Excessive daytime sleepiness in nursing technicians: association with sleep quality and memory.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate excessive daytime sleepiness prevalence among nursing technicians and the association with sleep quality and memory. METHODS: a cross-sectional, inferential study, carried out in a hospital unit in the state of Goiás between December 2020 and January 2021. Assessments were carried out using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire, instruments validated for the Brazilian context. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzes were performed. RESULTS: the sample consisted of 189 nursing technicians with a 40.9% excessive daytime sleepiness prevalence. In multivariate models, excessive daytime sleepiness was not associated with sleep quality, however there was a significant association with overall memory failures. CONCLUSIONS: study results demonstrate a high excessive daytime sleepiness occurrence, an association with overall memory failures and the need for psychosocial interventions for nursing technicians.

Effects of polymethyl methacrylate-based bone cement graft for treating excessive gingival display and its dimensional facial changes: 12-Month clinical study.

Objective: to present a 12-month follow-up with photographic and tomographic analyses of the effect of polymethyl methacrylate-based bone cement graft (PMMA) in gingival exposure (GE) in patients with excessive gingival display (EGD). Methods: Twelve patients with EGD were included. The PMMA was surgically placed. A frontal and lateral photograph protocol was performed at baseline (T0), 3 (T3), 6 (T6), and 12 months (T12) post-operatively. Soft tissue cone-beam computed tomography (ST-CBCT) was performed at T0 and T12. Measures included GE, length of the lip vermilion (LLV), lip shape (LS), nose width (NW), filter width (FW), nasolabial angle (NAS) while smiling, and nasolabial angle at rest (NAR). The height, thickness, and volume of the cement graft were also measured in the ST-CBCT. The comparisons were performed by Kruskal-Wallis test at 5 % of significance (p < 0.05). Results: The height, thickness, and volume of the PMMA were respectively 12.84 ± 1.59 mm, 3.83 ± 0.53, and 1532.02 ± 532.52 mm3. PMMA significantly decreased GE from 8.33 ± 1.25 mm (T0) to 6.60 ± 0.93 mm (T12) (p < 0.01). NAR was 98.34 ± 9.28° at T0 and increased to 105.13 ± 7.33° at T12; however, the angle value was not statistically different (p = 0.08). LLV, LS, NW, FW, and NAS did not exhibit statistical differences between the baseline and follow-up periods. Conclusions: PMMA significantly decreased GE in a 12-month follow-up without influencing adjacent soft tissue anatomical structures.

Excessive daytime sleepiness in nursing technicians: association with sleep quality and memory / Somnolencia diurna excesiva en técnicos de enfermería: asociación con la calidad del sueño y la memoria / Sonolência diurna excessiva em técnicos de enfermagem: associação com qualidade do sono e memória

ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate excessive daytime sleepiness prevalence among nursing technicians and the association with sleep quality and memory. Methods: a cross-sectional, inferential study, carried out in a hospital unit in the state of Goiás between December 2020 and January 2021. Assessments were carried out using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire, instruments validated for the Brazilian context. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzes were performed. Results: the sample consisted of 189 nursing technicians with a 40.9% excessive daytime sleepiness prevalence. In multivariate models, excessive daytime sleepiness was not associated with sleep quality, however there was a significant association with overall memory failures. Conclusions: study results demonstrate a high excessive daytime sleepiness occurrence, an association with overall memory failures and the need for psychosocial interventions for nursing technicians.

RESUMEN Objetivo: investigar la prevalencia de somnolencia diurna excesiva entre técnicos de enfermería y la asociación con la calidad del sueño y la memoria. Métodos: estudio transversal, inferencial, realizado en una unidad hospitalaria del estado de Goiás entre diciembre de 2020 y enero de 2021. Las evaluaciones se realizaron mediante la Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index y Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire, instrumentos validados para el contexto brasileño. Se realizaron análisis de regresión logística bivariados y multivariados. Resultados: la muestra estuvo compuesta por 189 técnicos de enfermería con una prevalencia de 40,9% de somnolencia diurna excesiva. En modelos multivariados, la somnolencia diurna excesiva no se asoció con la calidad del sueño, sin embargo, hubo una asociación significativa con fallas generales de memoria. Conclusiones: los resultados del estudio demuestran una alta ocurrencia de somnolencia diurna excesiva, asociación con fallas de memoria general y la necesidad de intervenciones psicosociales para los técnicos de enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar a prevalência de sonolência diurna excessiva entre técnicos de enfermagem e a associação com a qualidade do sono e memória. Métodos: estudo transversal, inferencial, realizado em uma unidade hospitalar no estado de Goiás entre dezembro de 2020 e janeiro de 2021. As avaliações foram realizadas por meio da Epworth Sleepiness Scale, do Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index e da Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire, instrumentos validados para o contexto brasileiro. Foram realizadas análises de regressão logística bivariada e multivariada. Resultados: a amostra composta por 189 técnicos de enfermagem com prevalência de 40,9% de sonolência diurna excessiva. Em modelos multivariados, a sonolência diurna excessiva não associou com a qualidade do sono, no entanto houve associação significativa com falhas de memória geral. Conclusões: os resultados do estudo demonstram elevada ocorrência de sonolência diurna excessiva, associação com falhas de memória geral e a necessidade de intervenções psicossociais para técnicos de enfermagem.

Use of meloxicam with or without dipyrone in non-surgical embryo recovery in hair sheep: Effects on animal welfare.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of meloxicam with or without dipyrone on the welfare of ewes subjected to non-surgical embryo recovery (NSER). Two studies were carried out using 51 multiparous Santa Inês ewes. All animals received a standard oestrous synchronization treatment and a superovulatory protocol. In Study 1, 12 ewes received meloxicam (GM) before cervical transposition (1 mg kg-1 , i.v.), repeated 24 h after (1 mg kg-1 , i.m.), while the other 10 received a saline solution, remaining as a control group (GC1). In Study 2, ewes were allocated into a group of 15 ewes treated as GM of Study 1 associated with dipyrone (GMD; 50 mg kg-1 , i.m.) before cervical transposition, 12 h, and 24 h after, or a control group (GC2) of 14 ewes treated with saline solution. In both studies, heart and respiratory rates (RR), cortisol, glucose, total proteins, albumin and globulins blood concentration were recorded before sedation (BS), after sedation (AS), after cervical transposition, immediately after collection (IAC), and 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after embryo collection (hAC). In Study 1, RR tended to be greater in GC1 (p = .08), serum total proteins and globulins values were lower and serum albumin values were greater in this group than GM (p = .003, p < .0001, and p < .0001, respectively). In Study 2, treatment of GMD tended to reduce the glycaemia at AS (p = .052) and reduced it at 3hAC (p < .0001), and 6hAC (p = .03). It also tended to reduce cortisol concentrations (p = .10). The other variables varied with NSER without interaction with the experimental treatments. In conclusion, in this study condition, NSER in sheep induced transient changes indicative of stress and possibly pain, therefore, affecting animal welfare. The administration of meloxicam was ineffective to reduce those responses, and the association of dipyrone had only slight effects without modifying the main welfare indicative responses in ewes subjected to NSER.

Desafios à segurança do paciente na terapia intensiva: uma teoria fundamentada / Desafíos para la seguridad del paciente en cuidados intensivos: una teoría fundamentada / Challenges to patient safety in intensive care: a grounded theory

Resumo Objetivo Compreender, na perspectiva de enfermeiros de unidades de terapia intensiva, os desafios à segurança do paciente confrontados neste contexto. Métodos Pesquisa qualitativa realizada com 20 enfermeiros em dois grupos amostrais de duas unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI) do Norte do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados mediante entrevista semiestruturada. O método adotado foi a Teoria fundamentada nos dados, enfatizando-se neste artigo uma categoria e suas subcategorias no que concerne às condições. O estudo foi aprovado pelos comitês de ética de duas instituições sob os pareceres de número: 2.755.619 e número 2.829.210, no ano de 2018. Resultados Três subcategorias explicitaram desafios à segurança do paciente, a saber: estando imerso em processos de trabalho não sistematizados; falhando a comunicação entre os profissionais; e constatando lacunas na educação permanente. Conclusão A desorganização dos processos de trabalho, a comunicação falha e ações de educação permanente insuficientes correspondem aos principais desafios apontados pelos enfermeiros na rotina da UTI, gerando encadeamentos que incidem diretamente na gestão da segurança do paciente.

Resumen Objetivo Comprender, bajo la perspectiva de enfermeros de unidades de cuidados intensivos, los desafíos para la seguridad del paciente que enfrentan este contexto. Métodos Estudio cualitativo realizado con 20 enfermeros en dos grupos de muestras de dos unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) del norte de Brasil. Los datos fueron recopilados mediante entrevista semiestructurada. El método adoptado fue la teoría fundamentada en los datos, con énfasis en una categoría y sus subcategorías en lo que respecta a las condiciones. El estudio fue aprobado por los comités de ética de las dos instituciones, con los números de informe 2.755.619 y 2.829.210, en el año 2018. Resultados Tres subcategorías explicitaron los desafíos para la seguridad del paciente, a saber: estar inmerso en procesos de trabajo no sistematizados, fallar en la comunicación entre los profesionales, y constatar vacíos en la educación permanente. Conclusión La desorganización de los procesos de trabajo, la comunicación defectuosa y las acciones de educación permanente insuficientes son los principales desafíos indicados por los enfermeros en la rutina de la UCI, lo que genera una serie de eventos que inciden directamente en la gestión de la seguridad del paciente.

Abstract Objective To understand, from Intensive Care Unit nurses' perspective, the challenges to patient safety. Methods This is qualitative research conducted with 20 nurses in two sample groups of two Intensive Care Units (ICU) in northern Brazil. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The method adopted was the Grounded Theory, emphasizing in this article a category and its subcategories with regard to conditions. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committees of two institutions, under Opinions 2,755,619 and 2,829,210, in 2018. Results Three subcategories explained challenges to patient safety, namely: Being immersed in non-systematized work processes; Communication failure among professionals; and Finding gaps in continuing education. Conclusion The disorganization of work processes, faulty communication and insufficient continuing education actions correspond to the main challenges pointed out by nurses in the ICU routine, generating chains that directly affect patient safety management.

Bem-estar animal nos procedimentos de produção in vivo de embriões na espécie ovina / Animal welfare in the in vivo production of sheep embryos

A presente revisão tem por objetivo abordar aspectos relacionados ao bem-estar animal na produção in vivo de embriões ovinos. A cobrança da sociedade tem impulsionado o uso de práticas que atendam os preceitos de bem-estar na produção animal. Nesse contexto, destaca-se a necessidade de aprimoramento de procedimentos menos invasivos, como a coleta não cirúrgica de embriões. Avanços recentes nos protocolos de dilatação cervical melhoraram os resultados e tornaram essa técnica uma alternativa viável na espécie ovina. No entanto, a avaliação do estado de bem-estar das doadoras submetidas à coleta transcervical mostra a necessidade de melhor controle da dor durante a sua realização. Assim, acreditamos que a associação dos esforços de diferentes pesquisas pode proporcionar a resolução desses entraves e possibilitar maior aplicabilidade comercial da biotécnica.(AU)

This review aims to address aspects related to animal welfare in the in vivo production of ovine embryos. The use of practices that meet the precepts of welfare in animal production has been driven by demands from society. In this context, there is a need to improve less invasive procedures, such as nonsurgical embryo collection. Recent advances in cervical dilation protocols have improved results and made this technique a viable alternative in sheep. However, the assessment of the state of welfare of donors undergoing transcervical collection shows the need for better pain control during its performance. Thus, the association of different research efforts can provide the resolution of these obstacles and enable greater commercial applicability of the biotechnique.(AU)

Vagal indigestion in cattle: a retrospective study / Indigestão vagal em bovinos: estudo retrospectivo

This study aimed to carry out a retrospective study of vagal indigestion cases diagnosed in cattle admitted at the Garanhuns Bovine Clinic, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco campus. This syndrome, caused by dysfunctions of the vagus nerve and characterized by motility disorders of the pre-stomachs and abomasum, represented 5.5% (70/1279) of digestive cases diagnosed in a period of 10 years and had an unfavorable prognosis in 78.3% of cases. Type II vagal indigestion was the most prevalent, accounting for 40% of cases, followed by type I (24.3%) and types III and IV, which accounted for 18.6% and 10.0% of cases, respectively. Vagal indigestion in 67.1% (47/70) of cases occurred as a result of other illnesses, such as traumatic reticuloperitonitis (27.7%), lung diseases (12.8%), gastric impaction (10.6%), abomasal ulcer (10.6%), lymphosarcoma (6.4%), and liver abscesses (6.4%). Motor changes in the gastrointestinal tract, such as hypomotility, abdominal distension, and bloat, as well as their consequences, were the most frequent clinical signs. Laboratory, ultrasonographic, and anatomopathological alterations mainly originate from the primary illnesses present in each case. The approach of this disease is essential due to its clinical and economic importance for livestock to expand the knowledge of its etiopathogenesis, thus contributing to a more accurate diagnosis by veterinarians working in the field of internal medicine for cattle.

Objetivou-se realizar um estudo retrospectivo dos casos de indigestão vagal diagnosticados em bovinos atendidos na Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns, campus da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Essa síndrome, causada por disfunções do nervo vago e caracterizada por transtornos de motilidade dos pré-estômagos e abomaso, representou 5,5% (70/1279) dos casos digestivos diagnosticados num período de 10 anos e apresentou prognóstico desfavorável em 78,3% dos casos. A indigestão vagal tipo II foi a mais prevalente, representando 40% dos casos, seguida do tipo I (24,3%) e dos tipos III e IV, que corresponderam a 18,6% e 10,0%, respectivamente. Em 67,1% (47/70) dos casos, a indigestão vagal ocorreu em consequência de outras enfermidades, tais como reticuloperitonite traumática (27,7%), doenças pulmonares (12,8%), compactação gástrica (10,6%), úlcera de abomaso (10,6%), linfossarcoma (6,4%) e abscessos hepáticos (6,4%). As alterações motoras do trato gastrointestinal, tais como hipomotilidade, distensão abdominal e timpania, assim como suas consequências foram os sinais clínicos mais frequentes. As alterações laboratoriais, de imagem e anatomopatológicas são oriundas principalmente das enfermidades primárias presentes em cada caso. Devido sua importância clínica e econômica para a bovinocultura, é primordial a abordagem dessa enfermidade, visando ampliar o conhecimento da sua etiopatogenia contribuindo dessa forma para um diagnóstico mais preciso pelos médicos veterinários atuantes na área de medicina interna de bovinos.

Ultrasound Diagnosis in Small Ruminants: Occurrence and Description of Genital Pathologies.

This study reports the occurrence and appearance of various reproductive tract pathologies of small ruminants diagnosed using ultrasound. An eight-year retrospective study of collected ultrasound data was carried out in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil from September 2012 to July 2020. A total of 3463 animals from 16 sheep flocks and 10 dairy goat flocks, raised under extensive and intensive management systems, respectively, were used in the study. All animals were submitted to an ultrasound examination of their reproductive tract. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05), to compare disorder frequencies within and between species. Ewes (4.14%) had fewer reproductive disorders than does (8.98%), while rams (43.63%) and bucks (56.25%) presented no significant differences. Hydrometra was the most frequent finding in does, represented by 50.98% of cases; while, in ewes, recent fetal loss (22.85%) and cystic endometrial hyperplasia (20.00%) were the most frequent. In bucks, the findings showed no clear differences; while, for rams, the most frequent finding was testicular microlithiasis (75.00%). Ultrasonography offers clinically useful information about the reproductive tract via the images it provides; knowledge of which makes it possible to improve the diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of genital pathologies.

Influence of eCG and reproductive management in the resynchronization of ovulation in dairy goats.

Resynchronization protocols have been proposed as a way of shortening females' unproductive time in the flock, with good results in cattle and sheep. In goats, initial studies have shown that a second progestogen device inserted before luteolysis and pregnancy diagnosis does not interfere with the corpus luteum lifespan or functionality. This study aimed to evaluate the follicular growth, ovulation pattern and pregnancy rate after insertion of a second and new progestogen device for resynchronizing, with or without equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin (eCG), submitted to natural mating (NM) or artificial insemination (AI) to propose a viable resynchronization protocol for dairy goats. A total of 38 multiparous Saanen goats underwent a short-term progesterone protocol [six days exposed to medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) intravaginal sponges + 200 IU eCG and 0.12 mg of cloprostenol sodium on the 5th day + 0.025 mg of lecirelin 34 hours after sponge withdrawal] and, on day 16th after the ovulation, received a new MAP device which was retained until day 21. At this moment females were split into four groups: GeCG+NM - 100 IU eCG with NM; GSal+NM - saline solution with NM; GeCG+AI - 100 IU eCG with AI; and GSal+AI - saline solution with AI. Ultrasound scans were performed every 12 h from sponge withdrawal (day 21) until 108 h after sponge withdrawal (day 25) for follicular dynamics evaluation, at 240 h (day 31) for assessing the presence of active corpus luteum, and on day 60 for pregnancy diagnosis. No differences were found regarding ovulation time, synchronization and follicle size. However, GeCG+NM presented a greater estrus manifestation rate (100%) and pregnancy rate (62.5%) when compared to GSal+AI. In conclusion, resynchronization protocols in dairy goats may present satisfactory results.

Assessment of a vaquejada horse training protocol based on laboratory clinical parameters

The objective of this study was to assess a training protocol employed in the Brazilian Northeast region for fitness conditioning of vaquejada horses. For 12 months, 24 Quarter Horses were evaluated under a completely randomized split-plot experimental design in which the plots comprised three age groups: horses at two, three, and four years of age. The split plots were made up of six fitness tests carried out every other month. The fitness test protocol consisted of five levels of protocol exercises on a standard vaquejada track. Prior to the tests with fasted animals, we collected blood samples to determine muscle enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase). During the tests, heart rate, speed, and distance run were recorded using a heart rate monitor. Next, the results were used to calculate speed at which each horse reached 150 bpm (V150), speed at which each horse reached 200 bpm (V200), maximum heart rate (HRmax), maximum speed (Vmax), recovery time needed for the heart rate of horses to return to half the maximum value reached during the fitness tests (HR50%), and recovery time needed for the heart rate of horses to return to baseline values (HRbasal). No difference was found among the age groups for V150, HRmax, Vmax, HR50%, HRbasal, or muscle enzymes. By the final stage of training, the V200 of the three-year-old horses was higher than that of the four-year-old foals. During training, all groups exhibited increases in serum concentrations of muscle enzymes and reductions in efficiency to recover heart rate after exercise. The training protocol assessed is unable to maintain proper fitness for competitions throughout the year.(AU)

Influence of eCG and reproductive management in the resynchronization of ovulation in dairy goats

Resynchronization protocols have been proposed as a way of shortening females' unproductive time in the flock, with good results in cattle and sheep. In goats, initial studies have shown that a second progestogen device inserted before luteolysis and pregnancy diagnosis does not interfere with the corpus luteum lifespan or functionality. This study aimed to evaluate the follicular growth, ovulation pattern and pregnancy rate after insertion of a second and new progestogen device for resynchronizing, with or without equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin (eCG), submitted to natural mating (NM) or artificial insemination (AI) to propose a viable resynchronization protocol for dairy goats. A total of 38 multiparous Saanen goats underwent a short-term progesterone protocol [six days exposed to medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) intravaginal sponges + 200 IU eCG and 0.12 mg of cloprostenol sodium on the 5th day + 0.025 mg of lecirelin 34 hours after sponge withdrawal] and, on day 16th after the ovulation, received a new MAP device which was retained until day 21. At this moment females were split into four groups: GeCG+NM ­ 100 IU eCG with NM; GSal+NM ­ saline solution with NM; GeCG+AI ­ 100 IU eCG with AI; and GSal+AI ­ saline solution with AI. Ultrasound scans were performed every 12 h from sponge withdrawal (day 21) until 108 h after sponge withdrawal (day 25) for follicular dynamics evaluation, at 240 h (day 31) for assessing the presence of active corpus luteum, and on day 60 for pregnancy diagnosis. No differences were found regarding ovulation time, synchronization and follicle size. However, GeCG+NM presented a greater estrus manifestation rate (100%) and pregnancy rate (62.5%) when compared to GSal+AI. In conclusion, resynchronization protocols in dairy goats may present satisfactory results.(AU)

Saberes e experiências de idosos sobre a cirurgia de catarata: um diálogo com uma profissional de enfermagem / Saberes y experiencias de personas mayores sobre la cirugía de cataratas: un diálogo con el profesional de enfermería / Knowledge and experiences of the elderly about cataract extraction: a dialogue with a professional nurse

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o conhecimento e experiências de idosos sobre a cirurgia de catarata e os cuidados pré e pós-operatórios. Método: Estudo qualitativo-descritivo feito com 24 idosos em hospital privado no Rio de Janeiro e em domicílio. Realizaram-se entrevistas individuais, seguidas de discussão com cada participante, entre setembro e dezembro de 2017. Aplicou-se análise de conteúdo temática na organização dos dados. Resultados: Categorias de análise: concepções sobre a doença e a cirurgia, fontes de acesso à informação, a cultura do silêncio no contexto do cuidado em saúde, e expectativas dos idosos sobre a cirurgia e seus resultados. Os idosos apresentaram lacunas sobre o que sabem sobre a cirurgia e os cuidados pré e pós-operatórios; trouxeram situações que reiteram, por vezes, a cultura do silêncio na relação com os profissionais de saúde e fizeram proposições sobre o que consideravam importante na educação em saúde sobre o tema. Conclusões: A partir da reunião com os idosos, foi possível evidenciar não apenas seus conhecimentos sobre a patologia enfrentada e o procedimento cirúrgico de catarata, como também avaliar, de forma integral, o processo e as mudanças necessárias no âmbito da promoção da saúde.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el conocimiento y las experiencias de personas mayores sobre la cirugía de cataratas y los cuidados prey postoperatorios. Método: estudio cualitativo-descriptivo llevado a cabo con 24 ancianos en hospital privado en Rio de Janeiro-Brasil y en domicilio. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales, seguidas de discusión con cada participante, entre septiembre y diciembre de 2017. Se aplicó el análisis de contenido temático en la organización de los datos. Resultados: categorías de análisis: concepciones sobre la enfermedad y la cirugía, fuentes de acceso a la información, la cultura del silencio en el contexto del cuidado en salud, y expectativas de las personas mayores sobre la cirugía y sus resultados. Los ancianos presentaron lagunas sobre lo que saben respecto a la cirugía y los cuidados pre y post operatorios; trajeron situaciones que reiteran, aveces, la cultura del silencio en la relación con los profesionales de salude hicieron proposiciones sobre qué consideraban importante en la educación en salud sobre el tema. Conclusiones: a partir de la reunión con los ancianos, fue posible evidenciar no solo sus conocimientos sobre la patología enfrentada yel procedimiento quirúrgico de cataratas, sino también evaluar, de forma integral, el proceso y los cambios necesarios en el ámbito de la promoción de la salud.

ABSTRACT Aim: To describe the knowledge and experiences of the elderly about cataract surgery and pre- and post-operative care. Method: This qualitative-descriptive study was conducted with 24 elderly people in a private hospital in Rio de Janeiro and at their homes. Individual interviews were held, followed by a discussion with each participant, between September and December 2017. Thematic content analysis was applied in the organization of the data. Results: Categories of Analysis: concepts of the disease and surgery, sources of access to information, the culture of silence in the context of health care, and expectations of the elderly about surgery and its results. The elderly had gaps in their knowledge about the surgery and pre- and post-operative care; spoke about situations that sometimes reiterated the culture of silence in their relationships with health professionals and made proposals about aspect of the topic that they considered important in health education. Conclusions: Based on meetings with the elderly, it was possible to show not only their knowledge about the pathology they faced and surgical procedure [for the treatment of cataracts], but also to fully assess the process and the changes required in the scope of health promotion.

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of ileal intussusception in calf

Background: Intussusception, characterized by invagination of an intestinal segment into the lumen of the adjacent segment, is one of the main causes of intestinal obstruction in cattle, and occurs more frequently in calves. The diagnosis of the disease is based on the history, clinical examination, and complementary exams, which are a challenge in this species, especially in calves, in which transrectal palpation is limited. As it is a non-invasive, effective, and low-cost test, ultrasonography could be an important tool in the diagnosis of intestinal obstructions, in which time is essential for the prognosis. Therefore, the objective was to report a case of intussusception in a calf diagnosed by ultrasound. Case: A 4-month-old calf, weaned at 3 months and raised intensively, was treated at the Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns, campus of the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (CBG/UFRPE), with a history of apathy, anorexia, and dyschezia for 3 days. On physical examination, fever, moderate dehydration, tachycardia, tachypnea with polypnea, bilaterally bulging abdomen, sound of fluid on ballottement, ruminal and intestinal hypomotility, and melena were observed. The hematological findings revealed leukocytosis due to neutrophilia (degenerate neutrophils), hypoproteinemia, and hyperfibrinogenemia. The analysis of the ruminal fluid showed compromised microbiota and increased chloride content. The transabdominal ultrasonography demonstrated, in the right ventral region, hypermotile and full small bowel loops and an increase in the volume of the peritoneal fluid. In addition, there was a segment of the small intestine which, in cross-section, showed multiple concentric rings ("onion rings", "target pattern", or "bull's eye") and adherence to adjacent loops, compatible with intestinal obstruction due to intussusception. Due to the seriousness of the clinical condition and the ultrasound findings, the animal was euthanized and the necropsy revealed focal fibrinous peritonitis and intestinal obstruction due to intussusception in ileum intestinal segments. Discussion: Intussusception has previously been reported in calves, however this is the first report of ultrasound diagnosis of the disease in Brazil. Although the etiology is rarely confirmed, the age group and recent changes in diet (weaning) were predisposing factors. The history, clinical signs, and laboratory tests were similar to those described in cattle with intussusception, however they may be present in other gastrointestinal illnesses. Other authors have also reported that the nonspecificity of the signs and the impossibility of performing transrectal palpation made it difficult to diagnose intestinal obstruction in calves without the use of other diagnostic tools. As it is a non-invasive and accurate technique, ultrasound has been used in ruminants for diagnostic purposes, including intestinal obstructions. In the present case, the main findings are described as the presence of a lesion with the appearance of multiple concentric rings, hypermotile, dilated, and full intestinal loops. The pathological findings were compatible with the ultrasound images and similar to those described by other authors, confirming the diagnosis. The use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool in cattle should be expanded, aiming at the early determination of diagnosis and prognosis, to reduce producer costs and animal discomfort. In cases of intussusception, late diagnosis makes treatment unfeasible.

Cardiac, energy and hormonal blood markers, and lactatemia in cows with displaced abomasum

Background: Displaced abomasum (DA) is a common and economically important disorder that affects dairy cattle. Nutritional factors and adaptive responses that occur in the peripartum play a central role in the pathogenesis. The measurement of blood metabolites represents a useful tool for monitoring and prognostic determination in affected animals. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate cardiac, energy and hormonal blood markers, lactatemia, and insulin sensitivity in cows diagnosed with right displaced abomasum (RDA) and left displaced abomasum (LDA), comparing them with each other. Materials, Methods & Results: Nineteen cases of abomasum displacement in cows were studied, including 9 cases of RDA and 10 cases of LDA. The diagnosis was established by means of physical examination and measurement of the concentration of chlorides in the ruminal fluid (> 30 mEq/L). After diagnosis, clinical-surgical therapeutic management was instituted. At the time of diagnosis (M1) and at the resolution of the case (M2), blood samples were collected to assess the variables: non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta hydroxybutyrate (βHB), L-lactate, creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose, insulin, and cortisol. In addition, insulin sensitivity was estimated using the Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (RQUICKI) and RQUICKI-βHB. The means of the variables were compared, separating the effects of groups (RDA and LDA) and moments (M1 and M2), at the level of 5% probability. The concentrations of NEFA, CK-MB, L-lactate, glucose, insulin, and cortisol were higher at M1 and the RQUICKI and RQUICKI-βHB indices were lower at this moment. L-lactate, CK, and CK-MB were higher in the RDA group, while cTnI, βHB, and LDH did not present a group or moment effect. Cardiac markers correlated with the energy profile metabolites, L-lactate, and cortisol. Discussion: The high...

A natureza do poder: técnica e açäo social / The nature of power: technique and social action

O texto interroga o caráter polissêmico da noçäo de rede, procurando distinguir os usos atuais desta noçäo dos classicamente formulados pelas Ciências Sociais. Com base nesta indicaçäo, trata a noçäo de rede por meio de duas opçöes analíticas: a reflexäo do poder e o teor das relaçöes societárias estimuladas pelas redes técnicas. A análise acontece, sobretudo, pela reflexäo do sentido da açäo social, sendo registrado o predomínio da açäo instrumental na modernidade radicalizada.

Tecnologias de informaçäo e comunicaçäo, saúde e vida metropolitana / Information and communication technologies, health and urban life

A autora parte da idéia de que os avanços técnicos e a vida urbana comandam a modernizaçäo do território e a administraçäo das relaçöes sociais. Analisa as características do processo de urbanizaçäo no capitalismo periférico, marcado pela concentraçäo demográfica sem o decorrente acesso à técnica. Discute de que modo esta reduzida incorporaçäo da técnica e, mais exatamente, sua distribuiçäo desigual, cria obstáculos para a humanizaçäo e enriquecimento cultural da vida metropolitana; discute, ainda, o impacto dessas transformaçöes na vida social, tanto em nível da construçäo dos seres sociais, quanto na emergência de novas tendências e desafios para a área saúde.

Brasil, território da desigualdade: descaminhos da modernizaçäo / Brazil, territory of inequality: no way of modernization

Aborda o amplo cenário engendrado pela modernização brasileira em suas diversas faces. Mescla enfoques que orientam a análise contemporânea da realidade do país. Aponta tendências contemporâneas no planejamento e na gestão do território. Destaca determinantes e impactos de interesses que se afirmaram na longa transição política dos anos 80. Entre os vários temas emergentes na análise das características contemporâneas do capitalismo que examina destacam-se: as novas fronteiras, as inovações tecnológicas e a destruição do meio ambiente pela produção moderna.

Guerra nas entranhas / War in the bowels

Apresenta orientação de como pais e professores podem conduzir uma conversa com a criança sobre as principais informações relativas aos temas abordados no livro: teníase (solitária), oxiuríase e ancilostomose (amarelão)...