[Effect of activities profile variations on health-related quality of life among breast cancer patients: Secondary exploratory analysis from PASAPAS study data]. / Effet de l'évolution du profil d'activité quotidienne sur la qualité de vie chez des femmes atteintes de cancers du sein : analyse exploratoire secondaire des données de l'étude PASAPAS.

INTRODUCTION: Lifestyle changes in breast cancer patients, by physical activity increasing, are becoming a main objective in supportive care. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of the daily activity profile evolution on the quality of life among this public. METHODS: Sixty patients (18 to 75 years) with non-metastatic breast cancer were randomized to a 2:1 ratio (physical activity intervention; control) in the PASAPAS randomized clinical trial. Multiple linear regression analyzes were computed to explain quality of life scores 6 months after the start of adjuvant therapy. Variables retained were the baseline quality of life scores, the anxiety trait, the randomization arm, the variations of time spent in different physical activity classes ([3-4 [MET, [4-6 [MET, ≥6 MET) and in sedentary behaviors. RESULTS: Only the decrease in time spent in sedentary behaviors really appeared as a predictor of the quality of physical life. Participation in the intervention group appeared as a predictor of quality of mental life. DISCUSSION: Results plead in favor of sedentary life style decrease as part of the objectives of care program for women with breast cancer. It also highlights the need of collective supervised sessions implemented by competent staff. This research also suggests that the dynamics of daily activity profile variations should be studied further in association to quality of life.

Éléments structurant les programmes d'activité physique dans la lutte contre le surpoids et l'obésité : état des lieux et suggestions.

To date, physical activity (PA) programs for overweight and obese people are built around recommendations established for the general population. However, these people have special characteristics that require adapted coaching. In order to begin this work of recommendations, the objective of this article was to list the criteria usually used to describe and study PA programs for overweight and obese people and its associated postprogram follow-up. A systematic review of both meta-analyses and systematic reviews related to PA programs in the management of overweight and obesity has highlighted that few descriptive elements of programs are systematically reported, and that PA programs are rarely sufficiently detailed to be able to calculate a PA dose or to compare the different programs. These convergences, disparities or gaps in the description of PA programs, led us to initiate a reflection on the interest of these criteria as well as on the interest of their systematization in weight management program design, including PA. We hope that will be a first step towards facilitating the development of recommendations for PA management of overweight and obesity. Novelty Objective: to identify criteria used to describe PA programs in the management of overweight and obesity. Criteria to systematize: data to calculate PA dose; description of program individualization strategy. Criteria to develop: drop-out rate as an indicator of program adaptation; description of fatigue management strategy.

À ce jour, les programmes d'activité physique (AP) visant les personnes atteintes de surpoids et d'obésité s'organisent autour des recommandations érigées pour la population générale. Toutefois, ces personnes présentent des caractéristiques particulières qui nécessitent un accompagnement adapté. Afin de pouvoir amorcer un travail de recommandation, l'objectif de cet article était de répertorier les critères utilisés pour décrire et étudier les programmes d'AP à destination des personnes atteintes de surpoids et d'obésité et les suivis post-programmes. Une revue systématique des méta-analyses et revues systématiques portant sur la prise en charge du surpoids et de l'obésité adulte a permis, notamment, de mettre en évidence que peu d'éléments descriptifs des programmes sont rapportés de manière systématique, et que les programmes sont rarement suffisamment détaillés pour pouvoir calculer une dose d'AP ou permettre leur comparaison. Ces convergences, disparités ou manques dans la description des programmes d'AP, ont permis d'engager une réflexion sur l'intérêt des différents critères ainsi que sur l'intérêt de leur systématisation dans les dispositifs de prise en charge de la gestion du poids incluant l'AP, pour ce que nous espérons être une première étape vers l'élaboration de recommandations en matière de prise en charge du surpoids et de l'obésité par l'AP. Les nouveautés Objectif : répertorier les critères de description des programmes d'AP dans la prise en charge du surpoids et de l'obésité. Critères à systématiser : calcul dose d'AP, individualisation programme. Critères à développer : taux d'abandon comme indicateur d'adaptation du programme, stratégie de gestion de la fatigue.

Cost-effectiveness of an exercise and nutritional intervention versus usual nutritional care during adjuvant treatment for localized breast cancer: the PASAPAS randomized controlled trial.

We undertook a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) to compare an exercise and nutritional program with the usual nutritional care concomitant to adjuvant chemotherapy in localized breast cancer patients. The CEA was designed as part of the interventional, controlled, randomized, single-center, open-label PASAPAS study. Breast cancer patients receiving first-line adjuvant chemotherapy at a French Comprehensive Cancer Center were randomized 2:1 to a 6-month exercise program of supervised indoor and outdoor group sessions in addition to usual nutritional care (exercise arm) or a usual nutritional care group receiving dietary and physical activity counseling (control arm). Costs were assessed from the French national insurance perspective (in Euros, 2012). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for four criteria: body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and estimated aerobic capacity. Uncertainty around the ICERs was captured by a probabilistic analysis using a non-parametric bootstrap method. The analysis was based on 60 patients enrolled between 2011 and 2013. Average intervention costs per participant were €412 in the exercise arm (n = 41) and €117 (n = 19) in the control arm. Total mean costs were €17,344 (standard deviation 9,928) and €20,615 (standard deviation 14,904), respectively, did not differ significantly (p = 0.51). The 6-month exercise program was deemed to be cost-effective compared with usual care for the estimated aerobic capacity. Multicenter randomized studies with long-term costs and outcomes should be done to provide additional evidence. Clinical trial: The PASAPAS study is registered under ClinicalTrials.gov. Trial registration ID: NCT01331772.

Feasibility of an exercise and nutritional intervention for weight management during adjuvant treatment for localized breast cancer: the PASAPAS randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: Lack of physical activity (PA), weight gain, and overweight have been associated with increased risk of recurrence and mortality after breast cancer diagnosis. We evaluated the feasibility of implementing an individualized exercise program and nutritional counseling during adjuvant treatment of localized invasive breast cancer. METHODS: Sixty-one patients eligible for adjuvant chemotherapy were randomized 2:1 to receive a 6-month program of weekly aerobic exercises associated with nutritional counseling (n = 41) or usual care with nutritional counseling (n = 20, one withdrawal). The primary endpoints were the proportion of patients compliant with two weekly supervised sessions and their overall adherence (i.e., proportion of supervised and unsupervised sessions completed versus planned sessions). RESULTS: Ten percent of patients in the intervention group were compliant with the two weekly supervised sessions for 6 months, but the overall median adherence rate was 85% of supervised and non-supervised sessions completed. Non-adherence was mainly due to intrinsic reasons (medical, organizational, psychological barriers). Adherence was positively associated with education and baseline PA level and inversely associated with baseline weight and tumor grade. No statistically significant benefits were observed in the intervention group, even if overall PA level and body composition improved and anthropometrics were maintained over time (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, there was good adherence with the 6-month exercise program during adjuvant treatment for breast cancer, despite poor compliance to twice-weekly supervised sessions. This study highlights the need for flexible exercise modalities and innovative experimental design to reach patients who would most adhere and benefit from intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01331772. Registered 8 April 2011, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01331772?term=pasapas&rank=1.

Adapted physical activity programme and self-perception in obese adolescents with intellectual disability: between morphological awareness and positive illusory bias.

BACKGROUND: In adolescent with intellectual disability, the management of obesity is a crucial issue, yet also quite complex because of their particular perception of themselves. This study investigated the relationship between self-perception variables and morphological variables and their changes after a 9-month Adapted Physical Activity (APA) programme. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three adolescents with intellectual disability responded to an adapted questionnaire, including the PSI-VSF-ID and a nine-drawing body silhouette scale. Anthropometric and body composition indicators were measured before and after the APA programme. RESULTS: The main predictor of the adolescents' self-perceptions was the inclination towards positive illusory bias before the intervention; obesity awareness ranked second. Morphological measurements did not contribute in the same way to self-perceptions in the initial and final data. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the interest of weight management programmes for adolescents with intellectual disability and points to the need to take positive illusory bias more fully into account in the study of self-perception.

Personality traits and students' misbehavior: effects on French physical education teachers' anger response.

The aim was to assess intensities of State Anger over one week, reported by physical education teachers working in Education Priority Zone schools, to obtain descriptive data in diaries of these teachers' actions and reactions related to students' misbehavior. French physical education teachers (N=175) completed the Trait Anger Scale, the Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y2, the Self-Esteem Scale, and the Depression Inventory. Cutoff scores on Trait Anger provided two groups (High Trait Anger, n=44 and Low Trait Anger, n=24). Participants (N=68) recorded State Anger and gave information about student misbehaviors in memorandums. Analysis showed mean State Anger was low. Participants' Trait Anger and personality correlates suggested they differed in reactions to students' misbehaviors. Findings were discussed in relation to the literature.

Types of errors by referees and perception of injustice by soccer players: a preliminary study.

This study investigated the effect of referees' errors on players' perceived injustice in soccer. The conditions investigated were Referee Decision, with three types: Correctly Called a foul vs Wrongly Called a foul vs Did not Call a foul and Repetition of the Situation, with two types: Isolated vs Repeated. Male soccer players at regional and departmental levels of practice (N = 95, M(age) = 23.2, SD = 5.1) were asked to rank six hypothetical situations according to the perceived injustice. Analysis indicated significant effects of Referee Decisions and Repetition of the Situation on the perception of injustice, but showed no differences between the types of error. However, age and years of soccer experience were associated with perception of injustice when the referee correctly called a foul.

Conséquences émotionnelles des erreurs d'arbitrage chez les footballeurs: etude exploratoire / Emotional consequences of referee's mistake among soccer players: exploratory study

L'objet de cette étude était de mettre en évidence, à travers le discours de footballeurs, l'impact émotionnel des erreurs d'arbitrage. Cent trois footballeurs âgés de 15 à 56 ans ont rempli la version française du Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, et participé à un entretien semi-directif de vingt à trente minutes environ au cours duquel il leur était proposé six situations représentatives du croisement de deux variables: nature de l'erreur d'arbitrage (x3) et répétition de la situation (x2). Les participants devaient dire ce qu'ils ressentaient dans chacune des situations. Les résultats principaux montrent que les erreurs d'arbitrage sont génératrices de sentiments d'énervement, de colère et d'injustice, et ce d'autant plus qu'elles se répètent. Toutefois, les erreurs de type faux positif ne s'accompagnent pas des mêmes réactions émotionnelles et comportementales que les erreurs de type faux négatif. Ces différences ont été interprétées au regard du décalage de rapport de contrainte entre les acteurs.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi questionar, através do discurso de jogadores de futebol, o impacto emocional dos erros de arbitragem. Cento e três jogadores de futebol com idade entre 15 a 56 anos preencheram a versão francesa do Buss-Perry Aggression Questionaire, e participaram de uma entrevista semi-dirigida durante 20 a 30 minutos acerca da qual era-lhes proposto seis situações representativas do cruzamento de duas variáveis: natureza do erro de arbitragem (x3) e repetição da situação (x2). Os participantes deviam dizer o que sentiam em cada uma das situações. Os resultados principais mostram que os erros de arbitragem são geradores de sentimento de enervamento, de cólera e de injustiça e, aumentando na medida em que se repetem. No entanto, os erros de tipo falso positivo não se acompanham das mesmas reações emocionais e comportamentais que os erros de tipo falso negativo. Estas diferenças foram interpretadas a partir do desacordo que surge da relação de oposição entre os atores.(AU)

The aim of this study was to question emotional consequences of referee mistakes, by the mean of interviews of soccer players. One hundred and three soccer players have taken part in the study. Participants were 15 to 56 years old. They have fulfilled the French version of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire and taken part to a twenty to thirty minutes semi-directing-interview. The interview was structured around six situations that reflected the crossing of two variables: the kind of referee's decisions (x3) and the repetition of the situation (x2). It was asked to participants what they felt in each of these situations. The main results showed that the referee's mistakes generated feelings of irritation, anger and the perception of injustice. These feelings occurred all the more as referee's mistakes were repetitive. However, false positive mistakes and false negative mistakes were different in their consequences both on feelings and on behaviors. These differences were questioned as regard to the differences in coercion relations between theses actors.(AU)

Conséquences émotionnelles des erreurs d'arbitrage chez les footballeurs: etude exploratoire / Conseqüências emocionais dos erros de arbitragem nos jogadores de futebol: estudo exploratório / Emotional consequences of referee's mistake among soccer players: exploratory study

L'objet de cette étude était de mettre en évidence, à travers le discours de footballeurs, l'impact émotionnel des erreurs d'arbitrage. Cent trois footballeurs âgés de 15 à 56 ans ont rempli la version française du Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, et participé à un entretien semi-directif de vingt à trente minutes environ au cours duquel il leur était proposé six situations représentatives du croisement de deux variables: nature de l'erreur d'arbitrage (x3) et répétition de la situation (x2). Les participants devaient dire ce qu'ils ressentaient dans chacune des situations. Les résultats principaux montrent que les erreurs d'arbitrage sont génératrices de sentiments d'énervement, de colère et d'injustice, et ce d'autant plus qu'elles se répètent. Toutefois, les erreurs de type faux positif ne s'accompagnent pas des mêmes réactions émotionnelles et comportementales que les erreurs de type faux négatif. Ces différences ont été interprétées au regard du décalage de rapport de contrainte entre les acteurs.

O objetivo deste estudo foi questionar, através do discurso de jogadores de futebol, o impacto emocional dos erros de arbitragem. Cento e três jogadores de futebol com idade entre 15 a 56 anos preencheram a versão francesa do Buss-Perry Aggression Questionaire, e participaram de uma entrevista semi-dirigida durante 20 a 30 minutos acerca da qual era-lhes proposto seis situações representativas do cruzamento de duas variáveis: natureza do erro de arbitragem (x3) e repetição da situação (x2). Os participantes deviam dizer o que sentiam em cada uma das situações. Os resultados principais mostram que os erros de arbitragem são geradores de sentimento de enervamento, de cólera e de injustiça e, aumentando na medida em que se repetem. No entanto, os erros de tipo falso positivo não se acompanham das mesmas reações emocionais e comportamentais que os erros de tipo falso negativo. Estas diferenças foram interpretadas a partir do desacordo que surge da relação de oposição entre os atores.

The aim of this study was to question emotional consequences of referee mistakes, by the mean of interviews of soccer players. One hundred and three soccer players have taken part in the study. Participants were 15 to 56 years old. They have fulfilled the French version of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire and taken part to a twenty to thirty minutes semi-directing-interview. The interview was structured around six situations that reflected the crossing of two variables: the kind of referee's decisions (x3) and the repetition of the situation (x2). It was asked to participants what they felt in each of these situations. The main results showed that the referee's mistakes generated feelings of irritation, anger and the perception of injustice. These feelings occurred all the more as referee's mistakes were repetitive. However, false positive mistakes and false negative mistakes were different in their consequences both on feelings and on behaviors. These differences were questioned as regard to the differences in coercion relations between theses actors.

Competitive martial arts and aggressiveness: a 2-yr. longitudinal study among young boys.

This study is a follow-up study of Reynes and Lorant's studies assessing the effect of one year of judo and karate training on aggressiveness scores among young boys. The data reported here were obtained after a second year of practice, 14 judoka, 9 karateka, and 20 control participants who filled out the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire three times, 1 year apart. At the first assessment, all participants, born the same year, were 8 yr. old and at the third they were 10 yr. old. Analysis indicated that after two years of practice, karate training seemed to have neither positive nor negative effects on aggressiveness scores, while judo training seemed to have a negative effect on anger scores. However, the results suggested the importance of kata or meditation in training sessions on self-control acquisition for such young boys.

Cognitive strategy and ability in endurance activities.

The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether elite athletes utilize associative strategies and, on the other hand, if nonelite athletes prefer to use dissociative strategies. 60 athletes were interviewed and the Schomer's 1986 method of measurement was used to measure association and dissociation. Analysis showed no significant differences in the total associative and dissociative scores among the three different abilities. However, a significant difference was found concerning the use of dissociative strategy between men and women.

Karate and aggressiveness among eight-year-old boys.

This report is an addendum to Reynes and Lorant's study (2002). From a small karate group of 9 boys assessed for aggressiveness analysis yielded no significant variations of aggressiveness after one year of karate training but showed differences between karate and judo training which requires further investigation.