ABSTRACT
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) may develop malignant characteristics and transform into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in a range of 1% to 2% of cases. Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with carcinogenesis, but its mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. ALDH1A1 and 2, isoenzymes responsible for aldehyde oxidation involved in ethanol metabolism may be associated with the development of malignant head and neck neoplasms. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of ALDH1A1 and ALDH2 in oral leukoplakia with epithelial dysplasia (OLP) and OSCC. A retrospective study was conducted on 27 cases of OLP and 30 cases of OSCC. Clinical data were obtained from medical records, and all cases were classified as mild, moderate, and severe for OLP, and well-differentiated, moderately differentiated, or poorly differentiated for OSCC cases. The ALDH1A1 and ALDH2 expression in OLP and OSCC was evaluated by the immunohistochemical technique. There was predominance of the male sex, in both OLP and OSCC cases. Oral tongue was the most affected site in both groups. OLP showed positive protein expression of ALDH1A1 in all cases, both basal and suprabasal epithelial layers, whereas ALDH2 showed less protein expression. In OSCC, the immunohistochemical reaction for ALDH1A1 expression was negative in 70%, whereas ALDH2 expression was positive in all cases. This study demonstrated the gradual loss of ALDH1A1 expression in OSCC in comparison with OLP, and the increased ALDH2 expression in OSCC.
Subject(s)
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family/biosynthesis , Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial/biosynthesis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Leukoplakia, Oral , Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis , Retinal Dehydrogenase/biosynthesis , Tongue Neoplasms , Adult , Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/enzymology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Epithelium/enzymology , Epithelium/pathology , Female , Humans , Leukoplakia, Oral/enzymology , Leukoplakia, Oral/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Tongue Neoplasms/enzymology , Tongue Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The malignant transformation of laryngeal papillomatosis (LP) into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can occur in up to 4% of LP cases. The low-risk HPV types 6 and 11 are those that are most commonly related to LP; however, high-risk HPV types may be present. The present study reviews the literature on cases of malignant transformation of LP in adults and reports a clinical case. CASE REPORT: A 47-year-old male patient exhibiting hoarseness for 4 months presented an exophytic lesion in the right palatine tonsil and a digitiform-like lesion in the right vocal fold. The biopsy revealed a well-differentiated SCC in the vocal cord, which showed a transition zone with a squamous papillomatous lesion. By using the chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) test, both lesions showed a positive result for high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 and negative for low-risk HPV types 6 and 11. The final diagnosis was SCC arising from LP. The patient underwent surgical treatment. After 36 months of follow-up, no signs of recurrence were observed. RESULTS: The literature review revealed 25 cases of malignant transformation into SCC of LP with adult onset. Of these, only 9 cases were assessed by CISH and/or PCR for HPV identification, of which 7 were positive. The current study focuses on the eighth case, suggesting the involvement of the high-risk HPV types in its pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: LP is considered a benign lesion with the potential for malignant transformation, which reinforces the need for its early diagnosis and the constant monitoring of patients with LP.
ABSTRACT
Oral focal mucinosis is a rare condition, clinically characterized by an asymptomatic swelling, without distinct, specific features, which occurs predominantly in adults of the female gender. Its clinical aspect leads to various differential diagnoses, and final diagnosis is only possible by means of histopathological exam, in which a well-delimited myxomatous area containing mucinous material is observed. In the present study, a review of the English-language literature about the lesion, was conducted, covering the period from 1974 to March 2015. We report two new cases, thereby contributing to the knowledge and differential diagnosis of this entity.
Subject(s)
Gingival Diseases/diagnosis , Mucinoses/diagnosis , Adult , Female , Gingival Diseases/pathology , Humans , Male , Mouth Diseases/diagnosis , Mouth Diseases/pathology , Mucinoses/pathologyABSTRACT
Candida albicans é uma levedura oportunista que apresenta um conjunto de fatores de virulência que conferem uma maior patogenicidade a estes micro- organismos. Neste trabalho foram estudadas a expressão de determinados fatores de virulência de C. albicans isoladas de cavidade bucal, com ênfase na formação de biofilme, e a atividade antifúngica e o impacto de concentrações subinibitórias de derivados de chalconas na formação de biofilme por estes micro-organismos. Os compostos foram avaliados quanto à toxicidade pelo ensaio de letalidade de Artemia salina e determinação da dose letal a 50% (DL 50 ) ao micro-crustáceo. Nas chalconas sintetizadas, manteve-se o grupameno hidroxil no anel B e foram feitas modificações no anel A que resultaram em diferenças na toxicidade dos compostos variando de 714,3 a 1798,1?g/mL. As leveduras expressaram de forma variável os fatores de virulência com predomínio de alta produção de fosfolipases, aspartil proteinases e com formação do tubo germinativo em até duas horas. A formação de biofilmes foi categorizada em dois grupos distintos nos quais 16 (48%) leveduras foram consideradas como formadoras fracas e 17 (52%) como formadoras fortes. A susceptibilidade as chalconas foi > 1000?g/mL exceto para (E)-1-fenil-3-(4-hidroxifenil) prop-2-em-1-ona que apresentou uma concentração inibitória mínima de 62,5?g/mL para os isolados e de 250?g/mL para a cepa de C. albicans ATCC 10231. Entretanto, concentrações subinibitórias das chalconas apresentaram uma significativa atividade inibitória da formação de biofilme por C. albicans, com graus de inibição variando de 75 a 90%, o que indica a potencial utilização destes compostos na inibição deste importante fator de virulência.(AU)
Candida albicans is an opportunistic yeast that has a number of virulence factors that increase pathogenicity of these micro-organisms. In this study the expression of certain virulence factors were studied of C. albicans isolated from the oral cavity with emphasis on biofilm formation and antifungal activity and the impact of subinibitory concentrations of derivatives of chalconas in biofilm formation by these micro-organisms. The compounds were evaluated for toxicity testing of brine shrimp lethality and determination of 50% lethal dose (LD50) to the micro-crustacean. In synthesized chalconas, remained grouping the hydroxyl in ring B and ring modifications were made on the resulting differences in toxicity of the compounds ranging from 714.3 to 1798.1 ?g/mL. Yeasts shown variable expressed virulence factors with prevalence of high production of phospholipases, aspartyl proteases and formation of germ tube within two hours. The biofilm formation was categorized into two distinct groups in which 16 (48%) yeasts were considered as poor and 17 trainers (52%) as forming strong. Susceptibility was chalcones ? 1000 ?g/mL except for (E)-1-phenyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one, which showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 62.5?g/mL for the clinical isolates and 250?g/mL for the strain of C. albicans ATCC 10231. However, subinibitory concentrations of chalcones showed significant inhibitory activity of biofilm formation by C. albicans with degrees of inhibition ranging from 75 to 90%, indicating the potential use of these compounds in the inhibition of this important virulence factor.(AU)
Subject(s)
Candida albicans/virology , Biofilms , Virulence Factors , ChalconesABSTRACT
O bisturi harmônico Harmonic® foi introduzido na prática cirúrgica há mais de uma década, com o intuito de minimizar os riscos das tecnologias eletro-cirúrgicas, dano energético local e/ou periférico, além de complicações associadas a energia monopolar. Tem como característica a conversão da energia elétrica em energia mecânica, levando a lâmina ativa à vibração de 55.500 Hz por segundo produzindo um aquecimento secundário, que promove a formação de um coágulo adesivo enquanto corta, selando veias e vasos linfáticos de até 5 mm de diâmetro. Contribui com a diminuição do tempo de cirurgia, perda sanguínea e dor pós-operatória, com temperaturas inferiores quando comparado com bisturi elétrico e lasers de alta potência. Tendo em vista as diversas vantagens atribuídas ao bisturi harmônico e a escassez de literatura concernente, julgou-se necessário um estudo que avalie os parâmetros na reparação tecidual do tratamento cirúrgico com bisturi harmônico Harmônic® quando comparado com o convencional, levando-se em consideração os estágios da reparação tecidual na língua. Para isso, foi realizada indução a necrose em borda lateral de língua em 18 ratos, divididos em 2 grupos para remoção cirúrgica da lesão com bisturi harmônico Harmônic® e bisturi convencional. Tomadas as medidas pós-operatórias, 3 ratos por grupo foram sacrificados em 7, 14 e 28 dias e submetidos às análises macroscópica e microscópica. Apesar das diferenças clínicas e histológicas observadas nos tempos iniciais, ao final, a qualidade do processo de reparo foi semelhante em ambos os grupos
The Harmonic® scalpel (HS) was shown in surgical practice for more than a decade, with the aim of minimizing the risks of electro-surgical technologies, local energy damage and/or peripheral, in addition to complications associated with monopolar energy. Characterize by the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy leading to active blade vibration of 55,500 Hz per second producing a secondary heating which promotes the formation of a blood clot while cutting, adhesive sealing veins and lymphatic vessels of up to 5 mm in diameter. Contributes to the reduction of the time of surgery, postoperative pain and blood loss with lower temperatures when compared to electric scalpel and high-power lasers radiation. Considering the several advantages attributed to HS and the paucity of literature regarding was de emed necessary a study that evaluates the parameters on tissue repair of surgical treatment with HS when compared with the conventional scalpel (CS), taking into account the stages of tissue repair in the tongue. For that a necrosis induction of lateral border of tongue was held in 18 rats divided into 2 groups for surgical removal of the lesion with HS and CS. Three rats per group were sacrificed at 7, 14 and 28 days and subjected to macroscopic and microscopic analyses. Despite the clinical and histological differences observed in early times and in the end, the quality of the repair process was similar in both groups