Effects of Botanical Insecticides on Hymenopteran Parasitoids: a Meta-analysis Approach.

Botanical insecticides (BIs) are considered a valuable alternative for plant protection in sustainable agriculture. The use of both BIs and parasitoids are presumed to be mutually compatible pest management practices. However, there is controversy on this subject, as various studies have reported lethal and sublethal effects of BIs on hymenopteran parasitoids. To shed new light on this controversy, a meta-analytic approach of the effects of BIs on adult mortality, parasitism, and parasitoid emergence under laboratory conditions was performed. We show that BIs increased mortality, decreased parasitism, and decreased parasitoid emergence. Botanical insecticides derived from Nicotiana tabacum and Caceolaria andina were particulary lethal. Most of the parasitoid groups showed susceptibility to BIs, but the families Scelionidae and Ichneumonidae were not significantly affected. The negative effects of BIs were seen regardless of the type of exposure (topical, ingestion, or residual). In conclusion, this meta-analysis showed that under laboratory conditions, exposure of hymenopteran parasitoids to BIs had significant negative effects on adult mortality, parasitism, and parasitoid emergence.

Olfactory Response and Host Plant Feeding of the Central American Locust Schistocerca piceifrons piceifrons Walker to Common Plants in a Gregarious Zone.

The Central American locust (CAL) Schistocerca piceifrons piceifrons Walker is one of the most harmful plant pests in the Yucatan Peninsula, where an important gregarious zone is located. The olfactory response and host plant acceptance by the CAL have not been studied in detail thus far. In this work, the olfactory response of the CAL to odor of various plant species was evaluated using an olfactometer test system. In addition, the host plant acceptance was assessed by the consumption of leaf area. Results showed that the CAL was highly attracted to odor of Pisonia aculeata. Evaluation of host plant acceptance showed that the CAL fed on Leucaena glauca and Waltheria americana, but not on P. aculeata or Guazuma ulmifolia. Analysis of leaf thickness, and leaf content of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) showed that the CAL was attracted to plant species with low leaf C content.

Palmitone prevents pentylenetetrazole-caused neuronal damage in the CA3 hippocampal region of prepubertal rats.

Palmitone is a secondary metabolite of polyketide origin extracted from leaves of Annona diversifolia Saff. (Annonaceae). We found that palmitone possesses anticonvulsant properties against penicillin-, 4-AP-, and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-caused seizure in adult animals. Some convulsants as PTZ cause neuronal damage in different brain regions such as the CA3 hippocampal region. Our objective was to evaluate if palmitone protects against PTZ-caused seizures and hippocampal neuronal damage in prepubertal rats. We used 32 prepubertal Wistar rats (30-35 days old) divided into four groups of 8 animals; group I was the control group, group II received a single PTZ dose of 50mg/kg ip, group III received a single palmitone dose of 50mg/kg ip, and group IV received a palmitone dose of 50mg/kg ip plus a PTZ dose of 50mg/kg ip. Ten days after administration, the animals were killed using pentobarbital anesthesia (35 mg/kg). The brains were removed and were embedded in paraffin. Coronal cuts of 7 microm were obtained from -2.8 to -3.3 from Bregma. Each section was stained with cresyl violet-eosin. We evaluated the number of normal and abnormal neurons in the CA3 hippocampal region in a 10,000 microm(2) section. It was observed that palmitone did not prevent the PTZ-caused seizure but palmitone prevents the PTZ-caused neuronal damage in the CA3 hippocampal region.

Angiosarcoma de la piel de la cabeza de los viejos, fulminante, sobre cicatriz de herpes zoster y pseudo absceso parotideo como consulta en diabetico / angiocarcoma of the scalp in the elderly, fulminating, over a scarof herpes zoster and parothid pseudoabscess as diabetic consult

Presentamos un caso de angiosarcoma de la piel de la cabeza de los viejos, de evolución fulminante, sobre cicatriz de herpes zester, acompañado de diabetes, y que consulta por un pseudoabsceso parotídeo. Se revisó la bibliografía sobre la correlación de herpes zoster, evolución fulminante y diabetes. Se hallan 20 casos de evolución de 6 meses, 4 de diabetes y 2 de herpes zoster. No encontramos relación entre estos parámetros ni tampoco con la forma clínica de pseudo absceso parotideo

Angiosarcoma de la piel de la cabeza de los viejos, fulminante, sobre cicatriz de herpes zoster y pseudo absceso parotideo como consulta en diabetico / angiocarcoma of the scalp in the elderly, fulminating, over a scarof herpes zoster and parothid pseudoabscess as diabetic consult

Presentamos un caso de angiosarcoma de la piel de la cabeza de los viejos, de evolución fulminante, sobre cicatriz de herpes zester, acompañado de diabetes, y que consulta por un pseudoabsceso parotídeo. Se revisó la bibliografía sobre la correlación de herpes zoster, evolución fulminante y diabetes. Se hallan 20 casos de evolución de 6 meses, 4 de diabetes y 2 de herpes zoster. No encontramos relación entre estos parámetros ni tampoco con la forma clínica de pseudo absceso parotideo (AU)