Working Condition and Job Satisfaction of Nurses as Predicting Factors of the Prevalence of Health care-associated Infections among Elderly Inpatients.

Background: Health care-Associated Infections (HCAIs) are among the most common adverse events (AEs) that can negatively affect both patients and health systems. The elderly is among patients at high risk for infections. Some controllable risk factors have received less attention in research. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between prevalence of HCAIs among elderly inpatients, job satisfaction of nurses, and working condition. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 211 nurses working in hospitals affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, in 2021. The data were collected from HCAIs reports by the Nosocomial Infection Control Committee, a demographic questionnaire, the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI), and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ). The data were statistically analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA, t-test, and multiple linear regression (MLR) in SPSS 26. Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the PES-NWI and MSQ (r = 0.68, p < 0.00). The MLR results indicated that staffing and resource adequacy, nurse participation in hospital affairs, job satisfaction, nursing manager's leadership, and nursing foundations for quality of care are predictive factors that these could explain 78% of the changes in the prevalence of HCAIs and the goodness of fit of the regression model was acceptable [F6.210 = 129.47, p < 0.001]. Conclusions: Since job satisfaction and the work condition could predict HCAIs among the elderly patients, healthcare administers are recommended to consider these two variables in the development of HCAIs prevention and control programs.

Improving the post-thaw quality of rooster semen using the extender supplemented with resveratrol.

Avian spermatozoa are highly susceptible to reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during the cryopreservation. The aim of the current study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of resveratrol (RSV) during rooster semen cryopreservation. Changes in expression of AMP-activated protein kinase as a possible mechanism behind the beneficial effects of resveratrol were also evaluated. Semen samples were collected from ten Ross broiler breeders (52-wk) using abdominal massage, then divided into 4 equal aliquots and cryopreserved in Beltsville extender that contained different concentrations (0 µM, 0.01µM, 0.1µM, and 1µM) of RSV. higher percentage (P < 0.05) of total motility and membrane integrity was observed in RSV-0.1 compared to the other frozen groups. Moreover, higher percentage of sperm mitochondrial activity was observed in the RSV-0.01 and RSV-0.1 compared to the frozen control (P < 0.05). The lowest percentage of apoptotic like changes was found in the RSV-0.1 in comparison to the other groups (P < 0.05). RSV-0.01 and RSV-1 groups produced the lowest levels of H2O2 and O2- compared to the other frozen groups, respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, velocity average path (VAP), and linearity (LIN) were not affected by different concentrations of RSV (P > 0.05). We observed a dose-dependent increase in AMP-activated protein kinase expression in groups exposed to RSV. Thus, RSV-1 increased AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation but had no positive effects on post thaw sperm parameters. Our findings suggest that RSV-0.1 improve thawed sperm functions, and these effects might be mediated through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase.

The eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale: validation of its Persian version in diabetic adults.

BACKGROUND: Adherence to treatment is an important factor in the management of diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) among type 2 diabetes. METHODS: This study carried out in Family Medicine Clinics (FMCs) in Tabriz, North West of Iran from May to September 2018. A total of 320 patients suffering from Type 2 diabetes were included. Content and face validity of the Persian version of MMAS-8 were quantitatively evaluated. The Cronbach's alpha and intra-class correlation (ICC) were calculated to assess the reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to assess the construct validity of the questionnaire. RESULTS: Content and face validity of the Persian version of MMAS-8 were confirmed. Good internal consistency (Cronbach's a = 0.83) and test-retest reliability (ICC= 0.87, P<0.001) were found. According to the results of the EFA, Persian version of MMAS-8 among diabetic patients had two dimensions: stopping to take medication due to the forgetfulness and for reasons other than forgetfulness. CONCLUSION: The Persian version of the MMAS-8 is a high valid and reliable questionnaire to screen medication adherence of Persian-speaking patients with diabetes.