CD38+CD8+ and CD38+CD4+ T Cells and IFN Gamma (+874) Polymorphism Are Associated with a Poor Virological Outcome.

The main objective of the work was to evaluate the use of CD38 on T lymphocytes, IFNγ (+874 A/T), and IL-10 (-1082 A/G) polymorphisms in HIV-infected patients under antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. Sixty-one patients were selected at the outpatient clinic for HIV infection at the Hospital São José de Doenças Infecciosas, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. The patients were classified into two groups, according to viral load after one year of ARV therapy. In the aviremic group (group I), a reduction of 35.5% of CD38+CD4+ T cells was observed (p = 0.02) and 49.3% of CD38+CD8+ T cells (p = 0.001). In the viremic group (group II), a reduction of 37.2% of CD38+CD4+ T cells (p = 0.067), and 21.4% of CD38+CD8+ T cells (p = 0.60) occurred. No association was found between IL-10 (-1082) polymorphism and the type of response to ARV therapy. Regarding the gene polymorphism on IFNγ (+874 T/A), 73.34% of group I and 33.3% of group II presented the AA genotype. The relative risk of the individuals carrying AA genotype or the A allele and not being able to suppress the viral load level after one year of ARV therapy was 3.44 (1.25-9.45; p = 0.014) or 2.35 (1.05-5.26; p = 0.027), respectively. Our data suggested that an augmented frequency of activated CD38+CD8+ T cells as well as the presence of the A allele of IFNγ polymorphism could contribute to a reduced virological suppression in patients under antiretroviral therapy.

Infecção ativa pelo citomegalovírus, em pacientes transplantados renais, detectada pela PCR em tempo real

O citomegalovírus (CMV) é um vírus altamente prevalente em todo mundo. Em pacientes transplantados, é o agente mais comum de infecção, com uma incidência variando de 20 a 60% e mortalidade podendo chegar a 90%. O aparecimento de infecções no período pós-transplante é determinado pelo perfil sorológico da dupla receptor/doador. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a infecção ativa pelo citomegalovírus (CMV) em pacientes transplantados renais utilizando a técnica de PCR em Tempo Real. O estudo foi do tipo transversal, retrospectivo e quantitativo onde participaram 132 pacientes submetidos a transplante renal no Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio (HUWC) da Universidade Federal do Ceará, que realizaram a pesquisa de CMV pela técnica de PCR em tempo real, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2012. Foi feita a análise da soroprevalência para CMV do par Doador/Receptor mostrando que a maioria dos receptores (85,6%) e seus respectivos doadores (87,9%) eram soropositivos para CMV antes da realização do transplante. Os 132 receptores foram distribuídos em quatro grupos em função da sorologia para CMV do par Doador/Receptor antesda realização dos transplantes...

The cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a highly prevalent virus worldwide.On transplanted pacients, he’s the most common agent of infection with 20 to 60% of incidence and mortality reaching 90%. The emergence of infections in the post-transplant period is determined by serological profile of the pair donor/recipient. The study was cross-sectional, retrospective and quantitative attended 132 patients undergoing renal transplantation at University Hospital Walter Cantídio (HUWC) of the Federal University of Ceará, who carried out the research CMV by PCR in real time, from January to December 2012. The analysis was made for the prevalence of CMV pair donor / recipient showing that most receivers (85.6%) and their donors (87.9%) were seropositive for CMV before the transplant. The 132 recipients were distributed according to the serology for CMV pair of Donor / Receiver before the transplant...

Interleukin-10 gene polymorphism (-1082G/A) and allergy to efavirenz in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between polymorphism in the interleukin-10 gene promoter at position -1082 in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients who had presented allergic reaction due to efavirenz. The study included 63 patients treated at the Hospital São José de Doenças Infecciosas, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Twenty-one patients who had presented allergic reaction to efavirenz were compared to 42 patients with no allergic reaction following exposure to this drug. Blood samples were collected for DNA extraction and submitted to the restriction fragment length polymorphism - polymerase chain reaction technique. The -1082AA genotype was significantly more frequent in allergic patients as compared to non-allergic patients (p=0.019; χ(2)=5.534; OR=3.625; 95% CI=1.210-10.860). Likewise the allele IL-10 -1082A was identified significantly more often among efavirenz allergic patients than in the non-allergic group (p=0.009; χ(2)=6.787; OR=3.029; 95% CI=1.290-7.111). These findings suggest that the polymorphism in the interleukin-10 gene promoter -1082G/A can be related to the development of allergic reactions to efavirenz.

Red blood cell and leukocyte alloimmunization in patients awaiting kidney transplantation.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the rates of red blood cell and leukocyte alloimmunization in patients with chronic kidney disease awaiting kidney transplantation. METHODS: In this cross-sectional and prospective study, the serum of 393 chronic kidney disease patients on a transplant waiting list in Ceará, Northeastern Brazil were tested for red cell and leukocyte antibodies. In addition, demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected. RESULTS: The average age in the sample of 393 patients was 34.1 ± 14 years. Slightly more than half (208; 52.9%) were male. The average numbers of transfusions and gestations were 3.1 ± 3.3 and 1.6 ± 6, respectively. One third (33.6%) were alloimmunized: 78% with leukocyte antibodies, 9.1% with red cell antibodies and 12.9% with both. Red cell antibodies were detected in 29 cases (7.4%), 17 of whom were women, who had received more transfusions than the males (p-value < 0.0001). The most frequently detected red cell antibodies belonged to the Rh (24.1%) and Kell (13.8%) blood group systems. Leukocyte antibodies were detected in 30.5% of cases, 83 of whom were women, who had received more transfusions than the males (p-value < 0.0001) and were more reactive to panel reactive antibodies (p-value < 0.0001). The mean alloreactivity to panel reactive antibodies was 47.7 ± 31.2%. CONCLUSION: Chronic kidney disease patients on the transplant waiting list in Ceará, Brazil, display high rates of red cell (7.4%) and leukocyte (30.5%) alloimmunization. In this sample, alloimmunization was significantly associated with the number of transfusions and gender.

Red blood cell and leukocyte alloimmunization in patients awaiting kidney transplantation

Objective: To determine the rates of red blood cell and leukocyte alloimmunization in patients with chronic kidney disease awaiting kidney transplantation. Methods: In this cross-sectional and prospective study, the serum of 393 chronic kidney disease patients on a transplant waiting list in Ceará, Northeastern Brazil were tested for red cell and leukocyte antibodies. In addition, demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected. Results: The average age in the sample of 393 patients was 34.1 ± 14 years. Slightly more than half (208; 52.9%) were male. The average numbers of transfusions and gestations were 3.1 ± 3.3 and 1.6 ± 6, respectively. One third (33.6%) were alloimmunized: 78% with leukocyte antibodies, 9.1% with red cell antibodies and 12.9% with both. Red cell antibodies were detected in 29 cases (7.4%), 17 of whom were women, who had received more transfusions than the males (p-value < 0.0001). The most frequently detected red cell antibodies belonged to the Rh (24.1%) and Kell (13.8%) blood group systems. Leukocyte antibodies were detected in 30.5% of cases, 83 of whom were women, who had received more transfusions than the males (p-value < 0.0001) and were more reactive to panel reactive antibodies (p-value < 0.0001). The mean alloreactivity to panel reactive antibodies was 47.7 ± 31.2%. Conclusion: Chronic kidney disease patients on the transplant waiting list in Ceará, Brazil, display high ...

Aids no Brasil: uma epidemia em transformação / Aids in Brazil: an epidemic diseases in transformation

O quadro da AIDS no Brasil evidencia uma epidemia que tem sofrido transformações na sua evolução e distribuição geográfica. O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever o atual perfil epidemiológico da AIDS no Brasil. Trata-se de uma análise retrospectiva, descritiva e observacional dos casos de AIDS notificados ao Minitério da Saúde, no período de 1980 a 2007. No início da epidemia, os casos de AIDS se concentravam nas grandes cidades do Sul e Sudeste, em indivíduos jovens do sexo masculino com nível sócio econômico elevado e considerados de grupo de risco. Atualmente, o perfil epidemiológico da AIDS está passando por grandes transformações. A epidemia está vançando para as regiões Norte e Nordeste, em indivíduos com idade acima de 50 anos, em ambos os sexos. A AIDS passou a atingir as mulheres, principalmente na faixa etária reprodutiva, o que pode acarretar aumenta da transmissão vertical do HIV, de mãe para filho. Observa-se um número maior de casos de AIDS em indivíduos heterosexuais e estabilização do número de casos em homosexuais. É imperativo que toda a sociedade em geral participe ativamente das campanhas de prevenção e conscientização da população para a vulnerabilidade de todos frente ao risco de contrair AIDS.