based on specific advanced disease criteria, finally defined for each palliative care program or service as a function of general survival criteria, complexity criteria, and patient preference (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Palliative Care/methods , Hospice Care/methods , Chronic Disease , Patient Selection , Health Care Rationing , Terminally Ill/statistics & numerical data , Survival Analysis , Proportional Hazards Models
3.
Med. paliat ; 15(5): 269-272, nov.-dic. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-60733

ABSTRACT

La fibrodisplasia osificante progresiva es una enfermedad muy poco frecuente del tejido conectivo caracterizada por formación heterotópica de hueso en el interior de tejidos blandos. Carece de tratamiento específico y se comporta como un proceso crónico, progresivo y altamente invalidante por producir anquilosis de las principales articulaciones del esqueleto axial y de los miembros, y en los estadios finales suele dar lugar a graves complicaciones cardiopulmonares por las deformidades que origina en la caja torácica. Presentamos el caso de una mujer afectada por esta enfermedad que fue tratada por nuestro equipo de soporte durante el ingreso hospitalario como ejemplo de una enfermedad rara subsidiaria de ser atendida, en estadios avanzados, mediante cuidados paliativos (AU)


Progressive ossifying fibrodysplasia is an uncommon connective tissue disease characterized by synthesis of heterotopic bone into the soft tissues. It has no specific treatment and develops as a chronic, progressive and very disabling condition that has many limitations because of anchylosis in limb and spine joints. Serious cardio-pulmonary complications occur in advanced stages secondary to deformities in the thoracic cavity. We report a case of a woman affected by this disease who was treated by our support care team during hospitalization as an example of a rare disease cared for in advanced stages according to a palliative care program (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Myositis Ossificans/therapy , Palliative Care/methods , Rare Diseases/therapy , Ankylosis/therapy
4.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 35(4): 237-239, jul. 2000.
Article in ES | IBECS | ID: ibc-7429

ABSTRACT

Se llama síndrome de Charles Bonnet a la aparición de alucinaciones visuales en pacientes con deprivación sensorial, en ausencia de otras enfermedades mentales. Presentamos aquí un caso de difícil manejo de este síndrome, y realizamos una revisión de la literatura reciente sobre el mismo, especialmente en los problemas diagnósticos y terapéuticos que plantea. No hay aún una definición comunmente aceptada de esta entidad, aunque empieza a existir acuerdo en algunos aspectos que exponemos. Además, el diagnóstico se realiza por exclusión de otras enfermedades psiquiátricas, neurológicas o sistémicas que puedan causar un cuadro similar. En cuanto al tratamiento, no hay ningún estudio sistemático en la literatura, sólo series muy cortas de casos: ningún medicamento parece más eficaz que los otros. Lo más importante podría ser intentar reducir la deprivación sensorial (AU)


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Hallucinations/etiology , Blindness/complications , Syndrome , Hallucinations/therapy , Hallucinations/diagnosis
5.
Arch Esp Urol ; 52(5): 440-50, 1999 Jun.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10427882

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The present study analyzes the main clinical types of urinary incontinence in the elderly population and its clinical-urodynamic correlation to facilitate definitive diagnosis. METHODS/RESULTS: The study was conducted in 948 elderly patients (382 male, 566 female; mean age 72.4 years) with urinary incontinence. Patient clinical and urodynamic records were reviewed. The most common clinical types were urge-incontinence (56.4%) and incontinence with coughing associated with urge-incontinence (32.3%); the latter type was the most common in women. The most frequent urodynamic diagnoses were isolated bladder instability (29.9%), followed by obstruction (15.6%) and stress incontinence (14%). CONCLUSIONS: The most common symptom in bladder instability was urge-incontinence, while incontinence with coughing was found to be the most common symptom in urinary stress incontinence. A significant correlation was found between the postvoid residual urine and the main urodynamic diagnoses. Multivariate analysis showed that classification by clinical types of incontinence together with measurement of residual urine can facilitate diagnosis, although this approach has a low sensitivity for the main forms of isolated incontinence. The mixed forms require a urodynamic study.


Subject(s)
Urinary Incontinence/classification , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Multivariate Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Urinary Bladder/physiopathology , Urinary Incontinence/diagnosis , Urinary Incontinence/physiopathology , Urination/physiology , Urodynamics
7.
Rev Clin Esp ; 191(8): 405-11, 1992 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1488512

ABSTRACT

Geriatric home care (GHC) can help elderly patients by providing comprehensive health care and avoiding prolonged hospital admissions. In this article we discuss our experience in this field. METHODS. From February 1990 to October 1991, 171 elderly patients have been followed periodically at their homes by our GHC team, formed by two geriatricians, a nurse, a social worker, an occupational therapist and a driver. RESULTS. Our patients were very old (81.3 +/- 77 years), had multiple medical problems and high levels of disability (48.6% had a katz ADL index worse than E). The frequency of hospital admissions was high (50% of the patients) but the total number of days in hospital was low (16.1 +/- 18.6 days for a 211.7 +/- 162.3 days of follow-up). Total mortality was 33.9%; 56.9% of them happened at home. CONCLUSIONS. Geriatric home care units can reduce long hospital stays of severely disabled or terminally ill elderly patients, and can provide adequate health care to this group at patients.


Subject(s)
Health Services for the Aged/statistics & numerical data , Home Care Services/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mortality , Survival Analysis
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