Worker evaluation of a macroergonomic intervention in a Brazilian footwear company.

This article presents a macroergonomic intervention in a Brazilian footwear company and its evaluation by the workers. Using participatory ergonomics, the traditional Taylor/Ford production system was transformed into a socio-technical one and tested by 100 volunteers working during 3.5 years in a pilot production line. Multiskilling and teamwork were the major changes promoted to enlarge and enrich work and make it more flexible. The workers' evaluation pre- and post-intervention showed an increase in overall satisfaction with the work and more commitment to the results and company targets. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: This study showed that problems and solutions can be identified through participatory ergonomics, that it is easier to involve workers than the managerial staff, and that a macroergonomic intervention, mainly focusing on work organization, led to positive personnel, health and production outcomes, despite management's resistance to changes.

Cost-benefit analysis of a socio-technical intervention in a Brazilian footwear company.

This article presents a costs-benefits analysis of a macroergonomic intervention in a Brazilian footwear company. Comparing results of a pilot line (composed by 100 multiskilled workers organized in teams) with eight traditional lines (still working in a one human being/one task model) the intervention showed to be worth pursuing since achieved gains were higher than intervention costs: there was a reduction in human resource costs (80% reduction in industrial accidents, 100% reduction in work-related musculoskeletal disorders or WMSD, medical consultations and turnover, and a 45.65% reduction in absenteeism) and production improvement (productivity increased in 3% and production waste decrease to less than 1%). The net intervention value of the intervention was around U$ 430,000 with a benefit-to-cost ratio of 7.2. Moreover, employees who worked in the pilot line understood that their quality of work life improved, compensating the anxiety brought up by the radical changes implemented.

Influence of a programme of professional calibration in the variability of landmark identification using cone beam computed tomography-synthesized and conventional radiographic cephalograms.

OBJECTIVES: The validity of any measurement obtained through a cephalogram largely depends on the reproducibility of the cephalometric landmarks. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of a programme of professional calibration (PPC) on the variability of landmark identification comparing conventional radiographs and cone beam CT (CBCT)-synthesized cephalograms. METHODS: 5 graduate students in oral radiology identified 20 cephalometric landmarks from cephalograms generated from conventional radiographs (RADs), Ray-Sum CBCT-synthesized cephalograms (CBTs) and half-skull CBT (HSTs) from 10 patients. After a period of reinforcement on instruction and calibration with inter- and intraexaminer assessment of reproducibility (intraclass coefficient correlation scores > 0.75) for RADs, CBTs and HSTs obtained from 5 different patients, observers were asked to repeat the analysis of the first 10 patients under the same circumstances. Values in millimetres represented each landmark in a table of Cartesian co-ordinates (x- and y-axes). RESULTS: ANOVA showed significant reduction in variability levels after the PPC, and there were no differences among the methods of image acquisition. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated that the PPC accounted for reduction in variability levels in 14 of 20 landmarks. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that a PPC has more influence than the type of image acquisition on variability of landmark identification based on two-dimensional cephalometric analysis. Cephalograms obtained from RAD or CBCT can be considered equivalent for clinical and experimental applications.