Experimental study on classical and metaheuristics algorithms for optimal nano-chitosan concentration selection in surface coating and food packaging.

In this study the Lagrange interpolation optimization algorithm based on two variables with respect to all experimental replicates (POA), was compared with two other heuristics methods (WOA and GOA). Modification of the apple surface by an edible nano coating solution in food packaging was used as case study. The experiment was performed as a factorial test based on completely randomized design by 100 permutations data sets. Results showed a significant difference between the three optimization methods (POA, WOA and GOA) which indicates the necessity of optimization and also efficiency of the present POA. The optimum result by POA, similar to a rose petal property, could rise 72% in surface contact angle (CA). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the derived surfaces showed almost a uniform spherical nanoparticles morphology. Remarkable advantages of this new approach are no additional material requirement, healthful, easy, inexpensive, fast and affordable technique for surface improvement.