ABSTRACT
Introduction: Contraception has played a central role in much of human history. Since the separation of reproduction from sexuality, in addition to preventing sexually transmitted diseases, contraceptive methods have been used as a tool for birth control, varying in their presentation throughout history, influenced by socio-economic and cultural processes. Method: A narrative review was conducted in the biomedical databases: Scielo, Pubmed, Dialnet, CUIDEN and Google Scholar. The literature search was conducted between August and December 2021. Results: Initial search strategies identified a total of 48247 articles. Once exclusion criteria were applied, 19 journal articles (6 in Scielo, 3 in Pubmed, 2 in Dialnet, 2 in CUIDEN, and 6 in Google Scholar) and 2 books were selected. Conclusions: The resources and culture of society have conditioned sexuality and reproduction in each historical moment. In the 20th century, the struggle for women's rights and freedom over birth control began, thus implementing family planning, which has since provided information about contraceptive methods and facilitated free and confidential access to them.(AU)
Introducción: La anticoncepción ha sido protagonista de gran parte de la historia del ser humano. Desde que se separó la reproducción de la sexualidad, además de para prevenir enfermedades de transmisión sexual, los métodos anticonceptivos han sido utilizados como herramienta de control de natalidad, variando su presentación a lo largo de la historia, influenciada por procesos socioeconómicos y culturales. Método: Se realizó una revisión narrativa en las bases de datos biomédicas: Scielo, Pubmed, Dialnet, CUIDEN y Google Scholar. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó entre los meses de Agosto y Diciembre de 2021. Resultados: Las estrategias de búsqueda iniciales identificaron un total de 48247 artículos. Una vez aplicados los criterios de exclusión, se seleccionaron 19 artículos de revista (6 en Scielo, 3 en Pubmed, 2 en Dialnet, 2 en CUIDEN y 6 en Google Scholar) y 2 libros. Conclusiones: Los recursos y la cultura de la sociedad han sido condicionantes de la sexualidad y la reproducción en cada momento histórico. En el s.XX se inició la lucha por el derecho y libertad de la mujer sobre el control de la natalidad, implementándose así la planificación familiar, que, desde entonces, proporciona información sobre los métodos anticonceptivos y facilita su acceso de forma libre y confidencial.(AU)
Introdução: A contracepção tem desempenhado um papel central em grande parte da história humana. Desde a separação da reprodução da sexualidade, para além da prevenção de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, têm sido utilizados métodos contraceptivos como instrumento de controlo da natalidade, variando na sua apresentação ao longo da história, influenciados por processos socioeconómicos e culturais. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa nas bases de dados biomédicas: Scielo, Pubmed, Dialnet, CUIDEN e Google Scholar. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi conduzida entre Agosto e Dezembro de 2021. Resultados: As estratégias iniciais de pesquisa identificaram um total de 48247 artigos. Uma vez aplicados os critérios de exclusão, foram seleccionados 19 artigos de revistas (6 no Scielo, 3 no Pubmed, 2 no Dialnet, 2 no CUIDEN e 6 no Google Scholar) e 2 livros. Conclusões: Os recursos e a cultura da sociedade têm condicionado a sexualidade e a reprodução em cada momento histórico. No século XX, começou a luta pelos direitos e liberdade das mulheres sobre o controlo da natalidade, implementando assim o planeamento familiar, que, desde então, fornece informações sobre métodos contraceptivos e facilita o acesso livre e confidencial aos mesmos.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Family Development Planning , Contraception/history , Contraceptive Agents/history , Culture , Nursing , Nursing CareABSTRACT
Combined oral contraceptives (COC) are a very popular form of birth control. Incorrect use and lack of adherence to treatment reduce the effectiveness of this method. Having a standard tool to identify poor-adherence profiles quickly and objectively can be helpful for midwives and potentially for COC users. The MMAS-4 adherence scale has been used in various medical fields, but there is little evidence of its potential in contraceptive consultation. This paper presents a piece of multicenter observational research based on a sample of 327 women who had attended contraceptive counselling in Spain and were COC users or had informed the midwife that they want to start to use this method. Two interviews were conducted: at the time of consultation and after one year. In our research, the MMAS-4 identified high-risk behaviors: during the 1-year follow-up period, COC users classified as poorly adherent had a significantly higher risk of missed contraceptive pills, more incidents and problems related to the method of contraception, as well as a lower degree of satisfaction with the contraceptive method. One case of unplanned pregnancy and two cases of emergency contraception were identified, all of them corresponding to poorly adherent women. The use of MMAS-4 in consultation can improve midwives' contraceptive counselling.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The choice of contraceptive method is a complex decision, and professionals should offer counselling based on the preferences, values and personal situation of the user(s). Some users are unsatisfied with the counselling received, which may, among other consequences, adversely affect method use adherence. In view of this situation, we propose exploring the experiences and needs of users and professionals for contraceptive counselling, in the context of creating a web-based contraceptive decision support tool. METHODS/DESIGN: Qualitative research was conducted through focus group discussions (64 users split into eight groups, and 19 professionals in two groups, in Tarragona, Spain) to explore the subjects' experiences and needs. The data were categorized and the categories were defined and classified based on the three-step protocol or framework for Quality on Contraceptive Counseling (QCC), created by experts, which reviews the quality of interactions between user and professional during the counselling process. RESULTS: In counselling, users demand more information about the different methods, in an environment of erroneous knowledge and misinformation, which lead to false beliefs and myths in the population that are not contrasted by the professional in counselling. They complain that the method is imposed on them and that their views regarding the decision are not considered. Professionals are concerned that their lack of training leads to counselling directed towards the methods they know best. They acknowledge that a paternalistic paradigm persists in the healthcare they provide, and decision support tools may help to improve the situation. CONCLUSIONS: Users feel unsatisfied and/or demand more information and a warmer, more caring approach. Professionals are reluctant to assume a process of shared decision-making. The use of a contraception DST website may solve some shortcomings in counselling detected in our environment.
