[Efficiency of local cement reinforcing antibacterial implants in surgical treatment of long bones chronic osteomyelitis].

AIM: To present the results of treatment of long bones chronic osteomyelitis using local cement reinforcing antibacterial implant. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The implant is made intraoperatively using polymethylmethacrylate. It was used in main group (n=30), while conventional treatment was applied in comparison group (n=30). RESULTS: Better early and remote outcomes were shown in main group including more effective and earlier suppression of infectious process, more than 2-fold decrease of recurrent infection incidence, minimization of risk of pathological fracture due to internal reinforcement, early recovery of extremity's function, creation of favorable conditions for bone structures restoration, substitution of post-resection bone defect and following organotypic reorganization of bone tissue.

Hypothermic machine preservation reduces molecular markers of ischemia/reperfusion injury in human liver transplantation.

Hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) is in its infancy in clinical liver transplantation. Potential benefits include diminished preservation injury (PI) and improved graft function. Molecular data to date has been limited to extrapolation of animal studies. We analyzed liver tissue and serum collected during our Phase 1 trial of liver HMP. Grafts preserved with HMP were compared to static cold stored (SCS) transplant controls. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed on liver biopsies. Expression of inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules and chemokines, oxidation markers, apoptosis and acute phase proteins and the levels of CD68 positive macrophages in tissue sections were evaluated. RT-PCR of reperfusion biopsy samples in the SCS group showed high expression of inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules and chemokines, oxidative markers and acute phase proteins. This upregulation was significantly attenuated in livers that were preserved by HMP. Immunofluorescence showed larger numbers of CD68 positive macrophages in the SCS group when compared to the HMP group. TEM samples also revealed ultrastructural damage in the SCS group that was not seen in the HMP group. HMP significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression, relieving the downstream activation of adhesion molecules and migration of leukocytes, including neutrophils and macrophages when compared to SCS controls.

[New high-amplitude ultrasonic apparatuses with adaptive systems for therapy and surgery].

New-generation high-amplitude ultrasonic apparatuses for therapy and surgery developed at the Automatika Plant (Omsk, Russia) are described. The apparatuses are equipped with adaptive adjustment and control systems increasing the reliability, operation safety, and service longevity of the apparatuses.

Tissue-specific expression of a splicing mutation in the IKBKAP gene causes familial dysautonomia.

Familial dysautonomia (FD; also known as "Riley-Day syndrome"), an Ashkenazi Jewish disorder, is the best known and most frequent of a group of congenital sensory neuropathies and is characterized by widespread sensory and variable autonomic dysfunction. Previously, we had mapped the FD gene, DYS, to a 0.5-cM region on chromosome 9q31 and had shown that the ethnic bias is due to a founder effect, with >99.5% of disease alleles sharing a common ancestral haplotype. To investigate the molecular basis of FD, we sequenced the minimal candidate region and cloned and characterized its five genes. One of these, IKBKAP, harbors two mutations that can cause FD. The major haplotype mutation is located in the donor splice site of intron 20. This mutation can result in skipping of exon 20 in the mRNA of patients with FD, although they continue to express varying levels of wild-type message in a tissue-specific manner. RNA isolated from lymphoblasts of patients is primarily wild-type, whereas only the deleted message is seen in RNA isolated from brain. The mutation associated with the minor haplotype in four patients is a missense (R696P) mutation in exon 19, which is predicted to disrupt a potential phosphorylation site. Our findings indicate that almost all cases of FD are caused by an unusual splice defect that displays tissue-specific expression; and they also provide the basis for rapid carrier screening in the Ashkenazi Jewish population.

Protective effect of antiinflammatory corticosteroid triamcinolone in cisplatin nephrotoxicity.

The corticosteroid, triamcinolone, was examined as a potential antagonist for the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin in female Wistar rats. The changes in renal function and renal morphology were assessed on the 3rd day after administration of cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg BW) and in animals given triamcinolone retard (4 mg/kg BW) 6 h before administration of cisplatin. Pretreatment with triamcinolone resulted in much less severe changes in renal function after cisplatin administration (serum urea: triamcinolone plus cisplatin 14.29 +/- 1.90 mg/l, cisplatin alone 21.60 +/- 2.34 mg/l, p < 0.05, control 2.78 +/- 0.19 mg/l, serum creatinine: triamcinolone plus cisplatin 0.21 +/- 0.02 mg/l, cisplatin alone 0.30 +/- 0.02 mg/l, p < 0.05, control 0.06 +/- 0.01 mg/l). In contrast to cisplatin-treated animals in triamcinolone-pretreated rats alterations of water content were found neither in renal cortex (triamcinolone plus cisplatin 3.39 +/- 0.16 g/g dry weight, cisplatin alone 4.07 +/- 0.07 g/g dry weight, control 3.07 +/- 0.07 g/g dry weight) nor in outer medulla (triamcinolone plus cisplatin 4.20 +/- 0.22 g/g dry weight, cisplatin alone 4.98 +/- 0.21 g/g dry weight, control 3.84 +/- 0.11 g/g dry weight) compared to control. The structure of the kidney following cisplatin administration demonstrated extensive lesions of S3 segments of the proximal tubule. The changes in proximal convoluted tubules were widespread and ranged from the decrease of the amount of microvilli to loss of brush border or even to cell death. In triamcinolone-pretreated rats the structure of the cortex appeared to be virtually normal and tissue of medulla was only slightly damaged.

The effect of hydroxyl-containing dithiocarbamates on cisplatin-induced long-term renal dysfunction in Wistar rats.

The possibility of a slow, longer term deterioration in renal function following the administration of cisplatin has been little studied in animal models. To obtain data on this we have examined renal function and histopathology at 30 days post i.p. cisplatin (5 mg/kg) treatment in female Wistar rats with and without the administration of hydroxyl-containing dithiocarbamates as a protective measure. In contrast to the studies terminated at shorter times, the degree of protection furnished by the use of dithiocarbamates at longer times post-treatment is less impressive. Results suggest that a continuing deterioration in renal function occurs at times greater than 1 week post-treatment when such dithiocarbamates are administered at 1 and 3 h post cisplatin. This was evidenced in both several measures of renal function and in the histopathology of the S3 segment of the proximal tubule.

Renal function and renal platinum content in uninephrectomized rats following cisplatin administration.

The changes in renal function and renal platinum content were assessed in uninephrectomized and sham-operated female Wistar rats on the third day after treatment with 2.5 mg/kg BW or 5 mg/kg BW cisplatin. Treatment of control and nephrectomized rats with 2.5 mg/kg BW cisplatin resulted in indices of renal function which were not significantly different from those of animals which had received no cisplatin, though the renal platinum contents in nephrectomized rats were practically the same as in two-kidney animals given 5 mg/kg BW cisplatin. Treatment with 5 mg/kg cisplatin resulted in much less severe changes in kidney weight and renal function compared to two-kidney animals, in spite of much more substantial (by 49-58%) platinum accumulation.

Does the gradual hydroosmotic response to antidiuretic hormone depend on intracellular cAMP accumulation or on the formation of intramembrane particle aggregates?

In experiments on frog urinary bladder the mechanisms behind the gradual development of a hydroosmotic reaction to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) were investigated. It was suggested that the velocity of hydroosmotic reaction may be limited by (a) formation and insertion of particle aggregates into the apical membrane or (b) by velocity of cAMP formation. The urinary bladders were exposed to 23 nM ADH for different times (from 1 to 20 min) and water flow was measured over a period of 40 min. It was found that the value of the full hydroosmotic response increased progressively with the time of exposure to the hormone; however, the enhancement of water flow was equal during each time interval before reaching the reaction maximum. A direct correlation between the value of ADH-stimulated water flow, cAMP content in bladder tissue and frequency of particle aggregates in the granular cell apical membrane was observed. The content of cAMP in ADH-treated bladders was higher by 80% in the absence than in the presence of an osmotic gradient. Pretreatment of urinary bladders with 50 microM cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, significantly accelerated the development of the hydroosmotic reaction and increased the magnitude of water flow in comparison with the effect of ADH only. No changes in cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity were found in the urinary bladder homogenates under the action of ADH, so it seems likely that accumulation of cAMP depends only on the increase of adenylate cyclase activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[The effect of regulatory peptides on water absorption in the large intestine of the frog]. / Vliianie reguliatornykh peptidov na vsasyvanie vody v tolstoi kishke liagushki.

Preparation of isolated large intestine of the frog was filled with Ringer's solution diluted with distilled water (1:5) and was placed into the glass with normal Ringer's solution. The preparation was weighed within every 30 min and the osmotic permeability was determined for water of the mucous and serous layers of the intestine. Then one of the peptides was added to Ringer's solution and the experiment continued. It is stated that bombesin, neurotensin, encephalins, substance P, somatostatin, pituitrin are able to change liquid absorption from the large intestine cavity when the concentration of Ringer's solution in the cavity and from its serous surface is the same. Bombesin and neurotensin inhibited while encephalins stimulated liquid absorption and these effects depended on the transport of ions. Liquid absorption by the osmotic gradient decreased using bombesin, substance P and increased using somatostatin. More complex peptide-peptide relations are observed if using pituitrin and other peptides. cAMP is shown to participate in bombesin effects.

[The results of a study of chemical-induced disease in children in Chernovtsy]. / O rezul'tatakh izucheniia khimicheskoi bolezni detei v Chernovtsakh.

A clinical study of children inhabiting Chernovtsy and Chernovtsy Province, examination of the qualitative composition of inorganic admixtures in the hair and their microscopy indicates that the revealed symptom complex allowed to diagnose mild forms of chemical disease in children with focal alopecia. The criteria were: mucosal lesions (conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, glossitis, cheilitis); alopecia; hematological syndrome: eosinophilia, lymphocytosis, relative neutropenia; neuro-psychic disorders; cutaneotrophic disorders; presence of black inclusions in longitudinal and transverse light microscopy. Association of focal alopecia with the above symptoms even in absence of changes of the qualitative composition of inorganic microadmixtures allows to think about the chemical etiology of the diseases apparently caused by compounds of different chemical substances with inclusion of thallium.

The prevention of cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction by hydroxyl-containing dithiocarbamates.

Two hydroxyl containing dithiocarbamates, sodium N-methyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate (NaG) and sodium dihydroxyethyl dithiocarbamate (NaY) have been examined as agents for the control of the renal dysfunction in rats given cisplatin. Of these, NaG was found to be the more effective in controlling such renal dysfunction when administered at 1 and 3 h after 5 mg cisplatin kg-1, i.p. Renal function was examined 5 days after the administration of cisplatin by measurement of serum and urinary levels of creatinine and urea, creatinine clearance, serum and urinary levels of Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, as well as the concentrations of these ions in the renal medulla and cortex. Treatment of rats given cisplatin with NaG at 1 and 3 h post cisplatin resulted in indices of renal function which were not significantly different from those of animals which had received no cisplatin. The sole difference was found to be a slight increase in renal cortical Na+ concentration.

[Characteristics of the action of cisplatin and cycloplatam on the rat kidney]. / Osobennosti deistviia tsisplatina i tsikloplatama na pochku krysi.

On the 5th day after intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin the rats developed renal insufficiency. The concentration of creatinine and urea in blood serum increased 9-fold, the glomerular filtration rate decreased 7.7-fold, the weight of kidney increased by 44%. The content of tissue sodium was found to increase, while that of K to decrease. The intraperitoneal injections of cycloplatam (up to 25 mg/kg) induced in rats no renal insufficiency, the kidney weight and the ion and water content in the tissue did not change. In the experiments with cisplatin the Pt level in kidney reached 59.1 +/- 3.05 micrograms/g dry substance, after the injection of cycloplatam 25 mg/kg it was 104.9 +/- 2.95. No nephrotoxic action of cycloplatam may be due to the presence in the molecule of the cyclopentyl substitute.

[Effect of vasopressin on the osmotic permeability of the bladder wall in the frog and its content of cAMP, cGMP and inositol triphosphate]. / Vliianie vazopressina na osmoticheskuiu pronitsaemost' stenki mochevogo puzyria liagushki i soderzhanie v nei tsAMF, tsGMF i inozittrifosfata

An increase in the water permeability of the frog urinary bladder due to vasopressin, correlates with an increase of cAMP content in the bladder tissue. The osmotic permeability reached its maximum in 15-20 min. The sharp increase of inositol triphosphate content was observed within 20 sec after vasopressin administration, whereas cGMP content significantly decreased within 5 min. The augmentation of cAMP content seems to lead to a rise in water permeability white inositol triphosphate and cGMP acted, probably, as modulators of the vasopressin effect.

Cisplatin: nephrotoxic action in vertebrates and its prevention.

1. The kidney of frog and black sculpin appeared to be much less sensitive to the toxic action of CP in comparison with rat and pigeon. 2. The impairment of renal function after CP administration resulted in increased serum urea in rat, uric acid in pigeon and magnesium in black sculpin. 3. Kidney swelling is important feature of CP nephrotoxicity in rat and pigeon but not in frog and fish. 4. Pretreatment with choline chloride, PAH, furosemide and ethacrynic acid reduced the nephrotoxic action of CP in rat but did not prevent the accumulation of platinum in renal tissue which appeared to be a function of the dose injected to investigated animals.

Renal effects of vanadate in rats of different ages.

Both in conscious and in anesthetized rats the degree of increase in renal excretion of sodium following vanadate administration is nearly the same in adult and young rats. Remarkably, in anesthetized rats i.v. administered vanadate (0.2 mg/100 g b.m.) acts distinctly longer in 20-day-old rats compared with adults. Likely, age dependent differences in inactivation of vanadate exist. The degree of inhibition of Na+/K(+)-ATPase by vanadate is lower in young than in adult rats. Vanadate has no distinct effect on renal tubular transport of p-aminohippurate in rats of different ages.

Renal effects of vanadate in rats.

In conscious rats, administration of vanadate is followed by a distinct and statistically significant diuretic effect. The increase in renal excretion of sodium dominates in comparison with other electrolytes. After i.p. administration vanadate is effective for 30 to 60 min. In anesthetized rats an excessive saline load and i.v. administration of vanadate do not prolong the renal effectiveness of vanadate. A long lasting diuretic effect is measurable during a constant infusion of vanadate. p-Aminohippurate transport in renal cortical slices can be inhibited by adding vanadate to the incubation medium. Vanadate administered in vivo in diuretically effective doses influences the p-aminohippurate transport in consectively prepared renal cortical slices. A 50% inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase can be provoked by i.p. administration of 0.6 mg vanadate/100 g b.m. whereas the maximal increase in renal excretion of sodium is measurable following 0.5 mg vanadate/100 g b.m.

[Protein level and Na,K-ATPase activity of rat kidney tissues following cis-platin administration]. / Soderzhanie belka i aktivnost' Na,K-ATFazy v tkaniakh pochki krys pri deistvii tsis-platiny.

Concentrations of protein and electrolytes as well as activity of Na,K-ATPase were studied in renal tissue of rats within 5 days after cisplatinum administration (5 mg/kg of body mass, intraperitoneally). There were a significant reduction in the ATPase activity and an increase in water content and sodium concentration in renal cortex tissue, while K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were unaltered. At the same time, concentration of electrolytes did not shift in blood serum and muscle tissue. After intraperitoneal administration of choline chloride at a dose of 290 mg/kg of body mass within 40 min before the cisplatinum treatment less distinct alterations were observed in the urea content and in the Na,K-ATPase activity.