ABSTRACT
The effect of carbamates on engorged female Rhipicephalus microplus ticks and larvae was evaluated using the adult immersion test (AIT) and the larval packet test (LPT), respectively. Seventeen synthetic carbamates different from current commercial acaricides were synthesised at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. None of the carbamates had an effect on the percentage of females laying eggs. Six of the compounds inhibited egg laying up to 65.4% and inhibited egg hatching by up to 100% (p<0.05). Compared to untreated females, eggs produced by treated females had a dark, dry, opaque appearance and were less adherent. Carbamates LQM 934 and LQM 938 had an effect on larval mortality (p<0.05). Carbamate LQM 934 showed lethal concentrations (LC) of LC90=0.76% and LC99=0.87%, while LQM 938 showed concentrations of LC90=0.267% and LC99=0.305%. The compounds were distributed into three classes of acaricidal activity using the AIT or the LPT. These three classes were as follows: (1) compounds having no apparent effect; (2) compounds that inhibit egg laying and embryo development or (3) compounds that exhibit acaricidal activity to larval ticks.
Subject(s)
Acaricides/pharmacology , Carbamates/pharmacology , Oviposition/drug effects , Rhipicephalus/drug effects , Animals , Female , Larva/drug effects , Larva/physiology , Mexico , Ovum/drug effects , Ovum/physiology , Rhipicephalus/growth & development , Rhipicephalus/physiologyABSTRACT
El reflujo gastroesofagico (RGE) es una de las entidades patologicas más frecuentes en la consulta medica general. Por lo tanto, el conocimiento de la entidad corresponde a todo aquel que tenga que ver con la profesion medica. Clinicamente pueden distinguirse dos tipos de RGE: fisiologico y patologico. La presente revision pretende analizar el manejo que actualmente se propone para el RGE de tipo patologico, haciendo enfasis en los metodos diagnosticos principales y en las alternativas quirurgicas de manejo.
