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1.
Clin Nutr ; 38(3): 1439-1446, 2019 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29970320

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In neurodegenerative disorders or in normal aging humans a relationship between muscle mass and/or performance and brain volume was observed, that is not dependent on age or other confounding factors. The aim of the present study is to analyse the relationship between lean mass and handgrip strength in alcoholics, who frequently show brain and muscle atrophy. METHODS: It was included 101 male patients aged 58.35 ± 11.59 years, and 44 controls, all of them workers of our hospital, drinkers of less than 20 g ethanol/day, of similar age. Patients and controls underwent dominant handgrip assessment with a Collins' dynamometer, whole body composition analysis by densitometry, and brain computed tomography (CT) examination, with further calculation of several indices indicative of brain atrophy. MAIN RESULTS: 1) Brain atrophy is a very common finding among alcoholics, both among cirrhotics and non-cirrhotics. 2) Alcoholics show a marked reduction in handgrip strength, and also in lean mass, especially at the arms and legs -but not in the trunk, even if patients with ascites were excluded.3) There is a relationship between reduced lean mass and brain atrophy, and a close correlation between handgrip strength and brain atrophy, that is independent of age and liver function. 4) Total fat amount is not different among alcoholics and controls, but there are marked differences in fat distribution: alcoholics show less fat in arms, but more fat in trunk, so that if we calculate the peripheral fat/trunk fat index, marked differences were observed among alcoholics and controls. Neither total fat nor fat distribution were related to brain atrophy. CONCLUSION: among alcoholics, as in other neurodegenerative conditions, there is a relationship between reduced lean mass and brain atrophy, and a close correlation between handgrip strength and brain atrophy, that is independent of age, duration of ethanol consumption and liver function.


Subject(s)
Alcoholics/statistics & numerical data , Alcoholism/pathology , Body Composition/physiology , Brain/pathology , Hand Strength/physiology , Atrophy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
2.
Eur. j. anat ; 22(2): 145-155, mar. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-172189

ABSTRACT

Sexual differences in the index to ring finger length ratio (2D:4D ratio) have been observed since more than 150 years ago, and they are already present in the foetus. Homeobox genes, which also control the differentiation of testes and ovaries, are involved in finger conformation, which is subjected to the influence of testosterone and estrogen levels. In general, women show larger 2D:4D digit ratios, although differences between sexes are subjected to ethnic variations. This study was performed in order to analyse the absolute values of several digit ratios (2D:4D; 4D:3D; 2D:3D) among 164 young adults of Tenerife (101 women). Finger lengths were directly measured dorsally using a calliper with an accuracy level of 0.01 mm. Dorsal digit lengths were defined as the distance between the fingertip and the dorsal base of the proximal phalanx, in a position in which fingers and palms formed an angle of 90º. We found that 2D:4D of both hands (for instance, women=0.9631 ± 0.02647; men= 0.9535 ± 0.02507 for the left 2D:4D ratios), the left 2D:3D (0.9063 ± 0.02216 in women; 0.8980 ± 0.01931 among men) and the right 4D:3D ratios (0.9377 ± 0.03625 among women vs 0.9471 ± 0.02138 among men) were significantly different among men and women. The magnitude of the difference among sexes is similar to that reported for other populations, and they allow for the elaboration of a discriminant function with an accuracy of 60.4%, that reaches 86% if stature is also included. We applied this discriminant function to a test group composed of 36 randomly selected women and 24 men, obtaining an accuracy of 58.33% and 81.67%, respectively


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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Radio , Sex Characteristics , Body Mass Index , Fingers/anatomy & histology , Body Weights and Measures , Fingers/growth & development , Sex Determination by Skeleton , Weight by Height/physiology , Spine/physiology , Multivariate Analysis , Fingers/physiology , Logistic Models , Anthropometry , Sex Determination by Skeleton/methods
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