ABSTRACT
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALY). Physical exercise is an effective non-pharmacological intervention to promote glycaemic control in T2DM. However, the optimal exercise parameters for glycemic control in individuals with T2DM remain unclear. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between physical training variables - frequency, intensity, type, duration, volume, and progression - and glycemic control in individuals with T2DM. Methods: A rapid systematic literature review was conducted on PubMed and LILACS databases. The PICOT strategy was employed to define the inclusion criteria. Eligible studies had to assess the impact of exercise parameters (frequency, intensity, type, duration, volume, and progression) on glycemic control indicators, primarily glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials were included in the review. The methodological quality of each study was assessed using the PEDro scale (PROSPERO - CRD 42021262614). Results: Out of 1188 papers initially identified, 18 reports met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. A total of 1,228 participants with T2DM (1086 in exercise groups) were included in the selected studies. Among these studies, 16 (88.9%) were RCTs and 2 (11.1%) were nRCTs. The age of participants ranged from 43.1 and 68.9 years, and the average intervention duration was 16.8 weeks. Data on adherence to the intervention, adverse events, detailed intervention protocol, and its impacts on glycaemic control, lipid profile, blood pressure, anthropometric measures, medication, body composition, and physical fitness are reported. Conclusion: The evidence supports the safety and effectiveness of physical exercises as non-pharmacological interventions for glycemic control. Aerobic, resistance and combined training interventions were associated with reductions in HbA1c and fasting glucose. The diversity of the physical exercise intervention protocols investigated in the studies included in this review is an important limitation to generalizing evidence-based practice. The call for action is mandatory to implement large-scale education programs on the prevention of diabetes and public health policies aimed to include well-planned and supervised exercise programs as an essential part of the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier (CRD42021262614).
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Humans , Adult , Infant , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Glycated Hemoglobin , Exercise , Physical Fitness , FastingABSTRACT
Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm and the leading cause cancer of death among women globally. In Brazil, survival rates vary according to the region and few studies have been conducted on breast cancer survival in less developed areas, such as the Amazon region. The aim of this study was to analyze the five-year survival rate and prognostic factors in women treated for breast cancer in the city of Belém in northern Brazil. A retrospective hospital-based cohort study was conducted (2007-2013). Sociodemographic, clinical/tumor, and treatment variables were obtained from the records at the Ophir Loyola Hospital. Survival analysis involved the Kaplan-Meier statistical method and Cox regression analysis was performed. The significance level was 5% (p <0.05). A total of 1,430 cases were analyzed. Mean survival time was 51.71 (± 17.22) months, with an estimated overall survival of 79.4%. In the multivariate analysis, referral from the public health care system, advanced clinical stage, lymph node involvement and metastasis were associated with worse prognosis and lower survival rate. Radiotherapy and hormone therapy were associated with increased survival. These findings can contribute to the development of regional strategies for early detection of breast cancer, reducing the incidence and mortality rates and increasing survival time.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Female , Humans , Survival Rate , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Brazil/epidemiology , Prognosis , Cohort Studies , Retrospective Studies , HospitalsABSTRACT
To evaluate the influence of the restorative approach and aging time on dentin bond strength (BS), failure mode (FM), and bottom/top microhardness ratio (B/T) in a large dentin cavity model. A total of 102 bovine incisors were used to produce models of conical dentin cavities (4.0 mm thickness × 4.8 mm top diameter × 2.8 mm bottom diameter), which were restored using semi-direct filling (SDF) (Filtek™ Z250 XT + Scotchbond™ Universal/RelyX™ Ultimate luting system), direct bulk filling (DBF) (Filtek™ One Bulk Fill), and direct incremental filling (DIF) (Filtek™ Z250 XT) techniques. B/T, BS, and FM (n = 17) were analyzed in a microhardness tester, a universal testing machine, and a stereomicroscope, respectively, after 24 h and 6 months of water storage. BS and B/T data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA/Tukey post-hoc test (p < 0.05), while FM data were analyzed descriptively. There was a statistically significant difference in BS between the restorative techniques, and BS was influenced by aging time in the DBF and SDF groups. Mixed failure was predominant for the SDF technique in both aging times. There was no statistically significant difference in B/T among the restorative approaches regardless of the aging time (p > 0.05). Although all restorative approaches provided similar B/T, the semi-direct technique showed better performance on the material bond strength to dentine in large cavities.
Subject(s)
Dental Bonding , Dental Caries , Animals , Cattle , Composite Resins/chemistry , Dental Cavity Preparation/methods , Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods , Dentin , Dentin-Bonding Agents/chemistry , Materials Testing , Resin Cements/chemistry , Tensile StrengthABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is accompanied by increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased antioxidant capacity, leading to oxidative damage to cellular components. There is evidence to suggest that regular physical training positively changes oxidative homeostasis in the cells and tissues by lowering basal levels of oxidative damage, increasing resistance to oxidative stress. Objective: To verify the possible effects of aerobic physical training and resistance on glycemia and oxidative metabolism, and to determine whether there is any difference in outcomes resulting from different types of training in sedentary people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A systematic review of controlled and randomized trials based on PRISMA. The databases LILACS, IBECS, Pubmed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, SciELO, PEDro, ScienceDirect and BIREME were searched, combining the descriptors type 2 diabetes mellitus, resistance training, aerobic exercise and oxidative stress in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The methodological quality of the papers was assessed by the PEDro scale. The data were read, analyzed, extracted and summarized. Results: Of the 1386 papers retrieved, only five met the inclusion criteria. The five selected papers, consisting of controlled and randomized clinical trials, were summarized. Conclusion: There have been many published studies reporting on exercises and diabetes. However, there is limitation when it comes to comparing their results. The variability of research methods and measurement instruments used makes it difficult to draw conclusions as to which physical training modality is most effective in reducing glycemic levels and oxidative stress in sedentary individuals with T2DM, considering that in each study analyzed in this review, the response to these variables is different. In future research, it would be important to standardize exercise modality, intensity, training time and evaluation parameters. Level of evidence I; Systematic review of RCTs (Randomized controlled trials).
RESUMO Introdução: A diabetes mellitus é acompanhada por um aumento da formação de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) e diminuição da capacidade antioxidante, levando a danos oxidativos dos componentes celulares. Há evidência sugerindo que o treinamento físico regular altera positivamente a homeostase oxidativa nas células e tecidos, ao diminuir os níveis basais de danos oxidativos, aumentando a resistência ao estresse oxidativo. Objetivo: Verificar possíveis efeitos do treinamento físico aeróbio e de resistência sobre a glicemia e o metabolismo oxidativo e determinar se há diferença nos desfechos dos diferentes tipos de treinamento em indivíduos sedentários com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Métodos: Revisão sistemática de estudos controlados e randomizados baseada no PRISMA. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados LILACS, IBECS, Pubmed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, SciELO, PEDro, ScienceDirect e BIREME combinando os descritores diabetes mellitus tipo 2, treinamento de resistência, exercício aeróbio e estresse oxidativo em português, inglês e espanhol. A qualidade metodológica dos artigos foi avaliada pela escala PEDro. Realizou-se a leitura, análise, extração e síntese dos dados. Resultados: De 1386 artigos consultados, apenas cinco atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Foi realizada a síntese dos cinco artigos selecionados, os quais consistem em ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados. Conclusão: Há muitos estudos publicados relacionando exercícios e diabetes, entretanto, há limitação quando se pretende comparar seus resultados. A variabilidade dos métodos de pesquisa e dos instrumentos de medição utilizados tornam difícil concluir sobre qual modalidade de treinamento físico é mais eficaz em relação à redução dos níveis glicêmicos e do estresse oxidativo em indivíduos sedentários com DM2, considerando que, em cada estudo analisado nessa revisão, a resposta para essas variáveis é diferente. Em futuras pesquisas seria importante padronizar a modalidade de exercício, intensidade, o tempo de treinamento e os parâmetros avaliativos. Nível de evidência I; Revisão sistemática de ECRC (Estudos clínicos randomizados e controlados).
RESUMEN Introducción: La diabetes mellitus es acompañada por un aumento de la formación de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) y disminución de la capacidad antioxidante, llevando a daños oxidativos de los componentes celulares. Algunas evidencias sugieren que el entrenamiento físico regular altera positivamente la homeostasis oxidativa en las células y tejidos, al disminuir los niveles basales de daños oxidativos, aumentando la resistencia al estrés oxidativo. Objetivo: Verificar posibles efectos del entrenamiento físico aeróbico y de resistencia sobre la glucemia y el metabolismo oxidativo, y determinar si hay diferencia en los desenlaces de los diferentes tipos de entrenamiento en individuos sedentarios con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Métodos: Revisión sistemática de estudios controlados y aleatorizados, con base en el PRISMA. Se utilizaron las bases de datos LILACS, IBECS, Pubmed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, SciELO, PEDro, ScienceDirect y BIREME combinando los descriptores diabetes mellitus tipo 2, entrenamiento de resistencia, ejercicio aeróbico y estrés oxidativo en portugués, inglés y español. La calidad metodológica de los artículos fue evaluada por la escala PEDro. Se procedió a la lectura, análisis, extracción y síntesis de los datos. Resultados: De 1386 artículos consultados, sólo cinco cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se hizo la síntesis de los cinco artículos seleccionados, que consisten en ensayos clínicos controlados y aleatorizados. Conclusión: Hay muchos estudios publicados relacionando ejercicios y diabetes, entretanto, existe limitación cuando se pretende comparar sus resultados. La variabilidad de los métodos de investigación y de los instrumentos de medición utilizados hacen que sea difícil concluir sobre qué modalidad de entrenamiento físico es más eficaz con relación a la reducción de los niveles glucémicos y del estrés oxidativo en individuos sedentarios con DM2, considerando que, en cada estudio analizado en esta revisión, la respuesta a estas variables es diferente. En futuras investigaciones sería importante estandarizar la modalidad de ejercicio, intensidad, el tiempo de entrenamiento y los parámetros evaluativos. Nivel de evidencia I; Revisión sistemática de ECAC (Estudios clínicos aleatorizados y controlados).
ABSTRACT
Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as características visuais, realizando macroscopia e microscopia óptica, além de enumeração de bolores e leveduras do peixe salgado comercializado no município de Bragança-Pa, sendo esta última verificação realizada em Ágar Batata acidificado. As seis coletas foram feitas entre Novembro e Dezembro de 2018, demonstrando macroscópica e microscopicamente significativas alterações. As colônias dos microorganismos mostraram-se representativas, densas e de coloração escura. Portanto, o produto comercializado é um risco a saúde do consumidor devido irregularidades em sua qualidade. Portanto, os órgãos públicos devem incentivar e promover melhorias para que o comércio possa oferecer um produto de qualidade, além de medidas para que haja conscientização sobre boas práticas de manipulação.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Meat/analysis , Meat/microbiology , Colony Count, Microbial , Food Contamination/analysis , Food Microbiology , Fishes/microbiologyABSTRACT
Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as características visuais, realizando macroscopia e microscopia óptica, além de enumeração de bolores e leveduras do peixe salgado comercializado no município de Bragança-Pa, sendo esta última verificação realizada em Ágar Batata acidificado. As seis coletas foram feitas entre Novembro e Dezembro de 2018, demonstrando macroscópica e microscopicamente significativas alterações. As colônias dos microorganismos mostraram-se representativas, densas e de coloração escura. Portanto, o produto comercializado é um risco a saúde do consumidor devido irregularidades em sua qualidade. Portanto, os órgãos públicos devem incentivar e promover melhorias para que o comércio possa oferecer um produto de qualidade, além de medidas para que haja conscientização sobre boas práticas de manipulação.
Subject(s)
Animals , Meat/analysis , Meat/microbiology , Colony Count, Microbial , Food Contamination/analysis , Food Microbiology , Fishes/microbiologyABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: As técnicas restauradoras desempenham um papel fundamental na longevidade clínica das restaurações, sobretudo em cavidades profundas em resina composta. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a influência da técnica restauradora (direta incremental, direta de incremento único e semidireta) e do tempo de envelhecimento (24 horas e 6 meses) na resistência ao cisalhamento por extrusão, nanoinfiltração e profundidade de polimerização em cavidades profundas. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 120 incisivos bovinos (n=20), onde a coroa foi separada da raiz e na porção coronária, foi realizado um preparo cavitário com 4,8mm de diâmetro superior, 2,8mm de diâmetro inferior e 4,0mm de profundidade. As amostras foram divididas em 6 grupos de acordo com a técnica restauradora e com o tempo de envelhecimento: BF 24hs, SD 24hs, CONV 24hs, BF 6 meses, SD 6 meses e CONV 6 meses. Os testes realizados foram: Profundidade de Polimerização (PP), Nanoinfiltração (NI) e Resistência ao cisalhamento por extrusão (RU). Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva e inferencial utilizando ANOVA Two Way com Post Hoc de Tukey (p<0,005). RESULTADO: Para RU, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as diferentes técnicas restauradoras (p<0,005), onde a técnica semidireta apresentou melhores resultados. Ainda nesta análise, não houve diferença significativa no tempo de envelhecimento (p>0,005) para cada técnica. Para PP não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as técnicas restauradoras em nenhum tempo de análise (p>0,005). Na NI a técnica semidireta não apresentou concentração de cristais de prata na interface adesiva, demonstrando assim, melhores resultados em relação à técnica convencional e de preenchimento único. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica semidireta, pelo bom comportamento mecânico e por apresentar menor incidência de nanoinfiltração na interface adesiva, pode ser indicada em cavidades profundas de dentes posteriores (AU).
INTRODUCTION: Restorative techniques make a fundamental role in the clinical longevity of restorations, especially in deep composite resin cavities. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the restorative technique (direct incremental, direct single fill and semi-direct) and aging time (24 hours and 6 months) on extrusion shear strength (push-out), nanoleakage (NK) and depth of polymerization (DP) in cavities deep. METHODS: A total of 120 bovine incisives (n=20) were used to separate the root and the coronary portion, with a cavity preparation of 4.8mm in diameter, 2.8mm in diameter and 4.0mm in depth. . As examples were divided into 6 groups according to the restorative technique and working time: BF 24hs, SD 24hs, CONV 24hs, BF 6 months, SD 6 months and CONV 6 months. The tests performed were depth of polymerization (DP), nanoleakage (NK) and extrusion shear strength (push-out). Data were applied using descriptive and inferential statistics using Two Way ANOVA with Tukey Post Hoc (p <0.005). RESULT: For push-out, there was a statistically significant variation between restorative variables (p <0.005), where the semidirect technique presented better results. Still in this analysis, there was no significant difference without aging time (p> 0.005) for each technique. For DP there was no statistically significant difference between restorative techniques at any time of analysis (p> 0.005). At NK, the semidirect technique did not show concentration of silver crystals at the adhesive interface, thus demonstrating better results than the conventional and single fill technique. CONCLUSION: The semidirect technique, due to its good mechanical behavior and the lower incidence of nanoleakage at the adhesive interface, can be indicated in deep posterior teeth cavities (AU).
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Stress, Mechanical , Dental Restoration Failure , Shear Strength , Analysis of Variance , Chemical PhenomenaABSTRACT
African mahogany (Khaya spp.) plantations are in expansion in Brazil and in the world. This fact justifies the need for studies related to its growth and yield. This paper aimed to evaluate the performance of single-entry and double-entry models for estimating merchantable and total volume for Khaya ivorensis plantations before the first thinning (7 years) and expected final cut (15 years). Volume data was from 100 and 46 trees in Minas Gerais and Pará states, respectively, by using an electronic dendrometer (Criterion RD 1000). Observed volumes were calculated by Smalian's formula. To validate the optical dendrometer, 10 trees were felled and had their volume measured, and compared with the volumes measured indirectly. The results showed that observed and estimated volumes were statistically equal, and that double-entry models were more precise than single-entry models. Schumacher and Hall model was the best equation to estimate merchantable volume for first thinning and for final cut in Minas Gerais stands. Spurr logarithmized model was the best equation to estimate total volume for first thinning and Spurr model for final cut in Pará stands. All chosen equations can be used to quantify merchantable and total volumes of Khaya ivorensis grown under similar conditions.
Subject(s)
Forestry/methods , Meliaceae/growth & development , Brazil , Models, TheoreticalABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: A fisioterapia respiratória tem obtido um importante espaço e reconhecimento ao possibilitar resultados de grande eficácia no tratamento intensivo do recém-nascido (RN) e do lactente. Um dos importantes objetos de trabalho da fisioterapia na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) neonatal e pediátrica são as técnicas de higiene brônquica rotineiramente utilizadas, as quais apresentam grande variabilidade. OBJETIVO: Verificar as evidências científicas a respeito dos possíveis efeitos benéficos ou adversos, indicações e contraindicações das técnicas de higiene brônquica mais utilizadas no RN e no lactente na UTI. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, utilizando ensaios clínicos, sem delimitação temporal, baseada no protocolo PRISMA. Foram utilizadas as seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, PEDro e ScienceDirect. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados um total de 154 artigos, apenas 10 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Destes 5 (50%) associam tapotagem/percussão torácica, drenagem postural, aspiração de vias aéreas superiores e/ou traqueal e vibração e/ou vibrocompressão torácica manual; 1 (10%) associa drenagem, vibração e percussão; 1 (10%) associa vibrocompressão e aspiração nasotraqueal; 1 (10%) associa percussão e vibração torácica; 1 (10%) estudo utiliza a aspiração traqueal e 1 (10%) utiliza a vibrocompressão torácica manual. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos estudos encontrados não relataram contraindicações relevantes para impedir o uso de técnicas de higiene brônquica na UTI neonatal e pediátrica, entretanto, alguns resultados foram controversos quanto a sua correta e eficaz indicação. [AU]
INTRODUCTION: Respiratory physiotherapy has been an important space and is capable of great efforts in the treatment of the newborn (NB) and the infant. The main work items of neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) are the routinely used bronchial hygiene techniques, such as those with great variability. OBJECTIVE: To verify the scientific evidences regarding the possible beneficial or adverse effects, indications and contraindications of the bronchic hygiene techniques most used in the NB and the infant in the ICU. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a systematic review, using clinical trials, without temporal delimitation, based on the PRISMA protocol. The following databases were used: PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, PEDro and ScienceDirect. RESULTS: A total of 154 articles were identified, only 10 met the inclusion criteria. These 5 (50%) associate tapping/thoracic percussion, postural drainage, aspiration of upper airways and/or tracheal and vibration and/or manual thoracic vibrocompression; 1 (10%) associates drainage, vibration and percussion; 1 (10%) associated vibrocompression and nasotracheal aspiration; 1 (10%) associates percussion and thoracic vibration; 1 (10%) study uses tracheal aspiration and 1 (10%) uses manual thoracic vibrocompression. CONCLUSION: Most studies found no relevant reported contraindications to prevent the use of bronchic hygiene techniques in the neonatal and pediatric ICU, however, some results were controversial as its correct and effective statement. [AU]
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Physical Therapy Specialty , InfantABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To study the intensity of inflammatory infiltrate and production of interleukin-1ß (ll-1ß), tumor necrosis factor-ß (TNF-ß), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and osteocalcin in response to in-office tooth bleaching in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups (n=5) according to the received treatment (tooth bleaching or no treatment - control) and the period of euthanasia after treatment (24 h or 10 days). We performed tooth bleaching using a 38% hydrogen peroxide gel on maxillary and mandibular incisors. After euthanasia, incisors (20 per group) were processed for histological analysis, immunohistochemistry staining of ll-1ß, TNF-ß, FGF-2 and GPX and osteocalcin by immunofluorescence. We analyzed data using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests (p<0.05). RESULTS: The bleached groups presented statistically significant differences regarding the pulp inflammation stage compared with the control groups. Bleached teeth showed moderate/severe inflammatory infiltrate and control groups presented absent inflammatory cells or a negligible number of mononuclear cells (p<0.001) at two times (24 h and 10 days). There was strong staining for ll-1ß, TNF-ß, and GPX in bleached groups at 24 h and strong staining for ll-1ß, TNF-ß, GPX and FGF-2 at 10 days. After 10 days of tooth bleaching, the bleached group showed a statistically superior amount of osteocalcin than the other groups (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Tooth bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide causes severe pulp inflammation, but characteristics of tissue repair after 10 days.
Subject(s)
Hydrogen Peroxide/adverse effects , Pulpitis/chemically induced , Pulpitis/pathology , Tooth Bleaching Agents/administration & dosage , Tooth Bleaching/adverse effects , Animals , Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/biosynthesis , Glutathione Peroxidase/biosynthesis , Immunohistochemistry , Interleukin-1beta/biosynthesis , Lymphotoxin-alpha/biosynthesis , Male , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Osteocalcin/biosynthesis , Pulpitis/metabolism , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Resumo: Este artigo reflete sobre o Beco dos Artistas, lugar localizado em Salvador, capital do estado da Bahia. O Beco dos Artistas é um local onde atualmente encontram-se quatro bares, e que se caracteriza por ser um espaço de sociabilidade GLS. Para muitos, é um gueto gay. No entanto, o Beco dos Artistas nem sempre foi considerado um lugar para homossexuais. No final dos anos setenta e início dos anos oitenta, manteve um vínculo muito forte com as classes artísticas e intelectuais de Salvador, e seu nome deriva disso. Meu propósito é refletir sobre a mudança de significados atribuídos ao Beco dos Artistas ao longo de sua história em termos de identidade e considerar como marcadores sociais como raça, classe e sexualidade contribuíram para a estigmatização atual do lugar. Os dados aqui analisados foram obtidos através de observação etnográfica realizada de 2008 a 2010.
Abstract: This article reflects about the Beco dos Artistas (Artists’ Alley), a place located in Salvador, capital city of the state of Bahia, Brazil. The Beco dos Artistas is an alley where we can find four bars, and that is characterized by being a space of GLS sociability. For many, it is a gay ghetto. However, the Beco dos Artistas was not always considered a place for homosexuals. In late seventies and early eighties, it kept a very strong link with Salvador´s artistic and intellectual classes, deriving its name from them. My purpose is to reflect about the changing meanings accorded to the Beco dos Artistas throughout its history in terms of identity, and to consider how social markers as race, class and sexuality contributed to the present stigmatization of the place. The data analyzed here were obtained through ethnographic observation carried out from 2008 to 2010.
Resumen: El presente artículo aborda el Beco dos Artistas (Callejón de los Artistas), localizado en Salvador, capital del estado de Bahía (Brasil). El Beco es un callejón que tiene cuatro bares y que se caracteriza por ser un espacio de sociabilidad GLS, para muchos, un “gueto gay”. Sin embargo, no siempre el Beco fue considerado un lugar para homosexuales. Inicialmente, mantenía una relación muy fuerte con la clase artística e intelectual de Salvador, de donde se origina su nombre. Mi objetivo en este artículo es reflexionar sobre los cambios que el significado del Beco sufrió a lo largo de su historia en términos de identidad, pensando de qué modo marcadores sociales como raza, clase y sexualidad contribuyen para la actual estigmatización del lugar. Los datos analizados fueron obtenidos a través de observación etnográfica realizada entre 2008 y 2010.
Subject(s)
Social Class , Social Identification , Homosexuality , Sexuality , Gender Diversity , Prejudice , Stereotyping , BrazilABSTRACT
Introdução: A respiração bucal ocasiona adaptações físicas e comportamentais que interferem na qualidade de vida infantil. Objetivo: Associar as adaptações craniofaciais e da articulação temporomandibular (ATM) à qualidade de vida de escolares respiradores bucais (RB). Métodos: Estudo transversal em RB (n = 73) do ensino fundamental, entre 7 e 14 anos. Fisioterapeutas avaliaram a ATM e a postura craniocervical por meio de exames clínicos e da biofotogrametria, respectivamente. Posteriormente, fisioterapeutas aplicaram questões relacionadas à alimentação, à escolaridade e ao sono desses indivíduos. Estatística: Teste binomial, teste tStudent e regressão logística. Resultados: Verificou-se que apresentar desvio em abertura (p < 0,02) e desvio em protrusão (p < 0,03) aumentaram as chances de os RB acordarem com a boca seca; apresentar desvio em protrusão aumentaram as chances de os RB mastigarem bem os alimentos (p < 0,05); apresentar desvio em OVERJET e idade ≥ 10 anos aumentaram as chances de os RB terem dificuldades em aprender quando comparados àqueles que não apresentaram o desvio (p = 0,07) e àqueles que estavam na faixa etária < 10 anos (p < 0,05), respectivamente. Conclusão: Os desvios em abertura, em protrusão e em OVERJET foram às adaptações da ATM que apresentaram mais chances de se associaram aos aspectos autopercebidos pelos RB em relação à alimentação, à escolaridade e ao sono. (AU)
Introduction: Mouth breathing causes physical and behavioral adaptations that interfere on the child's quality of life. Objective: To associate craniofacial and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) adaptations to the quality of life of mouth breathing school children. Methods: Cross-sectional study in mouth breathers (MB) (n = 73), between 7 and 14 years old. Physical therapists evaluated the TMJ and the craniocervical posture through clinical evaluation and the photogrammetry test, respectively. Then physical therapists applied an adapted questionnaire related to eating, school and sleep of these individuals. Statistics: Binomial test, t-Student test and logistic regression. Results: Presenting opening (p < 0.02) and protrusion (p < 0.03) deviations increased the odds ratio of the MB awaking up with dry mouth; protrusion deviation increased the odds ratio of the MB to chew better their food (p < 0.05); OVERJET deviation in age ≥ 10 years old increased the odds ratio of the MB having difficulty learning when compared to those who did not have the deviation (p = 0.07) and those who were < 10 years old (p < 0.05), respectively. Conclusion: Opening, protrusion and OVERJET deviations were the adjustments to the TMJ that presented more chances of being associated to the self-perceived aspects by the MB in relation to eating, scholarity and sleep. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Temporomandibular Joint , Educational Status , Mastication , SleepABSTRACT
Entre as principais doenças transmissíveis por transfusão estão a AIDS e a sífilis. O período de janela imunológica representa risco de transmissão dessas patologias, principalmente em bancos de sangue. Assim, a triagem deve ser capaz de identificar doadores com essas doenças. O presente estudo buscou apresentar uma revisão referente à coinfecção sífilis/HIV e sua importância no rastreamento em bancos de sangue. Foram revisadas as bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e LILACS dados da Organização Mundial de Saúde, e trabalhos para leitura suplementar. Os resultados demonstraram que a sífilis é um indicador para comportamentos sexuais de risco associados à transmissão do HIV. A importância da triagem em bancos de sangue e da análise da coinfecção sífilis/HIV tem sido demonstrada em diversos estudos. As duas doenças compartilham a mesma rota de transmissão e o período de janela imunológica da sífilis predispõe para o HIV, sendo que diversos fatores predispõem para a coinfecção, tais como o cancro da sífilis, que aumenta o número de células receptoras ao HIV, e de receptores expressos por essas células e a excreção de RNA do HIV-1 no sêmen. Grupos de alta prevalência desempenham papel relevante por possuírem risco aumentado durante o período de janela imunológica. Ensaios mais sensíveis têm sido utilizados para sífilis nos EUA e na Europa; assim, a triagem também pode auxiliar na exclusão de doadores que estão em grupos de alta prevalência para a infecção pelo HIV.(
Among the diseases transmitted by blood transfusion are AIDS and syphilis. The immunological window represents a risk of transmission of these diseases, especially in blood banks. Therefore, screening must be able to identify donors with these diseases. The aim of this study was to present a review related to syphilis/HIV coinfection and its importance in blood bank screening. Were reviewed the databases PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS, World Health Organization data, and supplementary studies. Our results showed that syphilis is an indicator of high-sexual risk behavior associated with HIV transmission. The importance of serological screening in blood banks and of the analysis of syphilis/HIV coinfection has been demonstrated in several studies. Both diseases share the same transmission route and the immunological window of syphilis predisposes to HIV. Additionally, different predisposing factors to coinfection, such as syphilis lesions, which increase the number of receptor cells to HIV and of receptors expressed by these cells and leading to increased excretion of HIV-1 RNA in semen. High prevalence groups play an important role because they have increased risk during the immunological window. More sensitive assays for syphilis have been used in the USA and Europe, and screening can also assist in the exclusion of donors who belong to groups with high prevalence of HIV infection.
Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Donors , Coinfection , HIV , SyphilisABSTRACT
This trial aimed to evaluate the inclusion of 10% of crude glycerin associated with roughage sources on the quality of meat aged for 1, 7 or 14 days post mortem of Nellore young bulls. Thirty feedlot animals (n = 10) with initial body weight of 416.70 ± 24.74 kg and 18 months of age were assigned to three treatments: corn silage (CS), sugar cane (SC) and sugar cane bagasse (CB), using a completely randomized design. After 85 days of feeding, animals were slaughtered with 554.51 ± 38.51 kg. Samples of longissimus muscle were collected, after carcass chilling, and vacuum-packed. Diets influenced pH, meat color and subcutaneous fat (SF) (p > 0.05). Animals fed CS showed higher values of b* in SF (p 0.05). Differences were not found in the meat fatty acid profile (p > 0.05). Aging times influenced pH and shear force of beef (p 0.05). Beef aged for 14 days showed higher pH (5.90) and lower shear force (2.40 kgf). Diets containing 10% crude glycerin in the DM associated with CS, SC or CB had no effect on the fatty acid profile in beef. The aging process for 14 days reduces shear force, improving meat quality.(AU)
Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão de 10% de glicerina bruta (GB) associada a fontes de volumosos sobre a qualidade da carne maturada em 24 horas, sete e 14 dias post mortem de tourinhos da raça Nelore. Utilizaram-se 30 animais confinados (n = 10), com peso inicial de 416,70 ± 24,74 kg e 18 meses de idade, sendo submetidos aos três tratamentos: silagem de milho (SM), cana-de-açúcar (CA) ou bagaço de cana (BC), utilizando delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Após 85 dias, os animais foram abatidos com 554,51 ± 38,51 kg. Amostras do longissimus foram coletadas após resfriamento das carcaças e embaladas a vácuo. A dieta influenciou o pH, a coloração da carne e da gordura subcutânea (GS; p 0,05). Animais alimentados com SM apresentaram maior valor de b* na GS (p 0,05). A dieta não modificou o perfil de ácidos graxos (AG) da carne (p > 0,05). A maturação influenciou pH e força de cisalhamento da carne (FC; p 0,05). Carnes maturadas aos 14 dias apresentaram maior pH (5,90) e menor FC (2,40 kgf). Dietas contendo 10% GB na MS associada à SM, CA ou BC não modificam os AG da carne. A maturação em 14 dias reduz a FC do longissimus, melhorando a qualidade da carne.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cattle , Meat/analysis , Meat/classification , Animal Feed/analysis , Dietary Fiber/analysis , Cattle/classification , Glycerol/administration & dosage , Glycerol/analysisABSTRACT
This trial aimed to evaluate the inclusion of 10% of crude glycerin associated with roughage sources on the quality of meat aged for 1, 7 or 14 days post mortem of Nellore young bulls. Thirty feedlot animals (n = 10) with initial body weight of 416.70 ± 24.74 kg and 18 months of age were assigned to three treatments: corn silage (CS), sugar cane (SC) and sugar cane bagasse (CB), using a completely randomized design. After 85 days of feeding, animals were slaughtered with 554.51 ± 38.51 kg. Samples of longissimus muscle were collected, after carcass chilling, and vacuum-packed. Diets influenced pH, meat color and subcutaneous fat (SF) (p > 0.05). Animals fed CS showed higher values of b* in SF (p 0.05). Differences were not found in the meat fatty acid profile (p > 0.05). Aging times influenced pH and shear force of beef (p 0.05). Beef aged for 14 days showed higher pH (5.90) and lower shear force (2.40 kgf). Diets containing 10% crude glycerin in the DM associated with CS, SC or CB had no effect on the fatty acid profile in beef. The aging process for 14 days reduces shear force, improving meat quality.
Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão de 10% de glicerina bruta (GB) associada a fontes de volumosos sobre a qualidade da carne maturada em 24 horas, sete e 14 dias post mortem de tourinhos da raça Nelore. Utilizaram-se 30 animais confinados (n = 10), com peso inicial de 416,70 ± 24,74 kg e 18 meses de idade, sendo submetidos aos três tratamentos: silagem de milho (SM), cana-de-açúcar (CA) ou bagaço de cana (BC), utilizando delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Após 85 dias, os animais foram abatidos com 554,51 ± 38,51 kg. Amostras do longissimus foram coletadas após resfriamento das carcaças e embaladas a vácuo. A dieta influenciou o pH, a coloração da carne e da gordura subcutânea (GS; p 0,05). Animais alimentados com SM apresentaram maior valor de b* na GS (p 0,05). A dieta não modificou o perfil de ácidos graxos (AG) da carne (p > 0,05). A maturação influenciou pH e força de cisalhamento da carne (FC; p 0,05). Carnes maturadas aos 14 dias apresentaram maior pH (5,90) e menor FC (2,40 kgf). Dietas contendo 10% GB na MS associada à SM, CA ou BC não modificam os AG da carne. A maturação em 14 dias reduz a FC do longissimus, melhorando a qualidade da carne.
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Cattle , Meat/analysis , Meat/classification , Dietary Fiber/analysis , Animal Feed/analysis , Cattle/classification , Glycerol/administration & dosage , Glycerol/analysisABSTRACT
This study evaluated the effect of different protein sources (soybean meal, cottonseed meal, peanut meal and sunflower meal) on dry matter and nutrient intake, productive performance and body measurements of dairy heifers, Holstein x Zebu, recreated in confinement. The experiment consisted in a randomized complete block design made up by 6 replications and 4 treatments. The mean values of ingestion of ether extract (EEI, kg day
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes fontes proteicas (farelo de soja, farelo de algodão, farelo de amendoim e farelo de girassol) sobre o consumo de matéria seca e nutrientes, desempenho produtivo e medidas corporais de novilhas leiteiras, mestiças Holandês x Zebu, recriadas em confinamento. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos casualizados, constituído por seis repetições e quatro tratamentos. Os valores médios de ingestão de extrato etéreo (IEE, kg dia-1) apresentaram diferença estatística (p < 0,05). A ingestão de fibra em detergente neutro em % do peso corporal foi superior (p < 0,05) na dieta com farelo de girassol (1,01 %PC) em relação à dieta com farelo de soja (0,84 %PC). O ganho médio de peso corporal promovido pela dieta com o farelo de soja foi superior (0,95 kg dia-1) à dieta com farelo de girassol (0,82 kg dia-1), e no peso corporal final a dieta com o farelo de soja foi superior aos demais (p < 0,05). A medida biométrica perímetro torácico apresentou maior grau de associação com o peso corporal (0,93). O farelo de soja proporciona melhor desempenho produtivo a novilhas mestiças Holandesa x Zebu, alimentadas com dietas à base de cana-de-açúcar. Contudo, o farelo de algodão, farelo de amendoim e farelo de girassol pode ser possíveis substitutos do farelo de soja.
Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Cattle , Cattle/anatomy & histology , Cattle/physiology , Cattle/metabolism , Diet, High-Protein/veterinary , Body Weights and Measures/veterinaryABSTRACT
This study evaluated the effect of different protein sources (soybean meal, cottonseed meal, peanut meal and sunflower meal) on dry matter and nutrient intake, productive performance and body measurements of dairy heifers, Holstein x Zebu, recreated in confinement. The experiment consisted in a randomized complete block design made up by 6 replications and 4 treatments. The mean values of ingestion of ether extract (EEI, kg day <->1) were statistically different (p < 0.05). The neutral detergent fiber intake (NDFI, %BW) also presented differences (p < 0.05), with higher values in the diet containing sunflower meal (1.01% BW) in relation to the diet with soybean meal (0.84% BW). The average daily weight gain using the diet with soybean meal was superior (0.95 kg day-> <->1) to the diet with sunflower meal (0.82 kg day-> <->1), and considering the final body weight, the diet with soybean meal was superior to the other treatments (p < 0.05). The heart girth presented greater association with body weight (0.93). The soybean meal promoted the best productive performance of crossbred Holstein x Zebu heifers fed diets based on sugarcane. However, cottonseed meal, peanut meal and sunflower meal can be possible alternatives to soybean meal.(AU)->
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes fontes proteicas (farelo de soja, farelo de algodão, farelo de amendoim e farelo de girassol) sobre o consumo de matéria seca e nutrientes, desempenho produtivo e medidas corporais de novilhas leiteiras, mestiças Holandês x Zebu, recriadas em confinamento. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos casualizados, constituído por seis repetições e quatro tratamentos. Os valores médios de ingestão de extrato etéreo (IEE, kg dia-1) apresentaram diferença estatística (p < 0,05). A ingestão de fibra em detergente neutro em % do peso corporal foi superior (p < 0,05) na dieta com farelo de girassol (1,01 %PC) em relação à dieta com farelo de soja (0,84 %PC). O ganho médio de peso corporal promovido pela dieta com o farelo de soja foi superior (0,95 kg dia-1) à dieta com farelo de girassol (0,82 kg dia-1), e no peso corporal final a dieta com o farelo de soja foi superior aos demais (p < 0,05). A medida biométrica perímetro torácico apresentou maior grau de associação com o peso corporal (0,93). O farelo de soja proporciona melhor desempenho produtivo a novilhas mestiças Holandesa x Zebu, alimentadas com dietas à base de cana-de-açúcar. Contudo, o farelo de algodão, farelo de amendoim e farelo de girassol pode ser possíveis substitutos do farelo de soja.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Cattle/anatomy & histology , Cattle/metabolism , Cattle/physiology , Body Weights and Measures/veterinary , Diet, High-Protein/veterinaryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A descriptive study was carried out in an area of the Atlantic Forest with autochthonous malaria in the Parelheiros subdistrict on the periphery of the municipality of São Paulo to identify anopheline fauna and anophelines naturally infected with Plasmodium as well as to discuss their role in this peculiar epidemiological context. METHODS: Entomological captures were made from May 2009 to April 2011 using Shannon traps and automatic CDC traps in four areas chosen for their different patterns of human presence and incidences of malaria (anthropic zone 1, anthropic zone 2, transition zone and sylvatic zone). Natural Plasmodium infection was detected by nested PCR based on amplification of the 18S rRNA gene. RESULTS: In total, 6,073 anophelines were collected from May 2009 to April 2011, and six species were identified in the four zones. Anopheles cruzii was the predominant species in the three environments but was more abundant in the sylvatic zone. Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii specimens from the anthropic and sylvatic zones were positive for P. vivax and P. malariae. An. (Ker.) bellator, An. (Nys.) triannulatus, An. (Nys.) strodei, An. (Nys.) lutzi and An. (Ano) maculipes were found in small numbers. Of these, An. (Nys.) triannulatus and An. (Nys.) lutzi, which were collected in the anthropic zone, were naturally infected with P. vivax while An. (Nys.) triannulatus from the anthropic zones and An. (Nys.) strodei from the transition zone were positive for P. malariae. CONCLUSION: These results confirm that Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii plays an important role as a major Plasmodium vector. However, the finding of other naturally infected species may indicate that secondary vectors are also involved in the transmission of malaria in the study areas. These findings can be expected to help in the implementation of new measures to control autochthonous malaria in areas of the Atlantic Forest.
Subject(s)
Anopheles/parasitology , Insect Vectors/parasitology , Malaria/parasitology , Plasmodium/isolation & purification , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Ecosystem , Female , Humans , Malaria/epidemiology , Plasmodium/classification , Plasmodium/genetics , TreesABSTRACT
In order to assess the epidemiological potential of the Culicidae species in remaining areas of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, specimens of this family were collected in wild and anthropic environments. A total of 9,403 adult mosquitoes was collected from May, 2009 to June, 2010. The most prevalent among species collected in the wild environment were Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii, the Melanoconion section of Culex (Melanoconion), and Aedes serratus, while the most common in the anthropic site were Coquillettidia chrysonotum/albifera, Culex (Culex) Coronator group, and An. (Ker.) cruzii. Mosquito richness was similar between environments, although the abundance of individuals from different species varied. When comparing diversity patterns between environments, anthropic sites exhibited higher richness and evenness, suggesting that environmental stress increased the number of favorable niches for culicids, promoting diversity. Increased abundance of opportunistic species in the anthropic environment enhances contact with culicids that transmit vector-borne diseases.