Extensive Spinal Hemangioma Associated With Cutaneous Nevus in the Same Metamere: An Unusual Case of Paraplegia in the Peripartum Period.

Cavernous hemangiomas occur most commonly in the cerebral hemispheres but can involve any part of the neuroaxis, including the spine. Very rare cases of spinal angiomas are associated with a skin lesion in the same metameric segment. This condition, known as segmental neurovascular syndrome or Cobb syndrome, was first described in 1915. We report a rare case of segmental neurovascular syndrome with extensive cervical and thoracic lumbar involvement expressed as peripartum spinal cord compression syndrome. A 37-year-old female with a cutaneous nevus from the C7 dermatome to the L3 dermatome experienced pelvic limb paralysis 48 hours after giving birth to a healthy newborn by cesarean section. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an enhancing extensive epidural mass from C7 to T7 and subsequently from T10 to L3. Histopathology confirmed a spinal cavernous hemangioma. Although rare, segmental neurovascular syndrome must be considered in patients with cutaneous angioma and radiculopathy or myelopathy. Early diagnosis can lead to curative surgical treatment and more favorable outcomes.

[Interventionism in congenital heart disease in Chiapas. The history after thousand cases performed]. / El intervencionismo en cardiopatías congénitas en Chiapas. La historia luego de mil casos realizados.

Background: Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect and the leading cause of childhood mortality in high-income countries. In these countries, the prognosis for a child born with congenital heart disease is excellent, with over 90% achieving adulthood. However, in the low and lower-middle-income countries, as ours, the outlook is starkly different. In Chiapas, because of the progress of the hemodynamics program, more and more types of congenital heart diseases are susceptible to being treated by cardiac catheterization. Objective: To show the global experience of the interventionism in congenital heart diseases in Chiapas from its inception to recent days. Method: Through a retrospective study from April 2016 to June 2023, we reviewed the electronic files of the total of patients who underwent cardiac catheterism during the same period of time. Results: A total of 1000 procedures were performed, 581 in female patients, with a median age of 4 years (1 day to 77 years). Of the total procedures, 115 (11.5%) were diagnostic catheterizations and 885 (88.5%) were interventional. Conclusions: Cardiac catheterization in pediatrics in Chiapas has displaced cardiac surgery in a large percentage, and the results that have been obtained are undoubtedly encouraging, which already represents a decentralization in the care of congenital heart diseases in our country.

Antecedentes: Las cardiopatías congénitas son el defecto congénito más común y la primera causa de mortalidad infantil en los países de alto ingreso económico. En estos países, el pronóstico de los pacientes nacidos con estos defectos es excelente, llegando el 90% de ellos hasta la edad adulta. Sin embargo, en los países de mediano o bajo ingreso económico, como el nuestro, el pronóstico es completamente distinto. En el Estado de Chiapas, como resultado del avance del programa de hemodinamia, cada vez más tipos de cardiopatías congénitas son susceptibles de ser tratadas por cateterismo cardiaco. Objetivo: Mostrar la experiencia global actual de la hemodinamia en cardiopatías congénitas en Chiapas después de haber alcanzado los primeros 1000 casos realizados desde el inicio de nuestro programa. Método: A través de un estudio retrospectivo que abarcó de abril de 2016 a junio de 2023 revisamos los expedientes electrónicos del total de pacientes que fueron llevados a cateterismo cardiaco durante ese periodo. Resultados: Se realizaron un total de 1000 procedimientos, 581 en pacientes del sexo femenino, con una mediana de edad de 4 años (1 día a 77 años). Del total de los procedimientos, 115 (11.5%) fueron cateterismos diagnósticos y 885 (88.5%) intervencionistas. Conclusiones: El cateterismo cardiaco en cardiopatías congénitas en el Estado de Chiapas ha desplazado a la cirugía cardiaca en un amplio porcentaje, y los resultados obtenidos son sin duda alentadores, lo cual representa ya una descentralización en la atención de las cardiopatías congénitas en nuestro país.

Benign and Malignant Breast Tumor Classification in Ultrasound and Mammography Images via Fusion of Deep Learning and Handcraft Features.

Breast cancer is a disease that affects women in different countries around the world. The real cause of breast cancer is particularly challenging to determine, and early detection of the disease is necessary for reducing the death rate, due to the high risks associated with breast cancer. Treatment in the early period can increase the life expectancy and quality of life for women. CAD (Computer Aided Diagnostic) systems can perform the diagnosis of the benign and malignant lesions of breast cancer using technologies and tools based on image processing, helping specialist doctors to obtain a more precise point of view with fewer processes when making their diagnosis by giving a second opinion. This study presents a novel CAD system for automated breast cancer diagnosis. The proposed method consists of different stages. In the preprocessing stage, an image is segmented, and a mask of a lesion is obtained; during the next stage, the extraction of the deep learning features is performed by a CNN-specifically, DenseNet 201. Additionally, handcrafted features (Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG)-based, ULBP-based, perimeter area, area, eccentricity, and circularity) are obtained from an image. The designed hybrid system uses CNN architecture for extracting deep learning features, along with traditional methods which perform several handcraft features, following the medical properties of the disease with the purpose of later fusion via proposed statistical criteria. During the fusion stage, where deep learning and handcrafted features are analyzed, the genetic algorithms as well as mutual information selection algorithm, followed by several classifiers (XGBoost, AdaBoost, Multilayer perceptron (MLP)) based on stochastic measures, are applied to choose the most sensible information group among the features. In the experimental validation of two modalities of the CAD design, which performed two types of medical studies-mammography (MG) and ultrasound (US)-the databases mini-DDSM (Digital Database for Screening Mammography) and BUSI (Breast Ultrasound Images Dataset) were used. Novel CAD systems were evaluated and compared with recent state-of-the-art systems, demonstrating better performance in commonly used criteria, obtaining ACC of 97.6%, PRE of 98%, Recall of 98%, F1-Score of 98%, and IBA of 95% for the abovementioned datasets.

Explainable CAD System for Classification of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Based on a Robust White Blood Cell Segmentation.

Leukemia is a significant health challenge, with high incidence and mortality rates. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) has emerged as a promising approach. However, deep-learning methods suffer from the "black box problem", leading to unreliable diagnoses. This research proposes an Explainable AI (XAI) Leukemia classification method that addresses this issue by incorporating a robust White Blood Cell (WBC) nuclei segmentation as a hard attention mechanism. The segmentation of WBC is achieved by combining image processing and U-Net techniques, resulting in improved overall performance. The segmented images are fed into modified ResNet-50 models, where the MLP classifier, activation functions, and training scheme have been tested for leukemia subtype classification. Additionally, we add visual explainability and feature space analysis techniques to offer an interpretable classification. Our segmentation algorithm achieves an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 0.91, in six databases. Furthermore, the deep-learning classifier achieves an accuracy of 99.9% on testing. The Grad CAM methods and clustering space analysis confirm improved network focus when classifying segmented images compared to non-segmented images. Overall, the proposed visual explainable CAD system has the potential to assist physicians in diagnosing leukemia and improving patient outcomes.

Development of a Clinical Nursing Guide for Attending to Caregivers of Dementia Patients.

Health promotion and health education play an essential role in individual self-care, as recognized by U.S. nursing theoretician Virginia Henderson who posited that the nursing profession helps people-whether healthy or ill-carry out activities that contribute to their own health or recovery, gaining independence as soon as possible. A three-stage methodological study led to design of a practical guide for nursing personnel who care for the primary caregivers of patients with dementia in the Havana, Cuba municipality of Marianao. Of the 14 human needs described by Henderson, the study addressed five that were deemed relevant, based on the professional experience of the authors and according to these caregivers' own expressions, as well as the possibility of carrying out related community work in health promotion. From 2014 to 2018, Henderson's human needs were contextualized and linked to health promotion and mental health actions in a primary health-care setting.

Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi in Eight Blood Banks in Mexico.

BACKGROUND: The true prevalence of Chagas disease in Mexico is unknown. However, it has been estimated that 1.1-4 million people are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, which represents a potential risk for transmission of the disease via contaminated blood. AIM OF THE STUDY: To determine the Chagas disease seroprevalence in donors from eight blood banks in the north of Mexico City, and the northeast of the State of Mexico. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Serum samples from blood donors (n = 515,038) were tested to detect the presence of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in eight blood banks. The serologic screening test was performed in each of the blood banks. To confirm the seropositive blood donors, only two out of the eight blood banks used a test with a different principle with the aim of identifying anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies. All tests were validated by the Mexican Institute for Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference. RESULTS: One thousand two hundred and ten blood donors were seropositive for Trypanosoma cruzi, which represents a 0.23% seroprevalence (95% CI 0.22-0.25%). Of the seropositive blood donors, 97.03 % resided in the northeast area of the State of Mexico, Mexico City, and southern part of the State of Hidalgo. CONCLUSIONS: Active transmission of Chagas disease may be occurring in non-endemic regions in the northeast of the State of Mexico.

Despeckling of Ultrasound Images Using Block Matching and SVD in Sparse Representation.

This work proposes a novel scheme for speckle suppression on medical images acquired by ultrasound sensors. The proposed method is based on the block matching procedure by using mutual information as a similarity measure in grouping patches in a clustered area, originating a new despeckling method that integrates the statistical properties of an image and its texture for creating 3D groups in the BM3D scheme. For this purpose, the segmentation of ultrasound images is carried out considering superpixels and a variation of the local binary patterns algorithm to improve the performance of the block matching procedure. The 3D groups are modeled in terms of grouped tensors and despekled with singular value decomposition. Moreover, a variant of the bilateral filter is used as a post-processing step to recover and enhance edges' quality. Experimental results have demonstrated that the designed framework guarantees a good despeckling performance in ultrasound images according to the objective quality criteria commonly used in literature and via visual perception.

Partially open stent after balloon catheter iatrogenic perforation. How to solve this complication using a novel technique? The Mij-Her technique.

Complications related to pulmonary artery stenting are potentially life-threatening. We reported a novel technique of how to achieve the introduction of a partial dilated stent into a long sheath using a snare in the event of a iatrogenic perforation of a balloon catheter.There are no publications of similar techniques describing successful resolution of this type of complication.

Current outlook after 4 years since the beginning of interventional cardiology in congenital heart disease in Chiapas State / Panorama actual a 4 años del inicio de la cardiología intervencionista en cardiopatías congénitas en el Estado de Chiapas.

Introduction: As a result of technological advances, more and more types of congenital heart diseases are susceptible to being treated in the hemodynamic laboratory. The sum of more advanced imaging techniques as well as the development of a diversity of devices specially manufactured for use in children has allowed a better selection of patients and therefore that many of them can be corrected through cardiac catheterization or some patients with more complex congenital heart diseases require fewer surgical procedures or, if they do require them, that these may be of less complexity and risk. Objective: We decided to show the global experience of the interventionism in congenital heart diseases in Chiapas from its inception to recent days. Methods: Through a retrospective study from April 2016 to August 2020, we reviewed the electronic files of the total of patients who underwent cardiac catheterism during the same period of time. Results: A total of 510 procedures were performed, 300 in female patients, with a median age of 4 years (8 days - 77 years). Of the total procedures, 67 (13.1%) were diagnostic catheterizations and 443 (86.9%) were interventional. Conclusions: Cardiac catheterization in congenital heart disease in Chiapas has become a very valuable option with encouraging results which represents a possible decentralization in the care of congenital heart diseases in our country.

Introducción: Como resultado de avances tecnológicos, cada vez más tipos de cardiopatías congénitas son susceptibles a ser tratadas en el laboratorio de hemodinamia. La suma de técnicas de imagen más avanzadas, así como el desarrollo de una diversidad de dispositivos especialmente fabricados para su uso en niños ha permitido una mejor selección de pacientes y, por ende, que muchos de ellos pueden ser corregidos en su totalidad por medio de cateterismo cardiaco o bien que algunos pacientes con enfermedades cardiacas más complejas requieran menos procedimientos quirúrgicos o si los requieren, que estos sean de menor complejidad y riesgo. Objetivo: Decidimos mostrar la experiencia global de la hemodinamia en cardiopatías congénitas en Chiapas desde sus inicios hasta últimas fechas. Método: Mediante un estudio retrospectivo que abarcó de abril de 2016 a agosto de 2020 revisamos los expedientes electrónicos del total de pacientes que fueron llevados a cateterismo cardiaco durante ese periodo de tiempo. Resultados: Un total de 510 procedimientos fueron llevados a cabo, 300 en pacientes del sexo femenino, con una mediana de edad de 4 años (8 días - 77 años). Del total de procedimientos, 67 (13.1%) fueron cateterismos diagnósticos y 443 (86.9%) intervencionistas. Conclusión: El cateterismo cardiaco en cardiopatías congénitas en el Estado de Chiapas se ha convertido en una opción muy valiosa con resultados bastante alentadores, lo cual representa ya una posible descentralización en la atención de las cardiopatías congénitas en nuestro país.

Transcatheter Closure of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defects Using Different Generations of Amplatzer Devices: Multicenter Experience.

OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate safety and efficacy of using different generations of softer Amplatzer™ devices for ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure to avoid serious complications at follow-up. BACKGROUND: Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects (PmVSD) is a well-established procedure; however, it is associated with unacceptable incidence of complete heart block. Great advantages have been achieved by using softer devices for VSD transcatheter closure. The first and second generation of Amplatzer™ occluders (AVP II, ADO, and ADO II) seem to offer a safe and attractive alternative for this procedure. These devices can be delivered using either an arterial (retrograde) or venous (prograde) approach. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients with congenital PmVSD who underwent transcatheter closure using ADO, ADO II, and AVP II devices were included. Primary end point was to determine efficacy and safety of these generations of devices and to determine the incidence of complications at follow-up (complete AV block and aortic/tricuspid/mitral regurgitation). One hundred and nineteen patients underwent VSD closure at a median age of 5 years (8 months-54 years). During the catheterization, there were only minor complications and at follow-up of 36 ± 25.7 months (up to 99 months), the closure rate was high of 98.3% and freedom from AV block was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The use of softer Amplatzer™ devices is a good alternative to achieve PmVSD closure safely with no risk of AVB during the procedure or at midterm follow-up.

Percutaneous closure of an acquired and iatrogenic left ventricular-right atrium communication (Gerbode defect) with an Amplatzer Vascular Plug II.

Gerbode defect is defined as an abnormal left ventricle-right atrium shunting which may have congenital or acquired origin, first described by Thurman in 1838, representing 0.08% of intracardiac shunts and <1% of the congenital heart diseases. The acquired defect can be classified as iatrogenic or non-iatrogenic, with previous cardiac surgery being the most common cause. Gerbode defect is classified depending on its position with respect to the tricuspid valve in supravalvular, infravalvular, or intermediate. Our purpose was to report a rare case of an iatrogenic and acquired Gerbode defect in a 10-year-old male patient following surgical correction of a partial anomalous pulmonary venous return of the right pulmonary veins to the right atrium. The defect was successfully closed percutaneously with an Amplatzer™ Vascular Plug II device. Percutaneous closure of acquired Gerbode defects could be considered as a good option using soft devices to reduce the possibility of severe complications such as complete heart block due to the location of the defect. .

Multiple antibiotic resistances and virulence markers of uropathogenic Escherichia coli from Mexico.

Virulence and antibiotic resistance properties related to different Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups have not been studied in detail in Mexico. We aimed to identify patterns of virulence genes and multidrug resistance in phylogenetic groups of uropathogenic strains (UPEC). Strains of E. coli were isolated from outpatients with urinary tract infections (UTIs), who went to unit of the public health sector in the State of Mexico. E. coli virulence markers and phylogenetic groups were identified by PCR. Susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials was determined by Kirby-Bauer. E. coli was identified in 60.4% (n = 194) of the patients with UTIs. Phylogroups B2 51% (n = 99), A 13.4% (n = 26) and B1 10.3% (n = 20) were the most frequent. Resistance to three or up to eleven antibiotics was detected in most phylogroups (n = 188). The genes fimH (n = 146), feoB (n = 179), iutA (n = 178), sitA (n = 121), fyuA (n = 99), and traT (n = 142) were mainly detected in strains of phylogroups B2, A, B1, C, and D. Seventy-two patterns of virulence markers were distributed across eight E. coli phylogenetic groups. A high frequency of virulence markers and the multiple antibiotic resistance phenotypes was observed in the phylogroups. The genes of extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs) found with higher frequency among UPEC strains were blaTEM, blaSHV y blaCTX-M group 1, CIT (plasmid-mediated AmpC ß-lactamase), and blaOXA-like. In conclusion, our findings show the importance of surveillance, permanent monitoring, and particularly controlled prescription of antibiotics by physicians in the social security health system to reduce the spread of highly virulent UPEC strains that are resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents.

Planificación estratégica en el marco del proyecto de intervención para el perfeccionamiento del trabajo de la cátedra Universidad Virtual Fajardo / Planificación estratégica en el marco del proyecto de intervención para el perfeccionamiento del trabajo de la cátedra Universidad Virtual Fajardo

Se expusieron los resultados del ejercicio de planificación estratégica realizado en el marco del proyecto de intervención para el desarrollo del trabajo de la cátedra Universidad Virtual de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Comandante Manuel Fajardo(AU)

Results of strategic planning exercise, performed within the framework of intervention project for development of work of Virtual University cathedra in Manuel Fajardo Medical Sciences Faculty were showed(AU)

Planificación estratégica en el marco del proyecto de intervención para el perfeccionamiento del trabajo de la cátedra Universidad Virtual Fajardo / Strategic planning within the framework of intervention project for improvement of work in Fajardo Virtual University cathedra

Se expusieron los resultados del ejercicio de planificación estratégica realizado en el marco del proyecto de intervención para el desarrollo del trabajo de la cátedra Universidad Virtual de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Comandante Manuel Fajardo”.

Results of strategic planning exercise, performed within the framework of intervention project for development of work of Virtual University cathedra in “Manuel Fajardo” Medical Sciences Faculty were showed.

Índice modificado de baylor: experiencias de su uso en una unidad de cuidados intermedios quirúrgicos / Index modified of baylor: experiences of its use in a unit of surgical intermediate cares

Se realizó estudio observacional, de serie, prospectivo, en el ISMM Dr Luís Díaz Soto a pacientes con el diagnóstico de sangramiento digestivo alto (SDA) por úlcera péptica durante el periodo de un año con el objetivo de aplicar el Índice Modificado de Baylor (IMB) para identificar riesgo de resangrado durante su ingreso y el pronóstico. Se evaluaron 140 pacientes mayores de 15 años a los que se les constató hematemesis con o sin melena y se demostró a través de la endoscopia superior úlcera péptica duodenal responsable del sangrado. El riesgo mayor de mortalidad lo determinó el estado de choque inicial asociado a una edad mayor de 70 años, la necesidad de administrar 8 ó más paquetes de glóbulos y la operación después de las primeras 24 horas. Con el IMB se identificaron pacientes con riesgo de resangrado, lo que incrementó la morbilidad y la mortalidad. La utilización de este índice puede unificar criterios de conducta intervencionista temprana previa al resangrado

Caracterización del trauma craneoencefálico utilizando la escala de glasgow en un servicio de cuidados intermedios quirúrgicos / Characterization of the trauma craneoencefálico utilizing the scale of glasgow in a service of surgical intermediate cares

El estudio utilizó la Escala de Glasgow como guía para el manejo clínico de los traumatismos craneoencefálicos por ser de fácil aplicación y mantener vigencia para los pacientes con lesiones por traumatismo craneoencefálico. Se presentan como principal causa la ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas en la gran mayoría de los accidentes, la población afectada fue de 35 años, más baja que en otros estudios realizados para ambos sexos. Los pacientes accidentados con contusión y conmoción obtuvieron una puntuación de Escala de Glasgow entre 13 - 14. La mortalidad del Trauma craneoencefálico en el servicio de cuidados intermedios quirúrgicos no se relacionó con causas directas del ingreso. El tratamiento médico estandarizado de manitol, furosemida, fenitoína, analgésicos y antibióticos se utilizó desde el inicio en todos los ingresados al servicio de cuidados intermedios quirúrgicos

Evaluación de factores pronósticos y evolución en la pancreatitis aguda / Evaluation of prognostic factors and evolution in acute pancreatitis

Se analizó la aplicación de 3 indicadores de evaluación y pronóstico en la pancreatitis aguda en el Servicio de Cuidados Intermedios Quirúrgicos del Instituto Superior de Medicina Militar “Dr. Luis Díaz Soto”, durante los años 2000-2004, con el objetivo de evaluar el comportamiento de los índices de: Apache II, Ranson y Balthazar-Hill, que sirvieron para predecir cuál sería la evolución y el pronóstico de los casos al egreso. Se empleó el método de investigación-acción con un carácter descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se concluye que con indicadores de Apache II y Ranson de 6 o más puntos hubo un peor pronóstico y evolución, con la coincidencia en el aumento de la puntuación en aquellos pacientes que presentaron complicaciones y fallecieron durante la hospitalización(AU)

Evaluación de factores pronósticos y evolución en la pancreatitis aguda / Evaluation of prognostic factors and evolution in acute pancreatitis

Se analizó la aplicación de 3 indicadores de evaluación y pronóstico en la pancreatitis aguda en el Servicio de Cuidados Intermedios Quirúrgicos del Instituto Superior de Medicina Militar “Dr. Luis Díaz Soto”, durante los años 2000-2004, con el objetivo de evaluar el comportamiento de los índices de: Apache II, Ranson y Balthazar-Hill, que sirvieron para predecir cuál sería la evolución y el pronóstico de los casos al egreso. Se empleó el método de investigación-acción con un carácter descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se concluye que con indicadores de Apache II y Ranson de 6 o más puntos hubo un peor pronóstico y evolución, con la coincidencia en el aumento de la puntuación en aquellos pacientes que presentaron complicaciones y fallecieron durante la hospitalización

Reintervención abdominal en una unidad de cuidados intermedios quirúrgicos / Abdominal reoperation at an intermediate surgical care unit

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y longitudinal para evaluar el comportamiento de los pacientes a los que se les realizó reintervención abdominal (urgencia o electivos) en el periodo entre el 2001 y el 2003 que ingresaron en la Unidad de Cuidados Intermedios Quirúrgicos del Instituto Superior Medicina Militar “Dr Luis Díaz Soto”. Los datos recogidos incluían las variables: sexo, edad, diagnóstico operatorio, tipo de intervención, causas de la reintervención, causa de muerte. Se aplicaron pruebas de significación estadística (chi cuadrado) y medidas de tendencia central y dispersión (medias, promedio y desviación estándar). El universo de la muestra fue de 850 pacientes operados de abdomen de urgencia o electivos, de los cuales se reintervinieron 90, lo que constituye el 10,6 por ciento del universo de la muestra; se desglosó según sus causas en: 31 casos por dehiscencia de sutura, 40 por colecciones intrabdominales, 6 por oclusión intestinal mecánica y 13 por causas variadas. La cirugía urgente, el íleo paralítico, el dolor abdominal y los nuevos síntomas fueron los elementos clínicos más significativos estadísticamente (p < 0,05) para determinar la reintervención. La mortalidad fue del 20 por ciento; el shock séptico y el fallo múltiple de órganos constituyeron las principales causas de muerte. Muy útil resultó el índice de predictividad de reintervención (escala ARPI), que en la serie fue 100 por ciento efectiva. Se concluye que la incidencia de reintervención abdominal y los datos obtenidos en este trabajo se comportaron de forma similar a los informados en la literatura médica mundial, además una reintervención intrabdominal implica un elevado riesgo y mortalidad(AU)