Avaliação do conhecimento e práticas de prevenção e controle da Covid-19 dos usuários da atenção básica do município de São José dos Campos / Assessment of knowledge and practices of prevention and control of Covid-19 of primary care users in the city ​​of São José dos Campos

Introdução: Até o dia 1o de junho de 2021 foram confirmados 16.625.572 casos de Covid-19, com 465.312 óbitos no Brasil. A região Sudeste concentrou 6.191.324 dos casos de Covid-19, com 213.245 óbitos, sendo a primeira região do país em número de casos. No município de São José dos Campos, foram confirmados 72.576 casos de Covid-19 e 1.496 óbitos. A adesão das pessoas às medidas de prevenção e controle foi afetada por seus conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas em relação à Covid-19. Material e Método: Trata-se de um estudo de campo observacional de tipologia transversal no qual avaliou-se o conhecimento geral dos usuários da atenção básica sobre a Covid-19 e as respectivas práticas e controle da doença no município de São José dos Campos. Para tal, utilizou-se um questionário impresso distribuído nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Resultados: A população estudada demonstrou um conhecimento assertivo acerca das práticas de prevenção e controle da Covid-19, porém, no que diz respeito à transmissão e ao tratamento da doença, esse conhecimento mostrou­se menos assertivo. Conclusão: Os usuários das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) demonstraram um conhecimento relevante sobre a Covid-19 e suas práticas de prevenção e controle. Sugere-se ainda uma reavaliação a longo prazo.

Myeloperoxidases and polycystic ovary syndrome.

New biological markers are emerging trying to identify earlier cardiovascular high risk subjects. Myeloperoxidases have been involved in the role of atherosclerosis process, by the beginning of the endothelial dysfunction up to the plaque rupture and clinical manifestation, and it has been demonstrated that this enzyme has also a prognostic value. We aimed to assess myeloperoxidases levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with insulin resistance (IR), considering that these women represent a high risk group for cardiovascular disease. We developed a transversal study, comprising 26 patients with PCOS and IR and 30 controls (PCOS without IR). IR was considered with HOMA-IR ≥3.0. IR absence was considered when HOMA-IR <3.0, triglycerides <200, BMI <28.7, and BMI<27.8 in patients with familial history of type 2 diabetes. All patients went through anamnesis, physical examination, transvaginal ultrasound, and blood samples. IR PCOS patients had higher levels of myeloperoxidase (22.3 × 18.1, p = 0.047), and also higher BMI. Myeloperoxidase levels correlated directly with insulin. In conclusion, IR PCOS young patients have higher myeloperoxidase levels.

[Prevalence of endometrial injury in asymptomatic obese women]. / Prevalência de lesões endometriais em mulheres obesas assintomáticas.

OBJECTIVE: Obesity represents the most important risk factor for endometrial pathology. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of endometrial injuries, such as polyps, hyperplasia and endometrial cancer in asymptomatic obese women, as well as to recognize the associated risk factors . METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2004 and February 2006. Ninety-four obese (body mass index > or = 30 kg/m2) women were evaluated, divided in two groups of 47 participants each: pre-menopausal and postmenopausal women. Clinical characteristics, physical exams (anthropometric and gynecological), blood count and endometrial assessment by vaginal ultrasonography, biopsy, and hysteroscopy (only for confirmed endometrial pathology), were the variables appraised. RESULTS: In pre-menopausal women, 12.8% of cases had endometrial pathology statistically associated to age, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and LDL-c increase. In the post-menopausal women, 40.4% of cases had a pathology identified as statistically associated with hypertension, LDL-c and estrone increase. Two cases of endometrial cancer were identified, one in each group. CONCLUSIONS: The increased incidence of obesity over recent years has increased risk factors of endometrial cancer. In pre-menopausal women only a small number of cases with endometrial alterations was observed. Therefore, it is suggested that greater attention be given to those over 40 years of age, associated with hypertension and/or higher LDL-c . The menopausal status increases risk of endometrial injury, and when associated with hypertension, LDL-c and/or estrone increase, women become candidates to biopsy aiming for an early diagnosis of cancer, a decisive factor for a favorable prognosis.

Prevalência de lesões endometriais em mulheres obesas assintomáticas / Prevalence of endometrial injury in asymptomatic obese women

OBJETIVOS: A obesidade representa importante fator de risco para alterações endometriais. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a prevalência de lesões endometriais, como pólipos, hiperplasia e câncer de endométrio em mulheres obesas assintomáticas, assim como reconhecer os fatores de risco associados. MÉTODOS: Entre dezembro de 2004 e fevereiro de 2006, em estudo transversal foram avaliadas 94 mulheres obesas (índice de massa corpóreo >30Kg/m²), divididas em dois grupos com 47 participantes cada: em idade reprodutiva e após a menopausa. Foram analisados: história clínica, exame físico (antropométrico/ginecológico), determinações bioquímicas e avaliação do endométrio por ultra-sonografia endovaginal, biópsia e histeroscopia (para confirmar patologia endometrial). RESULTADOS: Nas mulheres em idade reprodutiva foram encontrados 12,8 por cento de casos de patologia endometrial, que se associaram significativamente com as elevações da idade, hipertensão arterial (HAS), colesterol e LDL-c. Após a menopausa, foram identificadas 40,4 por cento de lesões endometriais que se associaram significativamente com pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) > 140mmHg, elevação do LDL-c e da estrona. Dois casos de câncer de endométrio foram constatados, sendo um em cada grupo. CONCLUSÃO: O aumento de incidência da obesidade nos últimos anos tem elevado os fatores de risco para o câncer de endométrio. Na idade reprodutiva tivemos um pequeno tamanho amostral de alterações endometriais; com isso, poderíamos apenas sugerir, uma maior atenção àquelas com idade superior a 40 anos, que apresentem HAS e/ou elevação do LDL-c. O status menopausal eleva o risco de lesão endometrial; associado com elevações da PAS, LDL-c e/ou estrona, elas se tornarão candidatas à biópsia de endométrio, visando o diagnóstico precoce do câncer, decisivo para o prognóstico favorável da mulher.

OBJECTIVE: Obesity represents the most important risk factor for endometrial pathology. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of endometrial injuries, such as polyps, hyperplasia and endometrial cancer in asymptomatic obese women, as well as to recognize the associated risk factors . METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2004 and February 2006. Ninety-four obese (body mass index > 30 kg/m²) women were evaluated, divided in two groups of 47 participants each: pre-menopausal and postmenopausal women. Clinical characteristics, physical exams (anthropometric and gynecological), blood count and endometrial assessment by vaginal ultrasonography, biopsy, and hysteroscopy (only for confirmed endometrial pathology), were the variables appraised. RESULTS: In pre-menopausal women, 12.8 percent of cases had endometrial pathology statistically associated to age, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and LDL-c increase. In the post-menopausal women, 40.4 percent of cases had a pathology identified as statistically associated with hypertension, LDL-c and estrone increase. Two cases of endometrial cancer were identified, one in each group. CONCLUSIONS: The increased incidence of obesity over recent years has increased risk factors of endometrial cancer. In pre-menopausal women only a small number of cases with endometrial alterations was observed. Therefore, it is suggested that greater attention be given to those over 40 years of age, associated with hypertension and/or higher LDL-c . The menopausal status increases risk of endometrial injury, and when associated with hypertension, LDL-c and/or estrone increase, women become candidates to biopsy aiming for an early diagnosis of cancer, a decisive factor for a favorable prognosis.