The frequency of complications in a cohort of patients diagnosed with hemophilia A and hemophilia B receiving prophylactic treatment in Colombia: A retrospective noninterventional study.

INTRODUCTION: Hemophilia A and B are disorders associated with the deficit of coagulation factors VIII and IX. OBJECTIVE: Was to determine the incidence of complications in a cohort of patients diagnosed with moderate and severe hemophilia A or B under treatment in a specialized institution. METHODS: A retrospective study of a cohort of patients with replacement therapy for hemophilia A or B, evaluating treatment and complications between January/2012 and July/2019. Sociodemographic, clinical and disease management-related variables were extracted from the medical records. Time to inhibitor development and rate associated with bleeding and hospitalizations were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 159 male patients were identified with hemophilia A (n = 140; 88.1%) and B (n = 19; 11.9%) with a mean follow-up of 5.9±2.3 years. The mean age was 23.6±16.1 years, hemophilia was reported as severe in 125 patients in hemophilia A (89.3%) and 13 patients in hemophilia B (68.4%). Primary prophylaxis was registered in 17.0% of patients, 44.7% secondary, and 38.3% tertiary, with recombinant factors (n = 84; 52.8%) followed by plasma derived factors (n = 75; 47.2%). The incidence of inhibitor development was 0.3 per 100 patients/year, with mean time to event of 509 days. The incidence of bleeding was 192 per 100 patients/year, especially at the joint (n = 99; 62.3%) and muscle (n = 25; 15.7%) level. The incidence of hospitalization was 3.7 per 100 patients/year. CONCLUSIONS: The most common complication was joint bleeding which was expected in this type of patients. Low proportion of patients developed factor inhibitors during the follow up.

Clinical Characteristics, Patterns of Use, and incidence of Adverse Events in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Oral Anticoagulants in Colombia.

Purpose: The aim was to analyze the characteristics, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes of Colombian patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) under treatment with oral anticoagulants (OAs). Patients and Methods: Retrospective cohort in patients with NVAF identified from a drug dispensing database, aged ≥18 years, with first prescription of an OA (index) between January/2013 and June/2018, and a follow-up until June/2019. Data from the clinical history, pharmacological variables, and outcomes were searched. International Classification of Diseases-10 codes were used to identify the patient sample and outcomes. Patients were followed until a general composite outcome of effectiveness (thrombotic events), bleeding/safety or persistence (switch/discontinuation of anticoagulant) events. Descriptive and multivariate analyzes (Cox regressions comparing warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants-DOACs) were carried out. Results: A total of 2076 patients with NVAF were included. The 57.0% of patients were women and the mean age was 73.3±10.4 years. Patients were followed for a mean of 2.3±1.6 years. 8.7% received warfarin before the index date. The most frequent OA was rivaroxaban (n=950; 45.8%), followed by warfarin (n=459; 22.1%) and apixaban (n=405; 19.5%). Hypertension was present in 87.5% and diabetes mellitus in 22.6%. The mean CHA2DS2-VASc Score was 3.6±1.5. The 71.0% (n=326/459) of the warfarin patients presented the general composite outcome, and 24.6% of those with DOACs (n=397/1617). The main effectiveness and safety outcomes were stroke (3.1%) and gastrointestinal bleeding (2.0%) respectively. There were no significant differences between patients with warfarin and DOACs regarding thrombotic events (HR: 1.28; 95% CI: 0.68-2.42), but warfarin was associated with higher bleeding/safety events (HR: 4.29; 95% CI: 2.82-6.52) and persistence events (HR: 4.51; 95% CI: 3.81 -5.33). Conclusion: The patients with NVAF in this study were mainly older adults with multiple comorbidities. Compared to warfarin, DOACs were found to be equally effective, but safer and had a lower probability of discontinuation or switch.

Cost Effectiveness of Tofacitinib for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Active Ulcerative Colitis in Colombia.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost effectiveness of tofacitinib versus other treatment options currently available in Colombia in naïve to biologics (first-line) and exposed to biologics (second-line) patients with moderate to severe active ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: A Markov model was constructed with 8-week cycles, simulating a cohort of patients in a 5-year time horizon. The health states included remission, treatment response, active UC, and colectomy. The transition probabilities for the induction and maintenance phase were obtained from a network meta-analysis, and effectiveness was measured using quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Unit costs were derived from official national sources. RESULTS: For first line, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per QALY was $883 for tofacitinib and $3619 for infliximab, compared with adalimumab. Sensitivity analysis showed that tofacitinib is cost effective in 45% of the iterations, adalimumab in 5%, and infliximab in 50%. Meanwhile, the ICER of adalimumab was $14,927 compared with tofacitinib in second-line treatment. In the sensitivity analysis, tofacitinib was cost effective in 64% of the iterations, followed by adalimumab in 36%. Infliximab and golimumab were not included due to data limitations in the network meta-analysis of second-line treatment. CONCLUSION: The analysis suggests that in Colombia, treatment with tofacitinib for patients with moderate-to-severe UC is a cost-effective option in both lines compared with other treatment options.

Treatment patterns and sequencing in patients with rheumatic diseases: a retrospective claims data analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Long-term real-world management of inflammatory rheumatic diseases remains unclear, especially with the advent of new treatment options. This study characterizes the number of advanced treatments used by patients with selected rheumatic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis [RA], psoriatic arthritis [PsA], ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis) and provides a contemporary portrait of treatment patterns and therapeutic sequencing among patients with RA and PsA. METHOD: Patients were selected from a large US claims database and classified into disease subsamples based on the latest rheumatic diagnosis recorded before/on the day of initiation of the first advanced treatment (index date). The total number of advanced treatments was assessed within the first 5 years following the index date. Treatment patterns and therapeutic sequencing were assessed over the first 2 years. RESULTS: Approximately 20% of patients received ≥2 distinct advanced treatments during the first year following index date - the proportion increased to almost 50% among patients with 5 years of observation. Most patients (RA: 76.8%; PsA: 88.7%) initiated a tumor necrosis factor as the first advanced treatment. Over the first 2 years after the index date, 1/3 of RA and PsA patients switched to another advanced treatment. More than 50% initiated a second treatment with the same mechanism of action (MOA). A small proportion of patients received a biosimilar. CONCLUSION: Despite advent of treatments with different MOA, cycling between treatments with the same MOA was common. Further studies with longer data follow-up would be needed to assess the impact of higher adoption of biosimilars on treatment patterns/sequencing.

Use of healthcare resources in a cohort of rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or tofacitinib.

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to describe the treatment patterns and use of healthcare resources in a cohort of Colombian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) or tofacitinib. METHOD: This is a descriptive study from a retrospective cohort of patients diagnosed with RA who were treated with bDMARDs or tofacitinib after failure of conventional DMARDs (cDMARDs) or first bDMARD. Patients who were receiving pharmacological treatment between 01 January 2014 and 30 June 2018 were included. The analysis is through the revision of claim database and electronical medical records. Demographic and clinical data were collected. The costs of healthcare resources were estimated from the billing expense of healthcare service provider. RESULTS: We evaluated 588 RA patients on treatment with bDMARDs (n = 505) or tofacitinib (n = 83), most of them were in combination with cDMARDs (85.4%). The 88.1% were females and mean age was 57.3 ± 12.5 years. The median evolution of RA since diagnosis was 9 years (IQR:4-17.2). The mean duration of use during follow-up of the bDMARDs or tofacitinib was similar, with a mean of 9.8 ± 1.9 months. It was identified that 394 (67.0%) discontinued therapy. The average annual direct cost of care per patient was USD 8997 ± 2172, where 97.2% was due to drug costs. The average annual cost of treatment per patient with bDMARDs was USD 8604 and tofacitinib was USD 6377. CONCLUSIONS: In the face of a first failure of cDMARD, bDMARDs are frequently added. A high frequency of patients do not persist treatment during the first year of follow-up. The pharmacological treatment is the most representative cause of healthcare costs. Key Points • Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease with a high burden of comorbidities, complications, and worse health-related quality of life and is associated with elevated healthcare costs. • The biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or tofacitinib medications are indicated for those with significant progression of the disease and when there is a need for alternatives to achieve low levels of activity and remission. • Patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or tofacitinib represent a significant economic burden to the health system, especially in the costs derived from pharmacological treatment.

Estimating the Impact of Switching from a Lower to Higher Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Colombia, Finland, and The Netherlands: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Widespread use of ten-valent (Synflorix™, GSK) or 13-valent (Prevenar 13™; Pfizer) conjugate vaccination programs has effectively reduced invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) globally. However, IPD caused by serotypes not contained within the respective vaccines continues to increase, notably serotypes 3, 6A, and 19A in countries using lower-valent vaccines. Our objective was to estimate the clinical and economic benefit of replacing PCV10 with PCV13 in Colombia, Finland, and The Netherlands. METHODS: Country-specific databases, supplemented with published and unpublished data, informed the historical incidence of pneumococcal disease as well as direct and indirect medical costs. A decision-analytic forecasting model was applied, and both costs and outcomes were discounted. The observed invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) trends from each country were used to forecast the future number of IPD cases given a PCV13 or PCV10 program. RESULTS: Over a 5-year time horizon, a switch to a PCV13 program was estimated to reduce overall IPD among 0-2 year olds by an incremental - 37.6% in Colombia, - 32.9% in Finland, and - 26% in The Netherlands, respectively, over PCV10. Adults > 65 years experienced a comparable incremental decrease in overall IPD in Colombia (- 32.2%), Finland (- 15%), and The Netherlands (- 3.7%). Serotypes 3, 6A, and 19A drove the incremental decrease in disease for PCV13 over PCV10 in both age groups. A PCV13 program was dominant in Colombia and Finland and cost-effective in The Netherlands at 1 × GDP per capita (€34,054/QALY). CONCLUSION: In Colombia, Finland, and The Netherlands, countries with diverse epidemiologic and population distributions, switching from a PCV10 to PCV13 program would significantly reduce the burden of IPD in all three countries in as few as 5 years.

Immunotherapy (oral and sublingual) for food allergy to fruits.

BACKGROUND: Food allergy is an abnormal immunological response following exposure (usually ingestion) to a food. Elimination of the allergen is the principle treatment for food allergy, including allergy to fruit. Accidental ingestion of allergenic foods can result in severe anaphylactic reactions. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) is a specific treatment, when the avoidance of allergenic foods is problematic. Recently, studies have been conducted on different types of immunotherapy for the treatment of food allergy, including oral (OIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy and safety of oral and sublingual immunotherapy in children and adults with food allergy to fruits, when compared with placebo or an elimination strategy. SEARCH METHODS: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and AMED were searched for published results along with trial registries and the Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine for grey literature. The date of the most recent search was July 2015. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing OIT or SLIT with placebo or an elimination diet were included. Participants were children or adults diagnosed with food allergy who presented immediate fruit reactions. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard methodological procedures expected by the Cochrane Collaboration. We assessed treatment effect through risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous outcomes. MAIN RESULTS: We identified two RCTs (N=89) eligible for inclusion. These RCTs addressed oral or sublingual immunotherapy, both in adults, with an allergy to apple or peach respectively. Both studies enrolled a small number of participants and used different methods to provide these differing types of immunotherapy. Both studies were judged to be at high risk of bias in at least one domain. Overall, the quality of evidence was judged to be very low due to the small number of studies and participants and possible bias. The studies were clinically heterogeneous and hence we did not pool the results. A study comparing SLIT with placebo for allergy to peach did not detect a significant difference between the number of patients desensitised at six months following a double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (RR 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49 to 2.74). The second study, comparing OIT versus no treatment for apple allergy, found an effect on desensitisation in favour of the intervention using an oral provocation test at eight months, but results were imprecise (RR 17.50, 95% CI 1.13 to 270.19). Neither study reported data on evidence of immunologic tolerance. In both studies, the incidence of mild and moderate adverse events was higher in the intervention groups than in the controls. In the study comparing SLIT with placebo, patients in the intervention group experienced significantly more local adverse reactions than participants in the control group (RR 3.21, 95% CI 1.51 to 6.82), though there was not a significant difference in the number of participants experiencing systemic adverse reactions (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.22 to 3.02). In the study of OIT, two of the 25 participants in the intervention group reported relevant side effects, whereas no participants in the control group reported relevant side effects. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence for using OIT or SLIT to treat allergy to fruit, specifically related to peach and apple. Mild or moderate adverse reactions were reported more frequently in people receiving OIT or SLIT. However, these reactions could be treated successfully with medications.

[Calciphylaxis, renal failure and gout. A patient with hyperuricemia as a risk factor for death]. / Calcifilaxis, insuficiencia renal y gota. Un paciente con hiperuricemia como factor de riesgo para morir.

BACKGROUND: gout is an inflammatory arthritis that frequently is associated with obesity, alcohol consumption, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia. The calciphylaxis is characterized by metastatic calcification to small and medium vessels. Both are associated independently with high mortality. When hyperuricemia and the calciphylaxis are present, the death risk is 80 %. CLINICAL CASE: a 51 year old man presented with clinical history of alcoholism and systemic arterial hypertension, and he developed limb ulcers, edema and uremic syndrome. Three week later, the patient died as a consequence of sepsis from Staphylococcus aureus. We emphasize the diagnostic approach of calciphylaxis, metabolic syndrome and comorbidities, cardiovascular and renal failure risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: the hyperuricemia is included in the metabolic syndrome, as the result of genetic and behavioral factors. It is recognized as a cardiovascular risk. For this reason we must consider it in the clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of diseases with high mortality.

Introducción: la gota es una artropatía inflamatoria que frecuentemente se asocia con obesidad, consumo de alcohol, hipertensión e hipertrigliceridemia. La calcifilaxis se caracteriza por la calcificación metastásica de los vasos de mediano y pequeño calibre. En forma independiente ambas se asocian con mortalidad elevada. Cuando la hiperuricemia y la calcifilaxis están presentes, el riesgo de muerte es de 80%. Caso clínico: hombre de 51 años de edad, con antecedentes de alcoholismo e hipertensión arterial sistémica, quien desarrolló úlceras en extremidades, edema generalizado y síndrome urémico. Tres semanas después de su ingreso falleció debido a sepsis ocasionada por Staphylococcus aureus. El diagnóstico fue calcifilaxis asociada con síndrome metabólico, comorbilidades, factores de riesgo cardiovascular y de insuficiencia renal. Conclusiones: la hiperuricemia es parte del complejo que conforma el síndrome metabólico, resultante de factores genéticos y ambientales. Se reconoce que es un factor asociado con la mortalidad cardiovascular, lo que obliga a considerar a la hiperuricemia en las guías de práctica clínica en la prevención y tratamiento de enfermedades con alta mortalidad debido a las complicaciones que se presentan.

Complicated diverticular colon disease in patients younger than 35 years: report of two cases and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Complicated colonic diverticular disease in young patients is a rare entity, with an incidence <10% from all patients in the largest series. CLINICAL CASES: We present two cases of complicated diverticular disease in patients <35 years old treated at the Hospital Juárez of México City. Both patients had acute abdominal pain with several days of evolution. In both patients, emergency surgery was performed and postoperative evolution was favorable. CONCLUSIONS: Some authors have concluded that diverticulitis in younger patients demonstrates a more aggressive course than in older patients and with an increased risk of complications. Therefore, most physicians recommended elective resection after a single attack in such patients. Conversely, some recent reports highlighted that the clinical course and complications are similar in both age groups.

Enfermedad diverticular del colón complicada en pacientes menores de 35 años: presentación de dos casos y revisión de la literatura / Complicated diverticular colon disease in patients younger than 35 years: report of two cases and literature review

Introducción: La enfermedad diverticular complicada del colon es rara en pacientes jóvenes, estimándose una incidencia menor a 10 % en las grandes series. Casos clínicos: Se describen dos pacientes menores de 35 años de edad con complicaciones de enfermedad diverticular, atendidos en el Hospital Juárez de México; ambos presentaron cuadro de abdomen agudo de pocos días de evolución y requirieron cirugía de urgencia, con buena evolución posoperatoria. Conclusiones: Algunos autores consideran que la diverticulitis en los pacientes jóvenes puede tener un comportamiento con más complicaciones que en lo mayores. Incluso se recomienda la resección electiva del segmento afectado después del primer episodio de diverticulitis. No obstante, informes recientes han señalado que el comportamiento de las complicaciones de la enfermedad diverticular puede ser el mismo en los pacientes jóvenes y en los de mayor edad.

BACKGROUND: Complicated colonic diverticular disease in young patients is a rare entity, with an incidence <10% from all patients in the largest series. CLINICAL CASES: We present two cases of complicated diverticular disease in patients <35 years old treated at the Hospital Juárez of México City. Both patients had acute abdominal pain with several days of evolution. In both patients, emergency surgery was performed and postoperative evolution was favorable. CONCLUSIONS: Some authors have concluded that diverticulitis in younger patients demonstrates a more aggressive course than in older patients and with an increased risk of complications. Therefore, most physicians recommended elective resection after a single attack in such patients. Conversely, some recent reports highlighted that the clinical course and complications are similar in both age groups.

[Postobstetric rectovaginal fistula: surgical treatment using endorectal advancement flap]. / Fístula rectovaginal posobstétrica: tratamiento quirúrgico mediante avance de colgajo endorrectal.

BACKGROUND: Rectovaginal fistulas account for <5% of all rectal fistulas. Obstetrical injuries are the most common cause of these types of fistulas. There have been a multitude of surgical approaches developed for operative repair. METHODS: Between January 1992 and December 2006, 16 patients with postobstetric rectovaginal fistula were treated at the Hospital Juárez of México. Age, type of obstetric trauma, time elapsed between delivery and beginning of symptoms, location, and size of the fistulas, rate of success and recurrence with the use of endorectal flap, and need for complementary sphincteroplasty were all evaluated. RESULTS: Median age of the patients was 25.6 years. All women reported that their symptoms began after a vaginal delivery that included an episiotomy or 4th degree laceration. All fistulas were low and small (<2.5 cm in diameter). Patients received bowel preparation and underwent rectovaginal repair using endorectal advancement flap. In two cases, additional overlap repair of the anal sphincter was performed. Result of repair was good to excellent in 15 patients (93.7%). There were no operative mortalities, and no covering stomas were used. CONCLUSIONS: Endorectal flap repair provides successful postobstetric rectovaginal fistula closure. Concomitant sphincteroplasty may be necessary in some cases.

Fístula rectovaginal posobstétrica: tratamiento quirúrgico mediante avance de colgajo endorrectal / Postobstetric rectovaginal fistula: surgical treatment using endorectal advancement flap

Introducción: Las fístulas rectovaginales ocurren con una frecuencia menor a 5 % respecto a otros tipos de fístulas de la región anorrectal; el trauma obstétrico es la causa más común de este tipo de fístulas. Existen diversos procedimientos quirúrgicos para la reparación de las mismas. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de 16 pacientes con diagnóstico de fístula rectovaginal posobtétrica, atendidas en el Hospital Juárez de México entre enero de 1992 y diciembre de 2006. Se analizó edad de las pacientes, tipo de trauma obstétrico, tiempo de inicio de la sintomatología después del parto, localización y tamaño de la fístula, índice de éxito y recidivas mediante el tratamiento con avance de colgajo endorrectal, y necesidad de esfinteroplastia complementaria. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 25.6 años. En todas las pacientes, la sintomatología inició después de un parto vaginal durante el cual se realizó episiotomía o hubo desgarro perineal. Todas las fístulas fueron menores de 2.5 cm de diámetro y de localización baja. Con el colon preparado, en todas las pacientes se reparó la fístula rectovaginal mediante avance de colgajo endorrectal. En dos pacientes se llevó acabo, además, esfinteroplastia del esfínter anal. Los resultados fueron satisfactorios en 15 pacientes (93.7 %); no hubo mortalidad operatoria y no fueron utilizados estomas de protección. Conclusiones: El colgajo endorrectal es un procedimiento seguro para la reparación de fístulas rectovaginales de origen posobstétrico, algunos casos pueden requerir esfinteroplastia del esfínter anal.

BACKGROUND: Rectovaginal fistulas account for <5% of all rectal fistulas. Obstetrical injuries are the most common cause of these types of fistulas. There have been a multitude of surgical approaches developed for operative repair. METHODS: Between January 1992 and December 2006, 16 patients with postobstetric rectovaginal fistula were treated at the Hospital Juárez of México. Age, type of obstetric trauma, time elapsed between delivery and beginning of symptoms, location, and size of the fistulas, rate of success and recurrence with the use of endorectal flap, and need for complementary sphincteroplasty were all evaluated. RESULTS: Median age of the patients was 25.6 years. All women reported that their symptoms began after a vaginal delivery that included an episiotomy or 4th degree laceration. All fistulas were low and small (<2.5 cm in diameter). Patients received bowel preparation and underwent rectovaginal repair using endorectal advancement flap. In two cases, additional overlap repair of the anal sphincter was performed. Result of repair was good to excellent in 15 patients (93.7%). There were no operative mortalities, and no covering stomas were used. CONCLUSIONS: Endorectal flap repair provides successful postobstetric rectovaginal fistula closure. Concomitant sphincteroplasty may be necessary in some cases.

Cistitis hemorrágica relacionada al trasplante de médula ósea: primer reporte de casos en el país / Hemorrhagic cystitis in bone marrow trasplant recipients: first report of cases in our country

Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia, características clínicas y complicaciones de la cistitis hemorrágica (CH). Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo sobre pacientes transplantados de médula ósea en la Unidad de Trasplante de Médula Ósea del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, desde noviembre 1994 hasta octubre 2003, y que desarrollaron cistitis hemorrágica. Resultados: En 9 años fueron transplantados 170 pacientes, desarrollando cistitis hemorrágica 8 de ellos (incidencia acumulada 4,7 por ciento). El cuadro clínico se caracterizó por disuria más hematuria macroscópica o microscópica. La presentación tardía fue la más frecuente. En 4 pacientes, la cistitis hemorrágica fue severa. Dos de los tres pacientes que desarrollaron el cuadro de cistitis hemorrágica en dos oportunidades, fallecieron. Conclusiones: La mitad de los pocos pacientes que desarrollan CH en la Unidad, lo hacen bajo la forma severa y, si presentan la CH por segunda vez, su pronóstico se complica.

Objective: To determine the incidence, clinical features and complications of bone marrow transplant-related hemorrhagic cystitis (HC). Material and Methods: Retrospective study of bone marrow transplant patients attended at the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital Bone Marrow Transplant Unit from November 1994 to October 2003 and who developed HC. Results: A total of 170 patients underwent hematopoietic cell transplantation. Eight patients developed HC with a cumulative incidence of 4,7 per cent, characterized by mainly late onset hematuria and dysuria. In 4 patients, the HC was severe. Two of the three patients who developed HC twice died. Conclusions: Half of the few patients with HC attended at the Unit developed serious disease and when they had HC for a second time the prognosis was fatal.

Perfil clínico de los pacientes VIH hospitalizados en la era HAART / Clinical profile of patients VIH hospitalized in era HAART

Para evaluar las hospitalizaciones de los pacientes infectados por el VIH en la era de la Terapia antirretroviral de gran actividad, se analizaron 507 admisiones de 288 pacientes infectados por el VIH ocurridos desde el 01 de Enero de 1999 al 30 de junio del 2003 en el Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima-Perú. Los pacientes tuvieron como edad promedio 41, 69 años y fueron generalmente varones heterosexuales. La mitad de las hospitalizaciones tuvieron un CD4<200 y el motivo de ingreso mas frecuente fue por causa respiratoria. Nuestros datos indican una persistente disminución de las hospitalizaciones desde 1999 hasta el primer semestre del año 2003, en los pacientes que no reciben TARGA. La reacción adversa medicamentosa a la terapia a pasado a ser el diagnóstico mas frecuente de admisión hospitalaria en pacientes que reciben TARGA. Los diferentes patrones de hospitalización pueden tener implicancias en el tratamiento futuro de los pacientes con infección por el VIH.

Enteroparasitos. Estudio de 1542 casos en el Hospital II Jaén. Enero 1996 a junio 1997 / Enteroparasitosis. Study of 1542 cases in the Hospital the IInd Jaen. January, 1996 to June, 1997

Se propone el uso de un protocolo para el manejo integral de las Enteroparasitosis, donde el equipo multidisciplinario abarca los tres niveles de atención en salud. Dicho instrumento es llevado a la práctica en el Hospital II Jaén- EsSalud capital de la provincia del mismo nombre, ubicado en la zona altitudinal denominado selva alta, donde no se conocía la real prevalencia de este problema. Se hizo exámenes coproparasitológicos seriados por tres a 2000 pacientes como muestra representativa encontrándose una prevalencia de 7 por ciento (1542). El grupo etáreo más afectado fue el pre escolar y escolar, además se estudio el cuadro clínico por enteroparásito encontrado, siendo la Giardia Lamblia el mas frecuente (52 por ciento), seguido de Ascaris lumbricoides (18 por ciento) y el tercer lugar Strongyloides stercolaris (10 por ciento). En el laboratorio la hemoglobina tuvo una media de 10.1gr por ciento. Se concluye que las enteroparasitosis han adquirido la forma de hiperendemia y que se necesitan medidas que afronten el problema en toda su magnitud.