Actinomycete Potential as Biocontrol Agent of Phytopathogenic Fungi: Mechanisms, Source, and Applications.

Synthetic fungicides have been the main control of phytopathogenic fungi. However, they cause harm to humans, animals, and the environment, as well as generating resistance in phytopathogenic fungi. In the last few decades, the use of microorganisms as biocontrol agents of phytopathogenic fungi has been an alternative to synthetic fungicide application. Actinomycetes isolated from terrestrial, marine, wetland, saline, and endophyte environments have been used for phytopathogenic fungus biocontrol. At present, there is a need for searching new secondary compounds and metabolites of different isolation sources of actinomycetes; however, little information is available on those isolated from other environments as biocontrol agents in agriculture. Therefore, the objective of this review is to compare the antifungal activity and the main mechanisms of action in actinomycetes isolated from different environments and to describe recent achievements of their application in agriculture. Although actinomycetes have potential as biocontrol agents of phytopathogenic fungi, few studies of actinomycetes are available of those from marine, saline, and wetland environments, which have equal or greater potential as biocontrol agents than isolates of actinomycetes from terrestrial environments.

Whole lesion histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient predicts therapy response in locally advanced rectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Whole-tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis is relevant to predicting the neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (nCRT) response in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). AIM: To evaluate the performance of ADC histogram-derived parameters for predicting the outcomes of patients with LARC. METHODS: This is a single-center, retrospective study, which included 48 patients with LARC. All patients underwent a pre-treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan for primary tumor staging and a second restaging MRI for response evaluation. The sample was distributed as follows: 18 responder patients (R) and 30 non-responders (non-R). Eight parameters derived from the whole-lesion histogram analysis (ADCmean, skewness, kurtosis, and ADC10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th percentiles), as well as the ADCmean from the hot spot region of interest (ROI), were calculated for each patient before and after treatment. Then all data were compared between R and non-R using the Mann-Whitney U test. Two measures of diagnostic accuracy were applied: the receiver operating characteristic curve and the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). We also reported intra- and interobserver variability by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: Post-nCRT kurtosis, as well as post-nCRT skewness, were significantly lower in R than in non-R (both P < 0.001, respectively). We also found that, after treatment, R had a larger loss of both kurtosis and skewness than non-R (∆%kurtosis and ∆skewness, P < 0.001). Other parameters that demonstrated changes between groups were post-nCRT ADC10th, ∆%ADC10th, ∆%ADCmean, and ROI ∆%ADCmean. However, the best diagnostic performance was achieved by ∆%kurtosis at a threshold of 11.85% (Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.991, DOR = 376), followed by post-nCRT kurtosis = 0.78 × 10-3 mm2/s (AUC = 0.985, DOR = 375.3), ∆skewness = 0.16 (AUC = 0.885, DOR = 192.2) and post-nCRT skewness = 1.59 × 10-3 mm2/s (AUC = 0.815, DOR = 168.6). Finally, intraclass correlation coefficient analysis showed excellent intraobserver and interobserver agreement, ensuring the implementation of histogram analysis into routine clinical practice. CONCLUSION: Whole-tumor ADC histogram parameters, particularly kurtosis and skewness, are relevant biomarkers for predicting the nCRT response in LARC. Both parameters appear to be more reliable than ADCmean from one-slice ROI.

CuO-NPs Improve Biosynthesis of Bioactive Compounds in Lettuce.

The application of metallic nanoparticles improves the yield and content of bioactive compounds in plants. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of the foliar application of copper nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) in the yield and content of bioactive compounds in lettuce. Different concentrations of CuO-NPs (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 mg mL-1) were applied in lettuce. The yield, nutraceutical quality, and enzymatic activity were determined. Foliar spraying of CuO-NPs induced an increase in the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds. In addition to an increase in the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in lettuce plants, there were no negative effects on yield. Therefore, with the application of CuO-NPs, better quality lettuces are produced for the human diet due to the higher production of bioactive compounds.

Debaryomyces hansenii, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, and Ulvan as Biocontrol Agents of Fruit Rot Disease in Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.).

The indiscriminate use of synthetic fungicides has led to negative impact to human health and to the environment. Thus, we investigated the effects of postharvest biocontrol treatment with Debaryomyces hansenii, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, and a polysaccharide ulvan on fruit rot disease, storability, and antioxidant enzyme activity in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus). Each fruit was treated with (1) 1 × 106 cells mL-1 of D. hansenii, (2) 1 × 108 CFU mL-1 of S. rhizophila, (3) 5 g L-1 of ulvan, (4) 1 × 106 cells mL-1 of D. hansenii + 1 × 108 CFU mL-1 of S. rhizophila, (5) 1 × 108 CFU mL-1 of S. rhizophila + 5 g L-1 of ulvan, (6) 1 × 106 cells mL-1 of D. hansenii + 1 × 108 CFU mL-1 of S. rhizophila + 5 g L-1 of ulvan, (7) 1000 ppm of benomyl or sterile water (control). The fruits were air-dried for 2 h, and stored at 27 °C ± 1 °C and 85-90% relative humidity. The fruit rot disease was determined by estimating the disease incidence (%) and lesion diameter (mm), and the adhesion capacity of the biocontrol agents was observed via electron microscopy. Phytopathogen inoculation time before and after adding biocontrol agents were also recorded. Furthermore, the storability quality, weight loss (%), firmness (N), total soluble solids (%), and pH were quantified. The antioxidant enzymes including catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and phenylalanine ammonium lyase were determined. In conclusion, the mixed treatment containing D. hansenii, S. rhizophila, and ulvan delayed fruit rot disease, preserved fruit quality, and increased antioxidant activity. The combined treatment is a promising and effective biological control method to promote the shelf life of harvested muskmelon.

The apparent diffusion coefficient is a useful biomarker in predicting treatment response in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values achieve promising results in treatment response prediction in patients with several types of cancers. PURPOSE: To determine whether ADC values predict neoadjuvant chemoradiation treatment (nCRT) response in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-four patients with LARC who underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans before and after nCRT followed by delayed surgery were enrolled retrospectively. The sample was distributed as follows: responders (R), n = 8; and non-responders (Non-R), n = 36. Three markers of treatment response were considered: post-nCRT measures; ΔADC; and Δ%ADC. Statistical analysis included a Wilcoxon test, a Mann-Whitney U test, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis in order to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy for each ADC value marker to differentiate between R and Non-R. RESULTS: Both minimum and mean ADC values were significantly higher after nCRT in the R group, while non-significant differences between basal and control ADC values were found in the non-R group. In addition, ΔADC and Δ%ADC exhibited increased values after nCRT in R when compared with non-R. ROC analysis revealed the following diagnostic performance parameters: post-nCRT: ADCmin = 1.05 × 10-3 mm2/s (sensitivity 61.1% and specificity 66.7%), ADCmean = 1.50 × 10-3 mm2/s (sensitivity 72.2% and specificity 83.3%), ΔADC: ADCmin = 0.35 (sensitivity 66.7% and specificity 83.3%), ADCmean = 0.50 (sensitivity 72% and specificity 83%); and Δ%ADC: ADCmin = 44% (sensitivity 66.7% and specificity 83.3%) and ADCmean = 60% (sensitivity 83% and specificity 99%). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that post-treatment rectal tumor ADC values, as well changes between pre- and post-treatment values, may be biomarkers for predicting treatment response in patients with LARC who underwent nCRT.

The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on 3-T MRI differentiates myometrial invasion depth and histological grade in patients with endometrial cancer.

BACKGROUND: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement provides additional information about tumor microstructure with potential relevance for staging and predicting aggressive disease in patients with endometrial cancer (EC). PURPOSE: To determine whether ADC values in EC diverge according to the tumor's histologic grade and myometrial invasion depth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of 48 pathologically confirmed cases of EC were reviewed retrospectively. The sample was distributed as follows: G1 (n = 9); G2 (n = 18); G3 (n = 21); with myometrial invasion <50% (n = 31); and with myometrial invasion ≥50% (n = 17). DW images were performed at 3.0T with b factors of 0-1000/mm2. The region of interest (ROI) was defined within the tumor with T1-weighted and T2-weighted imaging and copied manually to an ADC map. The tumor's grade and myometrial invasion's depth were determined by postoperative histopathological tests. RESULTS: The means of ADCmin and ADCmean values were significantly lower for patients with G2 and G3 endometrial tumors than G1. The same tendency was observed in myometrial invasion, as both ADCmin and ADCmean values were lower for patients with deep than for those with superficial myometrial invasion. The cut-off values of the ADCmin and ADCmean that predicted high-grade tumors were 0.69 × 10-3 mm2/s and 0.82 × 10-3 mm2/s, respectively, while those for myometrial infiltration were 0.70 × 10-3 mm2/s (ADCmin) and 0.88 × 10-3 mm2/s (ADCmean). CONCLUSION: ADCmin and ADCmean values correlated with histologic tumor grade and myometrial invasion depth; therefore, it is suggested that ADC on MRI may be a useful indicator to predict malignancy of ECs.

Evaluation of Glycosyl-Hydrolases, Phosphatases, Esterases and Proteases as Potential Biomarker for NaCl-Stress Tolerance in Solanum lycopersicum L. Varieties.

Salinity stress limited the production in over 30% of irrigated crops and 7% of dryland agriculture worldwide. The objective was to evaluate the effects of NaCl-stress on the enzymatic activity in tomato. Two experiments were carried out in germination and early vegetative growth stages. The activity of proline and peroxidase of eight varieties (Missouri, Yaqui, Vita, Feroz, Rio Grande, Tropic, Ace, and Floradade) submitted to NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM de NaCl) and the semi-quantitative activity of 19 enzymes APY ZYM® were measured under a completely randomized design with four replications. Data were analyzed using univariate-multivariate analysis of variance, Tukey's HSD (p = 0.05), canonical discriminant and cluster analysis. The results showed significant differences between varieties and NaCl in proline content. Proline increased as the NaCl concentration increased. Peroxidase did no show significant differences. Eight enzymes were included within the model to properly classify the varieties and NaCl. In shoots, varieties and NaCl showed that enzymatic activity was higher in the order of alkaline-phosphatase > leucine arylamidase > acid phosphatase > naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase > n-acetyl-ß-glucosaminidase > ß-galactosidase, while in roots was higher in the order of alkaline-phosphatase > naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase > acid phosphatase > n-acetyl-ß-glucosaminidase. Acid and alkali phosphatase, lipase, esterase, ß-galactosidase, and trypsin can be a potential biomarker for NaCl-stress tolerance in tomato.

Foliar Aspersion of Salicylic Acid Improves Phenolic and Flavonoid Compounds, and Also the Fruit Yield in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.).

The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) on the yield and phytochemical content in hydroponically grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). (1) Background: The importance of Mexico's cucumber production is based on its cultivation in recent decades as one of the major winter crops; in addition, the production of vegetables under hydroponic systems has increased significantly during the last few years, with cucumber being one of the vegetables with a high economic potential. (2) Methods: A completely randomized experimental design with 15 repetitions was used. SA at five doses (0.075, 0.1, 0.15, 0.25, and 0.5 mM) and one control (distilled water) was sprinkled weekly on cucumber plants. The evaluated variables were yield (total fruit weight per plant), fruit parameters (length, size and firmness), and nutraceutical quality of cucumber. (3) Results: Low concentrations of SA improve the yield and high concentrations decrease it, but the nutraceutical quality of fruits is improved, as compared to the control treatment. (4) Conclusions: In order to obtain a higher content of bioactive compounds without affecting the yield and commercial quality of cucumber fruits, it is advisable to use the average concentration (0.15 mM) of SA.

Análisis bibliométrico de MEDICC Review. Período 2010-2015 / Bibliometric analysis of MEDICC Review. Period 2010-2015

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los estudios bibliométricos aplicados a las revistas científicas constituyen instrumentos que permiten evaluar su desempeño e impacto. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la producción científica de MEDICC Review en el período 2010-2015. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio bibliométrico descriptivo-retrospectivo. Las variables estudiadas fueron: total de números, total de artículos, citas, autocitas, promedio de citas por año, promedio de citas por artículos, promedio de citas por autores, promedio de citas por autores por año, promedio de artículos por autor, promedio de autores por artículo, índice h, índice g, índice h contemporáneo, índice h individual, índice h individual normalizado, índice AWCR, índice AW, índice AWCRpA, índice e, índice hm, índice h individual anual, amplitud H, amplitud G, tipología documental, afiliación de los autores, índice de Price, idioma de las referencias bibliográficas y SCImago Journal Rank. Se calcularon los indicadores cienciométricos mediante el software Harzing's Publish or Perish 5 tomando como base de datos el Google Académico. Se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS 22.0. RESULTADOS: Se publicaron 274 artículos (86 originales) con 4.728 referencias bibliográficas (80,6% en inglés); el promedio de referencias por artículo fue de 17,3. La revista posee un índice h de 6 y un índice g de 7. El índice de Price osciló entre 0,17 y 0,84, con un valor promedio de 0,45. Predominaron los artículos de autoría cubana. La correlación lineal del número de citas en los últimos 2 años fue de R=0,934 (p < 0,01). El SCImago Journal Rank mostró una regresión lineal de 0,862 (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONES: Los indicadores cienciométricos han aumentado significativamente y son comparables a los de otras revistas de alto impacto. Ello denota disciplina y seriedad en el trabajo editorial

INTRODUCTION: Bibliometric studies of scientific journals are tools that allow their production and impact to be evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the scientific production of MEDICC Review in the period 2010-2015. METHODS: A descriptive-retrospective bibliometric study was performed. The studied variables were: total of issues, total of articles, citations, self-citations, mean of citations per year, mean of citations per article, mean of citations per author, mean of citations per author per year, mean of number of articles per author, mean of number of authors per article, h index, g index, contemporary h index, individual h index, normalized individual h index, AWCR index, AW index, AWCRpA index, e index, hm index, annual individual h index, H coverage, G coverage, documental typology, authors affiliation, index of Price, languages of the bibliographical references, and SCImago Journal Rank. The scientiometric indicators were calculated using the Harzing's Publish or Perish 5 software, and taking Academic Google as database. The SPSS 22.0 statistical package SPSS was used. RESULTS: A total of 274 articles (86 originals) were published, with 4,728 bibliographical references (80.6% in English). The mean number of references per article was 17.3. The journal has an h index of 6, and a g index of 7. The index of Price varied between 0.17 and 0.84, with a mean of 0.45. The articles of Cuban authorship prevailed. The linear correlation of the number of citations in the last 2 years was R=0.934 (P<.01). The SCImago Journal Rank showed a linear regression of 0.862 (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: The scientometrics indicators have increased significantly, and are comparable with other high impact journals. This demonstrates discipline and seriousness in the editorial work

Análisis bibliométrico de los 100 artículos sobre ameloblastomas más citados. Período 2000-2016 / Bibliometric analysis of the one hundred most cited articles on ameloblastoma. Period 2000-2016

INTRODUCCIÓN: El análisis de las citas es un proceso bibliométrico que determina la influencia de un artículo en la comunidad científica. OBJETIVO: Analizar los 100 artículos sobre ameloblastomas más citados durante el período 2000-2016. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio bibliométrico empleando el Harzing's Publish or Perish 5 software y el paquete estadístico Minitab, Inc, 2010 versión 16.1.0. Las variables estudiadas fueron: nombre de la revista, citas, total de artículos, filiación de los autores, tipología documental, años de publicación, índice h, cantidad de autores y palabras clave. RESULTADOS: El número de citaciones de los artículos del top-100 osciló entre 195 y 31; el valor promedio para este indicador fue de 59,55 ± 34,12. El artículo más citado fue el Lau y Samman con 149 citas (12,42 citas por año). Los artículos del top-100 tienen un índice h de 45 y fueron publicados en 45 revistas científicas; la publicación con el mayor número de papers fue el Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery con 14. Existió predominio de autoría japonesa, artículos originales y papers escritos por 4 autores (n=32). Ameloblastoma, ameloblastin, desmoplastic ameloblastoma y enucleation fueron las palabras clave más empleadas. CONCLUSIONES: El artículo más citado se publicó en 2002 y trató sobre las recurrencias relacionadas con las modalidades de tratamiento del ameloblastoma uniquístico. Todos los artículos se publicaron en el período 2000-2014. Los artículos publicados en los años 2001, 2002 y 2006 recibieron el mayor número de citas

INTRODUCTION: Citation analysis is a bibliometric process that determines the influence of an article in the scientific community. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the one hundred most cited articles on ameloblastomas during the period 2000 -2016. METHOD: A bibliometric study was performed using Harzing's Publish or Perish 5 software and the statistical package Minitab, Inc, 2010 version 16.1.0. The studied variables were: journal name, citations, total articles, author affiliation, document type, year of publication, h index, number of authors, and key words. RESULTS: The number of citations of the one hundred most cited articles varied between 31 and 195, with the mean value for this indicator being 59.55 ± 34.12. The most cited article was Lau & Samman with 149 citations (12.42 citations per year). The one hundred most cited articles have an h index of 45, and were published in 45 scientific journals. The publication with the highest number of articles was the Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery with 14. There was a prevalence of Japanese authorship, original articles and papers written by 4 authors (n=32). Ameloblastoma, ameloblastin, desmoplastic ameloblastoma, and enucleation were the most employed key words. CONCLUSIONS: The most cited article was published in the 2002, and it was about the recurrences related to treatment approaches to unicystic ameloblastoma. All the articles were published in the period 2000-2014. The articles published in the years 2001, 2002, and 2006 received the highest number of citations

Aproximación cienciométrica a la producción científica de MediSur / Scientometric approach to scientific MediSur production

Fundamento: los análisis cienciométricos aplicados a las revistas científicas constituyen instrumentos que permiten evaluar el desempeño e impacto de las mismas.Objetivo: evaluar la producción científica de MediSur en el período 2003-2016.Métodos: se realizó un estudio cienciométrico sobre la producción científica de la publicación. Se estudiaron las siguientes variables: años de publicación, total de artículos, citas, promedio de citas por año, promedio de citas por artículos, promedio de citas por autores, promedio de citas por autores por año, promedio de artículos por autor, número de autores por artículo, promedio de autores por artículo, índice h, índice h5, mediana h5, índice g, índice h contemporáneo (hc), índice h individual (hI), índice hI normalizado, índice AWCR, índice AW, índice AWCRpA, índice e, índice hm, índice hI anual, amplitud h, amplitud g e indexación. Se calcularon los indicadores cienciométricos mediante el software Harzing's Publish or Perish versión 5, tomando como base de datos el Google Académico. Resultados: la revista ha recibido 2509 citas con un promedio de 179,21 citas por año y posee un h de 19 y un índice g de 34. Se analizaron 1000 artículos publicados con un promedio de 447, 42 artículos por autor y de 2,80 autores por artículos; el artículo más citado obtuvo 368 citas. Conclusiones: MediSur posee indicadores cienciométricos comparables con otras revistas de alto impacto científico. El artículo más citado estuvo relacionado con el método clínico.

Foundation: scientometric analyzes applied to scientific journals are instruments that allow evaluating their performance and impact. Objective: to evaluate the MediSur scientific production in the period 2003-2016. Methods: a scienciometric study was carried out on Medisur scientific production. The following variables were studied: publication years, total articles, citations, average citations per year, average citations by articles, average citations by authors, average citations by authors per year, average articles by author, number of citations by author (Hc), h h index, hI index, hI normalized index, AWCR index, AW index, AWCRpA index, index E, index hm, annual hI index, amplitude h, amplitude and indexation. Scientometric indicators were calculated using Harzing's Publish or Perish version 5 software, based on Academic Google. Results: the journal received 2509 citations with an average of 179.21 citations per year and has a h of 19 and a g of 34. 1000 published articles were analyzed with an average of 447, 42 articles per author and 2, 80 authors by articles; the most cited article obtained 368 citations.Conclusions: MediSur has scientiometric indicators comparable to other journals of high scientific impact. The most cited article was related to the clinical method.

Limitantes de la producción científica estudiantil / Limitations of the scientific student production

Durante el proceso de formación de los estudiantes de las Ciencias de la Salud el desarrollo de sus habilidades científicas es tan importante como el de sus habilidades clínicas, pues el conocimiento del método científico y su aplicación durante las acciones de investigación resulta medular en la labor asistencial. Por lo tanto, la investigación y la publicación científicas constituyen aspectos relevantes en la formación de un estudiante, pues le permitirán practicar eficientemente la medicina basada en la evidencia. En este sentido, el eslabón final del proceso científico constituye la publicación de los resultados emanados del mismo en una revista, proceso en ocasiones muy engorroso y limitado. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo explicar algunas consideraciones teóricas sobre las limitantes de la producción científica estudiantil

The development of its scientific abilities during medical student educational processes is as important as that of its clinical abilities, as knowledge of the scientific method and its application during research is fundamental in health care work. Therefore, research and scientific publication constitute outstanding aspects in student training, as they will enable them to practice evidence-based medicine efficiently. In this sense, the final link in the scientific process constitutes the publication of the results obtained in a journal, an occasionally very complicated and restricted process. The present study has as its objective to explain some theoretical considerations on the limitations of the scientific student production

La formación bioética del futuro profesional de estomatología en la universidad médica cubana / The bioethical formation of the future professional of dentistry in the Cuban medical university

En el contexto social cubano, la actividad laboral les plantea a los profesionales de la estomatología requisitos morales elevados. El currículo docente de dicha carrera dota a este profesional de la salud de las herramientas teóricas y prácticas; no obstante, resulta necesario potenciar el desarrollo de buenas prácticas de atención estomatológica en vínculo con una elevada sensibilidad humana, lo cual demanda de un proceso formativo comprometido y responsable enfocado en este sentido desde el punto de vista bioético. La presente investigación, tuvo como propósito describir los posicionamientos teóricos sobre la formación bioética del futuro profesional de estomatología en la universidad médica cubana. Desde una lógica integradora que señala a la bioética como un componente medular en la formación del futuro profesional de estomatología, se concluye que aún resulta insuficiente el componente bioético en la formación de los futuros profesionales de estomatología, cuestión de vital trascendencia en la solución de problemas del complejo buco-facial, razón que argumenta la incuestionabilidad de su enseñanza y aprendizaje dentro de la estomatología(AU)

In the Cuban social context, the work activity poses to the professionals of the stomatology high moral requirements. The teaching curriculum of this career gives this health professional the theoretical and practical tools; however, it is necessary to promote the development of good practices of stomatological attention in connection with a high human sensitivity, which demands a committed and responsible formative process focused in this sense from the bioethical point of view. The present research aimed to describe the theoretical positions on the bioethical formation of the future professional of stomatology in the Cuban medical university. From an integrative logic that points to bioethics as a core component in the future professional development of stomatology, it is concluded that the bioethical component in the training of future stomatology professionals is still insufficient, a matter of vital importance in solving problems of the complex buco-facial, reason that argues the unquestionability of its teaching and learning within the stomatology(EU)

La formación axiológica en los profesionales cubanos de la salud: una mirada hacia la universidad / The axiological formation in the cuban professionals of the health: a look toward the university

Introducción: la educación en valores de las nuevas generaciones de profesionales cubanos de la salud constituye un imperativo ante los dilemas que impone el mundo actual.Objetivo: el presente manuscrito tiene como objetivo exponer algunas consideraciones teóricas sobre la formación axiológica de los profesionales cubanos de las Ciencias Médicas. Material y Métodos: se emplearon los métodos análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción y se recopiló la información a través del empleo del motor de búsqueda Google. Desarrollo: para los profesionales cubanos de la salud la formación en valores fomentada desde sus etapas como estudiantes universitarios se erige en una poderosa herramienta que les posibilitará demostrar competencia en su desempeño y una actuación ciudadana digna de los más altos valores morales. Conclusiones: la formación axiológica supone el compromiso de la Institución, los profesores y de toda la comunidad educativa, así como el papel activo del estudiante como sujeto de su propia formación(AU)

Introduction: the education in values of the new generations of Cuban professionals of the health constitutes an imperative before the dilemmas that it imposes the current world. Objective: the handwritten presented has as objective to expose some theoretical considerations about the axiological formation of the Cuban professionals of the medical sciences. Material and Methods: the methods analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction were used and the information was compiled through using Google search tool. Development: for the Cuban professionals of the health the formation in values fomented from its stages like university students is erected in a powerful tool that will facilitate them to demonstrate competition in its acting and a civic performance worthy of the moral highest values. Conclusions: the axiological formation supposes the commitment of the institution, of the professors and of the whole educational community, as well as the student's active paper as subject of its own formation(AU)