Molecular Interplay between Non-Host Resistance, Pathogens and Basal Immunity as a Background for Fatal Yellowing in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Plants.

An oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) bud rod disorder of unknown etiology, named Fatal Yellowing (FY) disease, is regarded as one of the top constraints with respect to the growth of the palm oil industry in Brazil. FY etiology has been a challenge embraced by several research groups in plant pathology throughout the last 50 years in Brazil, with no success in completing Koch's postulates. Most recently, the hypothesis of having an abiotic stressor as the initial cause of FY has gained ground, and oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) damaging the root system has become a candidate for stress. Here, a comprehensive, large-scale, single- and multi-omics integration analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome profiles on the leaves of oil palm plants contrasting in terms of FY symptomatology-asymptomatic and symptomatic-and collected in two distinct seasons-dry and rainy-is reported. The changes observed in the physicochemical attributes of the soil and the chemical attributes and metabolome profiles of the leaves did not allow the discrimination of plants which were asymptomatic or symptomatic for this disease, not even in the rainy season, when the soil became waterlogged. However, the multi-omics integration analysis of enzymes and metabolites differentially expressed in asymptomatic and/or symptomatic plants in the rainy season compared to the dry season allowed the identification of the metabolic pathways most affected by the changes in the environment, opening an opportunity for additional characterization of the role of hypoxia in FY symptom intensification. Finally, the initial analysis of a set of 56 proteins/genes differentially expressed in symptomatic plants compared to the asymptomatic ones, independent of the season, has presented pieces of evidence suggesting that breaks in the non-host resistance to non-adapted pathogens and the basal immunity to adapted pathogens, caused by the anaerobic conditions experienced by the plants, might be linked to the onset of this disease. This set of genes might offer the opportunity to develop biomarkers for selecting oil palm plants resistant to this disease and to help pave the way to employing strategies to keep the safety barriers raised and strong.

Osmoprotectants play a major role in the Portulaca oleracea resistance to high levels of salinity stress-insights from a metabolomics and proteomics integrated approach.

Introduction: Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a non-conventional food plant used extensively in folk medicine and classified as a multipurpose plant species, serving as a source of features of direct importance to the agricultural and agri-industrial sectors. This species is considered a suitable model to study the mechanisms behind resistance to several abiotic stresses including salinity. The recently achieved technological developments in high-throughput biology opened a new window of opportunity to gain additional insights on purslane resistance to salinity stress-a complex, multigenic, and still not well-understood trait. Only a few reports on single-omics analysis (SOA) of purslane are available, and only one multi-omics integration (MOI) analysis exists so far integrating distinct omics platforms (transcriptomics and metabolomics) to characterize the response of purslane plants to salinity stress. Methods: The present study is a second step in building a robust database on the morpho-physiological and molecular responses purslane to salinity stress and its subsequent use in attempting to decode the genetics behind its resistance to this abiotic stress. Here, the characterization of the morpho-physiological responses of adult purslane plants to salinity stress and a metabolomics and proteomics integrative approach to study the changes at the molecular level in their leaves and roots is presented. Results and discussion: Adult plants of the B1 purslane accession lost approximately 50% of the fresh and dry weight (from shoots and roots) whensubmitted to very high salinity stress (2.0 g of NaCl/100 g of the substrate). The resistance to very high levels of salinity stress increases as the purslane plant matures, and most of the absorbed sodium remains in the roots, with only a part (~12%) reaching the shoots. Crystal-like structures, constituted mainly by Na+, Cl-, and K+, were found in the leaf veins and intercellular space near the stoma, indicating that this species has a mechanism of salt exclusion operating on the leaves, which has its role in salt tolerance. The MOI approach showed that 41 metabolites were statistically significant on the leaves and 65 metabolites on the roots of adult purslane plants. The combination of the mummichog algorithm and metabolomics database comparison revealed that the glycine, serine, and threonine, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways were the most significantly enriched pathways when considering the total number of occurrences in the leaves (with 14, 13, and 13, respectively) and roots (all with eight) of adult plants; and that purslane plants employ the adaptive mechanism of osmoprotection to mitigate the negative effect of very high levels of salinity stress; and that this mechanism is prevalent in the leaves. The multi-omics database built by our group underwent a screen for salt-responsive genes, which are now under further characterization for their potential to promote resistance to salinity stress when heterologously overexpressed in salt-sensitive plants.

Multi-omics Analysis of Young Portulaca oleracea L. Plants' Responses to High NaCl Doses Reveals Insights into Pathways and Genes Responsive to Salinity Stress in this Halophyte Species.

Soil salinity is among the abiotic stressors that threaten agriculture the most, and purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a dicot species adapted to inland salt desert and saline habitats that hyper accumulates salt and has high phytoremediation potential. Many researchers consider purslane a suitable model species to study the mechanisms of plant tolerance to drought and salt stresses. Here, a robust salinity stress protocol was developed and used to characterize the morphophysiological responses of young purslane plants to salinity stress; then, leaf tissue underwent characterization by distinct omics platforms to gain further insights into its response to very high salinity stress. The salinity stress protocol did generate different levels of stress by gradients of electrical conductivity at field capacity and water potential in the saturation extract of the substrate, and the morphological parameters indicated three distinct stress levels. As expected from a halophyte species, these plants remained alive under very high levels of salinity stress, showing salt crystal-like structures constituted mainly by Na+, Cl-, and K+ on and around closed stomata. A comprehensive and large-scale metabolome and transcriptome single and integrated analyses were then employed using leaf samples. The multi-omics integration (MOI) system analysis led to a data-set of 51 metabolic pathways with at least one enzyme and one metabolite differentially expressed due to salinity stress. These data sets (of genes and metabolites) are valuable for future studies aimed to deepen our knowledge on the mechanisms behind the high tolerance of this species to salinity stress. In conclusion, besides showing that this species applies salt exclusion already in young plants to support very high levels of salinity stress, the initial analysis of metabolites and transcripts data sets already give some insights into other salt tolerance mechanisms used by this species to support high levels of salinity stress. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-022-00061-2.

Projeto Vida Ativa Pelotas: Percepção das coordenadoras sobre a implantação dos núcleos no ano de 2019 / Project Vida Ativa Pelotas: Perception of the coordinators on the implantation of the nucleus in the year 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o processo de implantação dos núcleos do Projeto Vida Ativa no município de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. O projeto é uma política de governo, desenvolvida desde 2013, financiado e executado pela prefeitura municipal, que estimava atender em 2019 cerca de 4.000 pessoas, promovendo atividades físicas e esportivas. Optou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa e um recorte transversal no ano de 2019. Foram realizadas oito entrevistas semiestruturadas com a dois níveis de coordenação do projeto. Para análise dos dados obtidos foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os principais resultados da análise apontaram que o projeto apresentava desafios a serem enfrentados como a sustentabilidades dos processos, financiamento para adequação dos núcleos e ampliação desses locais, continuidade nos processos de capacitações com os profissionais, monito-ramento e avaliação do projeto. Apesar das dificuldades enfrentadas de acordo com a percepção das coordenadoras, o projeto apresentava-se como uma iniciativa progressista na forma como estava sendo implementando seus núcleos e atividades físicas e esportivas, sobretudo por dialogar com demandas locais, e contar com apoio da população participante, mantendo-se ao longo das trocas de governo

The aim of this study was to describe the implantation process of the of the Projeto Vida Ativa in the city of Pelotas (Brazil). The project is a government policy, developed since 2013, financed and executed by the mu-nicipal government, which estimates to serve around 4000 people promoting physical activities and sports. We conducted qualitative research and opted to address the year 2019 as a time frame. In the collection, eight semi-structured interviews were carried out with the project's coordination. For data analysis, the content analysis technique was used. The main results of the analysis indicate that the project has weaknesses that need to be addressed as the sustainability of the processes, funding for the adequacy of the centers, expansion of these locations, continuity in training processes, and implementation of monitoring and evaluation. Despite the difficulties faced by the coordination and professionals who carry out the actions, the project presents itself as a positive initiative in the way the centers and physical activities and sports are being implemented. Further positive aspects included the local-domand attended and the population support for the continuity of the project despite changes in the government

Cenários e processos de socialização docente: um estudo com professores de ginástica artística / Scenarios and processes of teacher socialization: a study with artistic gymnastics teachers / Escenarios y procesos de socialización docente: un estudio con profesores de gimnasia artística

Estudos acerca das trajetórias pessoal e profissional e da formação de professores/treinadores são crescentes no âmbito acadêmico. Assim, com base nos processos de socialização antecipatória e profissional, propostos por Dubar, buscou-se compreender como ocorreram esses processos de socialização de professores/treinadores, que atuam no contexto extraclasse do esporte Ginástica Artística (GA), em uma cidade do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. De caráter qualitativo, este estudo de caso utilizou dois instrumentos, questionário fechado e entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados revelaram que com relação à socialização antecipatória, as primeiras aproximações com a Ginástica Artística e/ou atividades físicas foram proveitosas e decisivas para a formação desses sujeitos, visto que, para os professores/treinadores entrevistados as identidades herdadas consolidaram-se. Quanto à socialização profissional, ficou evidente que os saberes envolvidos na formação inicial e na formação continuada, geraram avanços nas práticas cotidianas com Ginástica Artística, sinalizaram, ainda, a contribuição entre os pares como importante fonte de aprendizado.

Studies about personal and professional trajectories and the training of teachers/coaches are growing in the academic field. Thus, based on the anticipatory and professional socialization processes proposed by Dubar, we sought to understand how these processes of socialization of teachers/coaches happened, who work in the extra-class context of the sport Artistic Gymnastics (GA), in a city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Qualitative in nature, this case study used two instruments, a closed questionnaire, and a semi-structured interview. The results revealed that with regard to anticipatory socialization, the first approximations with Artistic Gymnastics and/or physical activities were beneficial and decisive for the formation of these subjects, since, for the teachers/coaches interviewed, the inherited identities were consolidated. As for professional socialization, it was evident that the knowledge involved in initial training and continuing training generated advances in daily practices with Artistic Gymnastics, also signaled the contribution between peers as an important source of learning.

Los estudios sobre trayectorias personales y profesionales y la formación de profesores/entrenadores están creciendo en el campo académico. Así, con base en los procesos de socialización anticipatoria y profesional propuestos por Dubar, buscamos comprender cómo ocurrieron esos procesos de socialización de los profesores/entrenadores, que actúan en el contexto extraclase del deporte Gimnasia Artística (GA), en una ciudad de el estado de Rio Grande do Sul. De naturaleza cualitativa, este estudio de caso utilizó dos instrumentos, cuestionario cerrado y entrevista semiestructurada. Los resultados revelaron que en lo que se refiere a la socialización anticipatoria, las primeras aproximaciones con la Gimnasia Artística y/o actividades físicas fueron beneficiosas y decisivas para la formación de estos sujetos, ya que, para los profesores/entrenadores entrevistados, se consolidaron las identidades heredadas. En cuanto a la socialización profesional, se evidenció que los conocimientos involucrados en la formación inicial y en la formación continua generaron avances en las prácticas diarias con la Gimnasia Artística, también señalaron el aporte entre pares como importante fuente de aprendizaje.

Insights from a Multi-Omics Integration (MOI) Study in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Response to Abiotic Stresses: Part Two-Drought.

Drought and salinity are two of the most severe abiotic stresses affecting agriculture worldwide and bear some similarities regarding the responses of plants to them. The first is also known as osmotic stress and shows similarities mainly with the osmotic effect, the first phase of salinity stress. Multi-Omics Integration (MOI) offers a new opportunity for the non-trivial challenge of unraveling the mechanisms behind multigenic traits, such as drought and salinity resistance. The current study carried out a comprehensive, large-scale, single-omics analysis (SOA) and MOI studies on the leaves of young oil palm plants submitted to water deprivation. After performing SOA, 1955 DE enzymes from transcriptomics analysis, 131 DE enzymes from proteomics analysis, and 269 DE metabolites underwent MOI analysis, revealing several pathways affected by this stress, with at least one DE molecule in all three omics platforms used. Moreover, the similarities and dissimilarities in the molecular response of those plants to those two abiotic stresses underwent mapping. Cysteine and methionine metabolism (map00270) was the most affected pathway in all scenarios evaluated. The correlation analysis revealed that 91.55% of those enzymes expressed under both stresses had similar qualitative profiles, corroborating the already known fact that plant responses to drought and salinity show several similarities. At last, the results shed light on some candidate genes for engineering crop species resilient to both abiotic stresses.

Insights from a Multi-Omics Integration (MOI) Study in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Response to Abiotic Stresses: Part One-Salinity.

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is the number one source of consumed vegetable oil nowadays. It is cultivated in areas of tropical rainforest, where it meets its natural condition of high rainfall throughout the year. The palm oil industry faces criticism due to a series of practices that was considered not environmentally sustainable, and it finds itself under pressure to adopt new and innovative procedures to reverse this negative public perception. Cultivating this oilseed crop outside the rainforest zone is only possible using artificial irrigation. Close to 30% of the world's irrigated agricultural lands also face problems due to salinity stress. Consequently, the research community must consider drought and salinity together when studying to empower breeding programs in order to develop superior genotypes adapted to those potential new areas for oil palm cultivation. Multi-Omics Integration (MOI) offers a new window of opportunity for the non-trivial challenge of unraveling the mechanisms behind multigenic traits, such as drought and salinity tolerance. The current study carried out a comprehensive, large-scale, single-omics analysis (SOA), and MOI study on the leaves of young oil palm plants submitted to very high salinity stress. Taken together, a total of 1239 proteins were positively regulated, and 1660 were negatively regulated in transcriptomics and proteomics analyses. Meanwhile, the metabolomics analysis revealed 37 metabolites that were upregulated and 92 that were downregulated. After performing SOA, 436 differentially expressed (DE) full-length transcripts, 74 DE proteins, and 19 DE metabolites underwent MOI analysis, revealing several pathways affected by this stress, with at least one DE molecule in all three omics platforms used. The Cysteine and methionine metabolism (map00270) and Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis (map00010) pathways were the most affected ones, each one with 20 DE molecules.

Deep Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis to Further Characterize the Adaptation Response of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp. to Very High Salinity Stress.

The multipurpose tree Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp. adapts to a very high level of salt stress (≥20 dS m-1) and resumes the production of new leaves around 2 weeks after losing all leaves due to abrupt salinity stress. The integration of metabolome and transcriptome profiles from gliricidia leaves points to a central role of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway in the short-term response to salinity stress. In this study, a deeper untargeted metabolomics analysis of the leaves and roots of young gliricidia plants was conducted to characterize the mechanism(s) behind this adaptation response. The polar and lipidic fractions from leaf and root samples were extracted and analyzed on a UHPLC.ESI.Q-TOF.HRMS system. Acquired data were analyzed using the XCMS Online, and MetaboAnalyst platforms, via three distinct and complementary strategies. Together, the results obtained first led us to postulate that these plants are salt-excluding plants, which adapted to high salinity stress via two salt-excluding mechanisms, starting in the canopy-severe defoliation-and concluding in the roots-limited entry of Na. Besides that, it was possible to show that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway plays a role throughout the entire adaptation response, starting in the short term and continuing in the long one. The roots metabolome analysis revealed 11 distinct metabolic pathways affected by salt stress, and the initial analysis of the two most affected ones-steroid biosynthesis and lysine biosynthesis-led us also to postulate that the accumulation of lignin and some phytosterols, as well as lysine biosynthesis-but not degradation, play a role in promoting the adaptation response. However, additional studies are necessary to investigate these hypotheses.

[Sociodemographic aspects, barriers, and motivations of cyclists from a South Brazilian city: a study of mixed methods]. / Aspectos sociodemográficos, barreiras e motivações de ciclistas de uma cidade sul-brasileira: um estudo de métodos mistos.

The scope of this study was to describe the characteristics of use and sociodemographic and motivational aspects of cyclists who travel on the cycle paths/lanes in the city of Pelotas (Brazil). A descriptive study was conducted applying mixed methods with quantitative and qualitative approaches. A total of 841 cyclists were randomly selected and assessed in the quantitative component. The majority of users were men (82.9%), from the middle age group (55.8%) and workers in the construction industry and local commerce (47.4%). More than 80% of the participants used the bicycle for commuting purposes. Although the large majority reported using the bicycle even in rigorous winter and summer conditions, only 56.6% reported use on rainy days. Nine interviews were performed in the qualitative component and the following barriers emerged: climate conditions related to the quality of streets, (rainy days); complex traffic systems; and the need for qualitative and quantitative improvement in the paths leading to outlying neighborhoods. Saving money with transport and health benefits (among leisure-time cyclists) are the main motivations for using a bicycle. The results reveal specific aspects for improvement in terms of public policies, and the need to prioritize specific user demands.

O objetivo foi descrever características de uso e aspectos sociodemográficos e motivacionais de ciclistas usuários do sistema cicloviário da cidade de Pelotas, estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foi realizado um estudo de métodos mistos com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. No total, 841 ciclistas foram amostrados aleatoriamente e entrevistados no componente transversal descritivo do estudo. A maior parte dos usuários eram homens (82,9%), pertencentes à faixa etária entre 30 e 59 anos (55,8%) e trabalhadores da construção civil ou do comércio (47,4%). Mais de 80% utilizam a bicicleta como deslocamento. Embora a grande maioria tenha relatado utilizar bicicleta mesmo em dias de verão e inverno rigorosos, apenas 56,6% relataram manter o uso em dias de chuva. Nove entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas no componente qualitativo e emergiram barreiras como condições climáticas atreladas à qualidade das vias (dias de chuva), relações de trânsito conflituosas e necessidade de melhoria e ampliação das vias em direção aos bairros. Entre as motivações, foram destacadas questões de economia de gastos com transporte e de cuidados da saúde (entre os ciclistas de lazer). Os resultados encontrados apresentam subsídios específicos para intervenções de políticas públicas e necessidade de foco de acordo com seus usuários.

Aspectos sociodemográficos, barreiras e motivações de ciclistas de uma cidade sul-brasileira: um estudo de métodos mistos / Sociodemographic aspects, barriers, and motivations of cyclists from a South Brazilian city: a study of mixed methods

Resumo O objetivo foi descrever características de uso e aspectos sociodemográficos e motivacionais de ciclistas usuários do sistema cicloviário da cidade de Pelotas, estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foi realizado um estudo de métodos mistos com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. No total, 841 ciclistas foram amostrados aleatoriamente e entrevistados no componente transversal descritivo do estudo. A maior parte dos usuários eram homens (82,9%), pertencentes à faixa etária entre 30 e 59 anos (55,8%) e trabalhadores da construção civil ou do comércio (47,4%). Mais de 80% utilizam a bicicleta como deslocamento. Embora a grande maioria tenha relatado utilizar bicicleta mesmo em dias de verão e inverno rigorosos, apenas 56,6% relataram manter o uso em dias de chuva. Nove entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas no componente qualitativo e emergiram barreiras como condições climáticas atreladas à qualidade das vias (dias de chuva), relações de trânsito conflituosas e necessidade de melhoria e ampliação das vias em direção aos bairros. Entre as motivações, foram destacadas questões de economia de gastos com transporte e de cuidados da saúde (entre os ciclistas de lazer). Os resultados encontrados apresentam subsídios específicos para intervenções de políticas públicas e necessidade de foco de acordo com seus usuários.

Abstract The scope of this study was to describe the characteristics of use and sociodemographic and motivational aspects of cyclists who travel on the cycle paths/lanes in the city of Pelotas (Brazil). A descriptive study was conducted applying mixed methods with quantitative and qualitative approaches. A total of 841 cyclists were randomly selected and assessed in the quantitative component. The majority of users were men (82.9%), from the middle age group (55.8%) and workers in the construction industry and local commerce (47.4%). More than 80% of the participants used the bicycle for commuting purposes. Although the large majority reported using the bicycle even in rigorous winter and summer conditions, only 56.6% reported use on rainy days. Nine interviews were performed in the qualitative component and the following barriers emerged: climate conditions related to the quality of streets, (rainy days); complex traffic systems; and the need for qualitative and quantitative improvement in the paths leading to outlying neighborhoods. Saving money with transport and health benefits (among leisure-time cyclists) are the main motivations for using a bicycle. The results reveal specific aspects for improvement in terms of public policies, and the need to prioritize specific user demands.

40 anos do Simpósio Nacional de Educação Física: revisitando um espaço de produção do conhecimento / 40 years of the National Symposium on Physical Education: revisiting a space to produce knowledge / 40 años del Simposio Nacional de Educación Física: revisitando un espacio de producción de conocimiento

O texto objetivou resgatar as memórias do Simpósio Nacional de Educação Física a partir dos trabalhos apresentados no evento. Realizou-se uma análise documental dos anais das edições de 1980 a 2021, a partir de: a) análise dos títulos, palavras-chave e resumos; b) análise do trabalho na íntegra, verificando a abordagem do conteúdo e categorização final a partir das áreas temáticas de conhecimento (ATC) estabelecidas. Cada resumo passou pela análise de dois pesquisadores adotando critérios de elegibilidade. O mapeamento das ATC foi baseado em temáticas delimitadas nos grupos temáticos do Colégio Brasileiro de Ciências do Esporte. Assim foram elencadas seis ATC: Atividade motora, Saúde e desempenho; Escola; Currículo e formação docente; Lazer e políticas públicas; Memória, esporte e cultura; Inclusão e deficiência. A ESEF-UFPel alcançou um patamar diferenciado, no ensino de graduação e Pós-Graduação e a pluralidade de formação dos docentes, contribuiu significativamente para ser uma referência no cenário nacional.

The text aimed to rescue the memories of the National Symposium of Physical Education from the works presented at the event. A documentary analysis of the annals of the editions from 1980 to 2021 was carried out, based on: a) analysis of titles, keywords, and abstracts; b) analysis of the work in its entirety, verifying the content approach and final categorization from the established thematic areas of knowledge (TAK). Each abstract was analyzed by two researchers adopting eligibility criteria. The mapping of the TAK was based on themes delimited in the thematic groups of the Brazilian College of Sports Sciences. Thus, six TAK were listed: Motor activity, Health, and performance; School; Curriculum and teacher training; Leisure and public policies; Memory, sport, and culture; Inclusion and Disability. The ESEF-UFPel has reached a differentiated level in undergraduate and graduate education and the plurality of teacher training has significantly contributed to being a reference on the national scene.

El texto tuvo como objetivo rescatar las memorias del Simposio Nacional de Educación Física a partir de los trabajos presentados en el evento. Se realizó un análisis documental de los anales de las ediciones de 1980 a 2021, a partir de: a) análisis de títulos, palabras clave y resúmenes; b) análisis del trabajo en su totalidad, verificando el enfoque de contenido y categorización final a partir de las áreas temáticas de conocimiento (ATC) establecidas. Cada resumen fue analizado por dos investigadores que adoptaron criterios de elegibilidad. El mapeo de ATC se basó en temas definidos en los grupos temáticos de la Facultad Brasileña de Ciencias del Deporte. Así, se enumeraron seis ATC: Actividad motora, Salud y rendimiento; Colegio; Currículo y formación docente; Ocio y políticas públicas; Memoria, deporte y cultura; Inclusión y Discapacidad. La ESEF-UFPel ha alcanzado un nivel diferenciado en la formación de grado y posgrado y la pluralidad de la formación docente ha contribuido significativamente a ser una referencia en el escenario nacional.

Atividades Físicas e Esportivas: desenvolvimento do modelo lógico do Projeto Vida Ativa Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul / Physical Activities and Sports: logical model of the Projeto Vida Ativa Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver o modelo lógico do Projeto Vida Ativa (PVA), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. O modelo foi realizado com uma abordagem prospectiva e optou-se por delimitar como marco temporal o ano de 2019, refletindo um período pré-pandemia de Covid-19 e um momento de consolidação recente do programa. Foram conduzidas entrevistas semiestruturadas com a coordenação do projeto, além da análise de documentos. O projeto é uma política de governo, desenvolvida desde 2013, financiado e executado pela prefeitura municipal. O PVA tem como objetivo melhorar a qualidade de vida de crianças, jovens, adultos e idosos, em situação de vulnerabilidade social promovendo Atividades Físicas e Esportivas recreativas, aeróbicas, de resistência entre outros, além de eventos aos finais de semana e feriados. O modelo lógico possibilitou a sistematização de informações, demarcando objetivos, insumos, atividades desenvolvidas, produtos e resultados à curto e a longo prazo. Futuros estudos podem utilizar estas informações para avaliar os componentes do projeto

The aim of this study was to develop the logical model of the Projeto Vida Ativa (PVA) in the city of Pelotas (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). The model was performed with a prospective approach and focused on 2019, reflecting a pre-pandemic period of Covid-19 and a recent moment of program consolidation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the coordination of the project, in addition to document analysis. The project is a government policy, developed since 2013, financed and conducted at municipal level, promoting physical activities and sports recreational, aerobics, resistance, in addition to weekend and holiday events and aims to improve the quality of life of children, young people, adults and elderly, in a situation of social vulnerability. The logical model the systematization of information, as well as identifying the objective, inputs, activities developed, products and results in short and long-terms. Future studies can use this information to evaluate components of the project

Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics data to further characterize Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth under high salinity stress.

Soil salinity is one abiotic stress that threatens agriculture in more than 100 countries. Gliricidia [Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth] is a multipurpose tree known for its ability to adapt to a wide range of soils; however, its tolerance limits and responses to salt stress are not yet well understood. In this study, after characterizing the morphophysiological responses of young gliricidia plants to salinity stress, leaf metabolic and transcription profiles were generated and submitted to single and integrated analyses. RNA from leaf samples were subjected to RNA sequencing using an Illumina HiSeq platform and the paired-end strategy. Polar and lipidic fractions from leaf samples were extracted and analyzed on an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) system. Acquired data were analyzed using the OmicsBox, XCMS Online, MetaboAnalyst, and Omics Fusion platforms. The substrate salinization protocol used allowed the identification of two distinct responses to salt stress: tolerance and adaptation. Single analysis on transcriptome and metabolome data sets led to a group of 5,672 transcripts and 107 metabolites differentially expressed in gliricidia leaves under salt stress. The phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was the most affected pathway, with 15 metabolites and three genes differentially expressed. Results showed that the differentially expressed metabolites and genes from this pathway affect mainly short-term salt stress (STS). The single analysis of the transcriptome identified 12 genes coding for proteins that might play a role in gliricidia response at both STS and long-term salt stress (LTS). Further studies are needed to reveal the mechanisms behind the adaptation response.

Metabolite characterization of fifteen by-products of the coffee production chain: From farm to factory.

Approximately 11.4 million tonnes of solid by-products and an increased amount of waste water will be generated during the 2020/21 coffee harvest. There are currently no truly value-adding uses for these potentially environmentally threatening species. This work presents the most wide-ranging chemical investigation of coffee by-products collected from farms to factories, including eight never previously investigated. Twenty compounds were found for the first time in coffee by-products including the bioactive neomangiferin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, lup-20(29)-en-3-one and 3,4-dimethoxy cinnamic acid. Five by-products generated inside a factory showed caffeine (53.0-17.0 mg.g-1) and/or chlorogenic acid (72.9-10.1 mg.g-1) content comparable to coffee beans, while mature leaf from plant pruning presented not only high contents of both compounds (16.4 and 38.9 mg.g-1, respectively), but also of mangiferin (19.4 mg.g-1) besides a variety of flavonoids. Such by-products are a source of a range of bioactive compounds and could be explored with potential economic and certainly environmental benefits.

Metabolic effect of drought stress on the leaves of young oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plants using UHPLC-MS and multivariate analysis.

The expansion of the oil palm in marginal areas can face challenges, such as water deficit, leading to an impact on palm oil production. A better understanding of the biological consequences of abiotic stresses on this crop can result from joint metabolic profiling and multivariate analysis. Metabolic profiling of leaves was performed from control and stressed plants (7 and 14 days of stress). Samples were extracted and analyzed on a UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-HRMS system. Acquired data were processed using XCMS Online and MetaboAnalyst for multivariate and pathway activity analysis. Metabolism was affected by drought stress through clear segregation between control and stressed groups. More importantly, metabolism changed through time, gradually from 7 to 14 days. The pathways most affected by drought stress were: starch and sucrose metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. The analysis of the metabolic profile were efficient to correlate and differentiate groups of oil palm plants submitted to different levels of drought stress. Putative compounds and their affected pathways can be used in future multiomics analysis.

Entre partidas e chegadas: as possibilidades da mobilidade acadêmica para a formação inicial em Educação Física / Between departures and arrivals: the possibilities of student mobility for initial training in Physical Education / Entre salidas y llegadas: las posibilidades de movilidad académica para la formación inicial en Educación Física

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los aportes que la movilidad de estudiantes internacionales puede brindar para la formación inicial, identificando también las principales motivaciones y desafíos que encuentran los estudiantes durante el período en el extranjero. Participaron del estudio dieciséis estudiantes de pregrado y bachillerato en Educación Física de la Universidad Federal de Pelotas/RS, quienes respondieron un cuestionario semiestructurado enviado en línea. Los resultados mostraron que el deseo de conocer un país diferente, el estímulo del profesorado y la búsqueda de la cualificación profesional fueron los principales motivos para lograr la movilidad. Las principales dificultades encontradas fueron afrontar la burocracia del aviso público o los problemas familiares/económicos afrontados. En cuanto a las principales aportaciones a la formación, destacan el conocimiento de nuevas y diferentes culturas, la estructura cualificada de la que se disfruta en la universidad extranjera y el establecimiento de redes de colaboración científica con profesores y grupos de investigación del exterior.

The present study aimed to analyze the contributions that international student mobility can provide for initial training, also identifying the main motivations and challenges encountered by students during the period abroad. Sixteen students from undergraduate and bachelor's degrees in Physical Education from the Federal University of Pelotas/RS participated in the study, who answered a semi-structured questionnaire sent online. The results showed that the desire to get to know a different country, the encouragement of teachers and the search for professional qualification were the main reasons for achieving mobility. The main difficulties encountered were meeting the bureaucracy of the public notice or family/financial problems faced. Regarding the main contributions to training, the knowledge of new and different cultures, the qualified structure enjoyed at the foreign university, and the establishment of networks of scientific collaboration with professors and research groups abroad stand out.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los aportes que la movilidad de estudiantes internacionales puede brindar para la formación inicial, identificando también las principales motivaciones y desafíos que encuentran los estudiantes durante el período en el extranjero. Participaron del estudio dieciséis estudiantes de pregrado y bachillerato en Educación Física de la Universidad Federal de Pelotas/RS, quienes respondieron un cuestionario semiestructurado enviado en línea. Los resultados mostraron que el deseo de conocer un país diferente, el estímulo del profesorado y la búsqueda de la cualificación profesional fueron los principales motivos para lograr la movilidad. Las principales dificultades encontradas fueron afrontar la burocracia del aviso público o los problemas familiares/económicos afrontados. En cuanto a las principales aportaciones a la formación, destacan el conocimiento de nuevas y diferentes culturas, la estructura cualificada de la que se disfruta en la universidad extranjera y el establecimiento de redes de colaboración científica con profesores y grupos de investigación del exterior.

O bom professor de Educação Física na visão de acadêmicos de licenciatura / The good teacher of Physical Education in the view of academics of licentiate / El buen profesor de Educación Física en la visión de académicos de licenciatura

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar a percepção dos acadêmicos de Licenciatura em Educação Física sobre os elementos que compõem a prática pedagógica do bom professor na sala de aula. A metodologia possui um delineamento descritivo e caracteriza-se pelo uso da abordagem qualitativa, apresentando como sujeitos de pesquisa uma turma de dezoito acadêmicos de licenciatura em Educação Física da Escola Superior de Educação Física da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Utilizamos a análise de conteúdo e optamos por dividir os resultados em duas categorias. A primeira, denominada "Conhecimento profissional e contextos de atuação", foi construída com a intenção de explorar os conhecimentos docentes relacionados à profissão e sua atuação profissional. Já a segunda está relacionada às "Características do bom professor e as habilidades necessárias para a docência", buscando descrever as características deste bom professor e trazendo os elementos relacionados às práticas docentes dentro do contexto da sala de aula.

The objective of this research was to identify the perception of the undergraduate students in Physical Education about the elements that make up the pedagogical practice of the good teacher in the classroom. The methodology has a descriptive design and is characterized by the use of the qualitative approach, presenting as subjects of research a group of eighteen undergraduate students in Physical Education of the Superior School of Physical Education of the Federal University of Pelotas. We used content analysis and chose to split the results into two categories. The first, called "Professional knowledge and contexts of action", was built with the intention of exploring the teaching knowledge related to the profession and its professional performance. The second is related to the "Characteristics of the good teacher and the necessary skills for teaching", seeking to describe the characteristics of this good teacher and bringing the elements related to teaching practices within the context of the classroom.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar la percepción de los académicos de Licenciatura en Educación Física sobre los elementos que componen la práctica pedagógica del buen profesor en el aula. La metodología posee un delineamiento descriptivo y se caracteriza por el uso del abordaje cualitativo, presentando como sujetos de investigación una clase de dieciocho académicos de licenciatura en Educación Física de la Escuela Superior de Educación Física de la Universidad Federal de Pelotas. Utilizamos el análisis de contenido y optamos por dividir los resultados en dos categorías. La primera, denominada "Conocimiento profesional y contextos de actuación", fue construida con la intención de explorar los conocimientos docentes relacionados a la profesión y su actuación profesional. La segunda está relacionada a las "Características del buen profesor y las habilidades necesarias para la docencia", buscando describir las características de este buen profesor y trayendo los elementos relacionados a las prácticas docentes dentro del contexto del aula.

Targeted Metabolomics of Xylose-Fermenting Yeasts Based on Mass Spectrometry.

Mass spectrometry is a sensitive and selective analytical technique that enables detection and quantitation of low abundance compounds in a complex sample matrix. Targeted metabolomics allows for quantitative analysis of metabolites, providing kinetic information of production and consumption rates, an essential step to investigate microbial metabolism. Here, we describe a targeted metabolomics protocol for yeast samples, from sample preparation to mass spectrometry analysis, which enables the identification of metabolic fluxes after xylose consumption. Sample preparation methods were optimized for quenching of yeast metabolism followed by intracellular metabolite extraction, using cold methanol and boiling ethanol protocols. Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) methods using ion pair chromatography (IPC) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) allowed for the quantitation of 18 metabolites involved in central carbon metabolism (glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and tricarboxylic acid cycle). The protocol here described was successfully applied to quantify metabolites in Scheffersomyces stipitis, Spathaspora passalidarum, Spathaspora arborariae, and Candida tenuis samples after xylose consumption.

Development of an RP-UHPLC-PDA method for quantification of free gossypol in cottonseed cake and fungal-treated cottonseed cake.

Cottonseed cake biomass, which is a residue of oil extraction, is potentially appropriate for use as animal feed, given the high mineral, fibre and protein content. The presence of free gossypol, however, a toxic pigment in the glands of the cotton plant, limits use of this biomass for monogastric livestock. A promising method to detoxify cottonseed cake relies on fermentation by fungi, which can eliminate up to 100% of gossypol. In order to quantify trace levels of free gossypol in different cotton materials, including cottonseed cake treated with macrofungi, a simple and rapid chromatographic detection method was developed and validated. Under optimized conditions, extraction was performed using 70% acetone. The extract was then analysed by Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC), with gradient elution on a C18 reverse phase column KINETEX® (100 x 2.10 mm, 2.6 µm). Methanol-0.1% TFA aqueous solution was employed as mobile phase and PDA detection conducted at 254 nm. The optimized method was validated by analysis of specificity, linearity and range, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision and accuracy. Detection and quantification limits were observed at 0.2 and 0.5 µg/mL, respectively. With good reproducibility, with precision (RSD)<10% and recovery greater than 94%, the developed assay was appropriate for quantification of low quantities of free gossypol. The validated method was successfully applied to determine trace levels of free gossypol cottonseed treated with a macrofungus.

Satisfação com a profissão: um estudo com professores de educação física / Satisfaction with the profession: a study with physical education teachers / Satisfacción con la profesión: un estudio con profesores de educación física

O trabalho objetivou verificar a satisfação profissional dos professores de EF da Rede Federal de Ensino na cidade de Pelotas - RS. Trata-se de um estudo de caso descritivo que utilizou um questionário relativo à satisfação com a profissão e o perfil docente. Participou do estudo a totalidade dos professores de EF (n=20). Nas categorias Exercício da Profissão e Trabalho Pedagógico, foram encontrados níveis elevados de satisfação, com mais de 90% dos professo-res mostrando-se satisfeitos com a profissão. As trocas estabelecidas com os alunos, o reco-nhecimento por parte deles e a realização profissional foram os principais motivos para tal. Fatores externos como a baixa valorização e o pouco reconhecimento pelos pares ou gestão institucional foram razões para a insatisfação dos professores.

The objective of this study was to verify the professional satisfaction of the EF teachers of the Federal Teaching Network in the city of Pelotas, RS. This is a descriptive case study that used a questionnaire regarding satisfaction with the profession and the teaching profile. The total number of EF teachers (n = 20) participated in the study. In both categories, Exercise of the Profession and Pedagogical Work, were found high levels of satisfaction and more than 90% of teachers are satisfied with the profession. The exchanges established with the students, the recognition by them and the professional achievement were the main reasons for this. Exter-nal factors such as low valuation and little recognition by peers or institutional management were reasons for teachers? dissatisfaction.

El trabajo tuvo como objetivo verificar la satisfacción profesional de los profesores de EF de la Red Federal de Enseñanza en la ciudad de Pelotas-RS. Se trata de un estudio de caso des-criptivo que utilizó un cuestionario relativo a la satisfacción con la profesión y el perfil docen-te. Participaron del estudio la totalidad de los profesores de EF (n = 20). Tanto en la categoría Ejercicio de la profesión y como en la categoría Trabajo pedagógico se encontraron niveles elevados de satisfacción y más del 90% de los profesores está satisfecho con la profesión. Los intercambios establecidos con los alumnos, el reconocimiento por parte de ellos y la realiza-ción profesional fueron los principales motivos para ello. Factores externos como la baja valo-rización y el poco reconocimiento por los colegas o la gestión institucional fueron razones para la insatisfacción de los profesores.