The possible benefits of vitamin D in COVID-19.

Molecular studies have demonstrated the importance of the exacerbated immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, called the cytokine storm, in more severe COVID-19. The pathophysiology is complex and involves several homeostatic factors; among them, a deficit of vitamin D draws attention because of its high frequency in the population. Some evidence suggests that people with low serum vitamin D levels have worse outcomes, often requiring intensive care. This review analyzed the studies available in the global literature addressing the benefits of vitamin D in COVID-19, relating serum levels to the severity of the disease, and indicating vitamin D as a possible prophylactic and therapy in infection.

Effectiveness of the Pilates Method in the Treatment of Chronic Mechanical Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of the Pilates method on pain, function, quality of life, and consumption of pain medication in patients with mechanical neck pain. DESIGN: The design was a randomized controlled trial, with a blinded assessor and intention-to-treat analysis. SETTING: The study took place in the outpatient clinic of the rheumatology department, referral center. PARTICIPANTS: Patients (N=64) with chronic mechanical neck pain were randomly allocated to 2 groups: the Pilates group (PG) and a control group (CG). INTERVENTIONS: The PG attended 2 sessions of Pilates per week, for 12 weeks. The protocol included Pilates exercises performed on a mat and on equipment and was adapted depending on the physical fitness of each participant; the repetitions varied from 6 to 12, respecting patient reports of fatigue and pain, using a single series for each exercise. The CG received only the standard pharmacological treatment. Both groups were instructed to use acetaminophen 750 mg if necessary. Patients were evaluated at baseline after 45, 90, and 180 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We used the Numerical Pain Scale for pain, the Neck Disability Index for function, and the SF-36 questionnaire for quality of life. RESULTS: The groups were homogeneous at baseline, the only exception being body mass index (BMI), with the PG showing higher BMI. Regarding the assessment between groups over time, statistical differences were identified for pain (P<.001), function (P<.001) and the SF-36 (functional capacity, P=.019; pain, P<.001; general health, P=.022; vitality, P<.001; mental health, P=.012) with the PG consistently achieving better results. Drug consumption was lower in PG patients (P=.037). CONCLUSIONS: This trial demonstrated the effectiveness of the Pilates method for the treatment of chronic mechanical neck pain, resulting in improvement of pain, function, quality of life, and reduction of the use of analgesics.

Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico e gravidez: uma revisão da literatura / Lupus erythematosus and pregnancy: a review of the literature

INTRODUÇÃO: O lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é uma doença autoimune, crônica, com envolvimento variável dos órgãos, principalmente pele e articulações, que afeta, predominantemente, mulheres jovens em idade reprodutiva associação do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico e gravidez é relativamente frequente, uma vez que não há diminuição da fertilidade nas pacientes. OBJETIVOS: Revisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura a cerca das situações clínicas e complicações que podem ocorrer durante o período gestacional de pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, como a Síndrome do Anticorpo Antifosfolípide (SAF), a nefrite lúpica e o lúpus neonatal, a correlação entre a atividade do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico e a gravidez, além do uso de medicamentos no período da gestação. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados banco de dados da Medline, Lilacs, Conchrane, Science Direct e PubMed, fazendo a seleção de artigos de revisão e estudos clínicos randomizados. Foram selecionados 23 artigos dos últimos 10 anos, sendo 21 na língua inglesa e 2 na língua portuguesa, seguindo a classificação Qualis (Capes): A1, A2 e B1. RESULTADOS: Estudos demonstraram a o impacto negativo da gravidez sobre a atividade da doença. Abortamento, natimorto, bebês pequenos para a idade gestacional, prematuridade e pré-eclâmpsia são as principais complicações que podem ocorrer na gestação de paciente com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico. As principais complicações relacionadas à Síndrome do Anticorpo Antifosfolípide relatadas na literatura foram aborto fetal precoce, início precoce de pré-eclâmpsia, retardo do crescimento intrauterino, descolamento prematuro da placenta e parto prematuro. Em relação aos medicamentos, os estudos apontam para a necessidade do uso da aspirina e da heparina de baixo peso molecular para a profilaxia de complicações da Síndrome do Anticorpo Antifosfolípide na gravidez, além do uso dos corticosteroides fluorados para o tratamento da doença em atividade. O uso da hidroxicloroquina em caso de atividade da doença durante a gestação também está indicado. Foram encontradas divergências quanto ao uso da azatioprina e da ciclofosfamida, havendo consenso quanto à contraindicação do metotrexato. CONCLUSÃO: A exacerbação do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico ocorre principalmente quando a doença não está bem controlada, sendo importante o aconselhamento destas pacientes, para que a concepção ocorra apenas quando o lúpus eritematoso sistêmico estiver inativo por pelo menos seis meses. O lúpus A nefrite lúpica, o lúpus neonatal e Síndrome do Anticorpo Antifosfolípide são condições que podem estar presentes em gestação de paciente com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico. A hidroxicloroquina não deve ser interrompida para que não haja exacerbação da doença. A maioria dos imunossupressores, como o metrotrexato e a ciclofosfamida, são contraindicados na gravidez.

INTRODUCTION: The systemic lupus erithematosus (SLE) is a autoimmune disease, chronic, with variable involvement of organs, especially skin and joints, which predominantly affects young women of reproductive age. The association of Systemic Lupus Erithematosus and pregnancy is relatively frequent, since there is no decrease in patients fertility. GOALS: Review the evidence in the literature about the clinical situations and complications that can occur during pregnancy in patients with Systemic Lupus Erithematosus, like the Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APS), thelupus nephritis and the neonatal lupus, the correlation between the activity of lupus and pregnancy, besides the use of drugs in the period of gestation. METHODS: Were used database from Medline, Lilacs, Cochrane, Science Direct and PubMed, making the selection of review articles and randomized clinical trials. Twenty-three articles were select, published over the past 10 years, with 21 in the English language and 2 in Portuguese, following the Qualis classification (Capes): A1, A2 e B1. RESULTS: Most articles show a negative impact of pregnancy on the disease activity. Abortion, stillbirth, small babies for the gestational age, preterm birth and preeclampsia are the major complications that may occur in pregnant patients with Systemic Lupus Erithematosus. Major complications related to APS in the literature were early miscarriage, early onset preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, placental abruption and preterm delivery. Among medications used to treat Systemic Lupus Erithematosus and related diseases, aspirin and low molecular weight heparin may be used for the prophylaxis of complications of Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome and fluorinated corticosteroids for the reatment of disease activity. Hydroxychloroquine is also indicated to treat Systemic Lupus Erithematosus exacerbation during pregnancy. Differences were found, regarding the use of azathioprine and cyclophosphamide. However there is consensus regarding the contraindication of methotrexate. CONCLUSIONS: The exacerbation of Systemic Lupus Erithematosus occurs mainly when it is not well controlled. Being important the counseling of these patients that conception should occur at least after 6 months of inactivity. Nephritis, neonatal lupus and Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome are conditions that may be present in pregnant women with Systemic Lupus Erithematosus. Hydroxychloroquine should not be interrupted in order to prevent exacerbation of Systemic Lupus Erithematosus. The majority of immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclophosphamide and methotrexate, are contraindicated in pregnancy.

Effect of a muscle stretching program using the global postural reeducation method for patients with chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of a muscle stretching program using the global postural reeducation (GPR) method for patients with chronic low back pain. METHODS: A randomized, controlled, clinical trial with a single blinded examiner and intention-to-treat analysis was conducted. Sixty-one patients with chronic low back pain were randomly allocated to either the GPR group or a control group. Patients in the GPR group underwent one weekly 60-minute session of GPR for a period of 12 weeks. The control group remained on the waiting list under drug treatment, with no physical intervention. The following parameters were evaluated: pain (VAS), function capacity (Roland-Morris Questionnaire [RMQ]), quality of life (SF-36) and depressive symptoms (Beck Inventory). The evaluations were performed by a single blinded examiner at baseline, three and six months after the initial evaluation. RESULTS: The GPR group demonstrated statistical improvements (P<0.05) in the VAS and RMQ as well as the pain, emotional aspects, limitation in physical functioning, vitality and mental health subscales of the SF-36 immediately after the intervention (three months), which were maintained through to the six-month evaluation. DISCUSSIONS: Based on the findings, a stretching program using the GPR method showed effective at improving pain, function, some quality of life aspects (emotional, limitations in physical functioning, vitality and mental health) and had no effect on depressive symptoms in patients with chronic low back pain.

Pilates improves pain, function and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of pilates method on patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (LBP). METHOD: A randomized controlled trial was carried out in sixty patients with a diagnosis of chronic non-specific LBP. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Experimental Group (EG) that maintained medication treatment with use of NSAID and underwent treatment with the pilates method and Control Group (CG) that continue medication treatment with use of NSAID and did not undergo any other intervention. A blinded assessor performed all evaluations at baseline (T0), after 45, 90, and 180 days (T45, T90 and T180) for: pain (VAS), function (Roland Morris questionnaire), quality of life (SF-36), satisfaction with treatment (Likert scale), flexibility (sit and reach test) and NSAID intake. RESULTS: The groups were homogeneous at baseline. Statistical differences favoring the EG were found with regard to pain (P < 0.001), function (P < 0.001) and the quality of life domains of functional capacity (P < 0.046), pain (P < 0.010) and vitality (P < 0.029). Statistical differences were also found between groups regarding the use of pain medication at T45, T90 and T180 (P < 0.010), with the EG taking fewer NSAIDs than the CG. CONCLUSIONS: The pilates method can be used by patients with LBP to improve pain, function and aspects related to quality of life (functional capacity, pain and vitality). Moreover, this method has no harmful effects on such patients.

Dor lombar inespecífica em adultos jovens: fatores de risco associados / Nonspecific low back pain in young adults: Associated risk factors

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar fatores de risco potenciais para dor lombar na rotina diária de dois grupos de jovens: indivíduos com queixa de dor lombar e um grupo de controle. Métodos: A amostra consistiu de 198 estudantes em idade universitária (homens e mulheres), entre 18 e 29 anos. De acordo com os diagnósticos de dor nas costas, os participantes foram separados em dois grupos: com ou sem dor lombar crônica inespecífica. Ambos os grupos foram avaliados por um observador "cego", i.e. desconhecedor da presença ou de qualquer outra indicação de dor lombar. Foram aplicados questionários relativos às características clínico-demográficas, estilo de vida, qualidade de vida (questionário SF-36), dor pela escala visual analógica (EVA) e exame físico. Resultados: Uma análise univariada demonstrou uma associação estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05) entre presença de dor lombar e alguns fatores. Houve uma associação negativa entre dor lombar e as seguintes variáveis: IMC, autoavaliação da saúde/EVA e alguns domínios do SF-36 (função física, dor corporal, saúde em geral, vitalidade, função social). Houve uma correlação positiva com as seguintes variáveis: dor global por EVA, presença de dor difusa e número de pontos sensíveis. Contudo, a análise multivariada demonstrou correlações estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05) entre dor lombar e poucas variáveis: dor global por EVA e número de pontos sensíveis. Conclusão: Algumas variáveis relacionadas à dor difusa crônica e à má qualidade de vida podem estar associadas à dor lombar crônica em adultos jovens. Mas há necessidade de estudos longitudinais. .

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate potential risk factors related to low back pain in the daily routines of two sets of youths: individuals complaining of chronic low back pain and a control group. Methods: The sample consisted of 198 university-age students (male and female) aged between 18 and 29. In accordance with back pain diagnoses, they were separated into two groups: with or without nonspecific chronic low back pain. Both groups were evaluated by a "blinded" observer with no knowledge to the presence or otherwise of lower back pain. Questionnaires concerning clinical-demographic characteristics, life style, quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire), pain visual analogical scales (VAS), and physical examination were applied. Results: A univariate analysis showed a statistically significant association (P < 0.05) with the presence of low back pain and some factors. There was a negative association between low back pain and the following variables: BMI, health self-assessment, VAS and some SF-36 domains (physical functioning, body pain, general health, vitality, social functioning). There was a positive correlation with the following variables: global pain by VAS, presence of diffuse pain and number of tender points. However, the multivariate analysis showed statistically significant correlations (P < 0.05) between low back pain and few variables: global pain VAS and number of tender points. Conclusion: Some variables related to chronic diffuse pain and lower quality of life might be associated to chronic low back pain in young adults. However, longitudinal studies are necessary. .

[Nonspecific low back pain in young adults: associated risk factors]. / Dor lombar inespecífica em adultos jovens: fatores de risco associados.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate potential risk factors related to low back pain in the daily routines of two sets of youths: individuals complaining of chronic low back pain and a control group. METHODS: The sample consisted of 198 university-age students (male and female) aged between 18 and 29. In accordance with back pain diagnoses, they were separated into two groups: with or without nonspecific chronic low back pain. Both groups were evaluated by a "blinded" observer with no knowledge to the presence or otherwise of lower back pain. Questionnaires concerning clinical-demographic characteristics, life style, quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire), pain visual analogical scales (VAS), and physical examination were applied. RESULTS: A univariate analysis showed a statistically significant association (P<0.05) with the presence of low back pain and some factors. There was a negative association between low back pain and the following variables: BMI, health self-assessment, VAS and some SF-36 domains (physical functioning, body pain, general health, vitality, social functioning). There was a positive correlation with the following variables: global pain by VAS, presence of diffuse pain and number of tender points. However, the multivariate analysis showed statistically significant correlations (P<0.05) between low back pain and few variables: global pain VAS and number of tender points. CONCLUSION: Some variables related to chronic diffuse pain and lower quality of life might be associated to chronic low back pain in young adults. However, longitudinal studies are necessary.

Effect of facet joint injection versus systemic steroids in low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.

STUDY DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of facet joint injection versus systemic steroid in patients with a diagnosis of facet joint syndrome. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The term facet joint syndrome has been used to define back pain originating from the facet joints. Treatment is mainly conservative, although interventions, including intra-articular injections and medial branch nerve blocks are used to manage facet-mediated pain. Several studies have evaluated the effectiveness of these interventions. Results of facet joint injection, however, are conflicting. METHODS: Sixty subjects with a diagnosis of facet joint syndrome were enrolled in the study. They were randomized into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was administered with intra-articular injection of 6 lumbar facet joints with triamcinolone hexacetonide; the control group was administered with triamcinolone acetonide intramuscular injection of 6 lumbar paravertebral points. Visits were taken at baseline and at 1, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after interventions. Outcome measures were used: pain visual analogue scale, pain visual analogue scale during extension of the spine, Likert scale, improvement percentage scale, Roland-Morris, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, and accountability of medications taken.Homogeneity was tested using the Student t, Pearson χ, and Mann-Whitney tests. Analysis of variance was used to analyze differences in the groups over time and the Student t test to analyze differences between groups at each time evaluation. RESULTS: The groups were similar at baseline. Comparisons between the groups showed, in analysis of variance analysis, an improvement in the experimental group regarding diclofenac intake and quality of life, in the "role physical" profile, assessed by 36-Item Short Form Health Survey.In the analysis at each time point, an improvement in the experimental group was also found in the Roland-Morris questionnaire, in the improvement percentage scale and in the response to treatment, assessed by the Likert scale. CONCLUSION: Both treatments were effective, with a slight superiority of the intra-articular injection of steroids over intramuscular injection.

Atualizações no tratamento do lúpus cutâneo / Updates in cutaneous lupus treatment

O lúpus cutâneo é a principal manifestação clínica do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico. Diferentes formas de apresentações clínicas e histopatológicas compõem o quadro cutâneo. A diferenciação de tais apresentações clínicas é de grande relevância para melhor abordagem terapêutica dos pacientes. Ampla variedade de intervenções terapêuticas está atualmente disponível para o tratamento do lúpus cutâneo. Nessa revisão, serão abordadas as principais opções terapêuticas, medicamentosas e não-medicamentosas, além das novas terapias ainda em estudo.

Cutaneous lupus is the most common systemic lupus erythematosus clinical manifestation. Skin lesions are classified according to the clinical and histopathologic features, which are of great relevancy for the management of the disease. Nowadays several therapeutic interventions are available to the treatment of cutaneous lupus. In this review we will approach the most widely used and also the new therapies which are under study.

Computer-aided diagnosis in chest radiography for detection of childhood pneumonia.

OBJECTIVES: This article presents a novel approach based on computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) scheme and wavelet transforms to aid pneumonia diagnosis in children, using chest radiograph images. The prototype system, named Pneumo-CAD, was designed to classify images into presence (PP) or absence of pneumonia (PA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The knowledge database for the Pneumo-CAD comprised chest images confirmed as PP or PA by two radiologists trained to interpret chest radiographs according to the WHO guidelines for the diagnosis of pneumonia in children. The performance of the Pneumo-CAD was evaluated by a subset of images randomly selected from the knowledge database. The retrieval of similar images was made by feature extraction using wavelets transform coefficients of the image. The energy of the wavelet coefficients was used to compose the feature vector in order to support the computational classification of images as PP or PA. Methodology I worked with a rank-weighted 15-nearest-neighbour scheme, while methodology II employed a distance-dependent weighting for image classification. The performance of the prototype system was assessed by the ROC curve. RESULTS: Overall, the Pneumo-CAD using the Haar wavelet presented the best accuracy in discriminating PP from PA for both, methodology I (AUC=0.97) and methodology II (AUC=0.94), reaching sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 80% and 90%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Pneumo-CAD could represent a complementary tool to screen children with clinical suspicion of pneumonia, and so to contribute to gather information on the burden of-pneumonia estimates in order to help guide health policies toward preventive interventions.

artrite reumatóide / Rheumatoid arthritis

A artrite reumatóide é uma doença inflamatória que acomete primordialmente as articulações sinoviais. Se não tratada adequada e rapidamente, promove lesões irreversíveis que levam à incapacidade física e redução na qualidade de vida. Nos últimos anos, novas opções terapêuticas têm sido desenvolvidas, proporcionando melhor manejo da doença.(au)

Atresia do trato gastrintestinal: avaliação por métodos de imagem / Atresia of the gastrointestinal tract: imaging evaluation

Um amplo espectro de anomalias congênitas pode afetar qualquer nível do trato gastrintestinal, do esôfago ao ânus. A atresia é uma importante causa de obstrução gastrintestinal, com alta taxa de morbidade em recém-natos. Há diversos mecanismos patológicos possíveis para explicar esta malformação e duas explicações clássicas de sua gênese são um defeito de recanalização do tubo intestinal ou uma interrupção no suprimento sanguíneo durante a vida intra-uterina. Os autores fazem uma revisão da literatura com ensaio iconográfico dos achados de imagem em crianças com atresia do trato gastrintestinal.

Análise do padrão radiográfico da pneumonia bacteriana: correlação clínica e concordância entre o pediatra e o radiologista em um contexto de vigilância epidemiológica / Analysis of radiological pattern in bacterial pneumonia, clinical correlation and agreement between pediatrician and radiologist in an epidemiological surveillance context

Objetivos: Avaliar a concordância entre o pediatra e o radiologista no diagnóstico radiológico de pneumonia bacteriana, descrever o padrão radiológico das radiografias de tórax de crianças diagnosticadas com pneumonia pelos pediatras e correlacionar c padrão radiológico com os achados clínicos em crianças admitidas para internação por pneumonia bacteriana. Métodos: Esta investigação foi delineada utilizando-se estrutura de um sistema de vigilância epidemiológica de pneumonia bacteriana no município de Goiânia, Goiás. Radiografias de 643 crianças menores de cinco anos à idade hospitalizadas com pneumonia foram primeiramente avaliadas pelos pediatra(no momento da internação) e posteriormente fotografadas com câmera digital enviadas para dois radiologistas previamente treinados para interpretar radiografia pediátricas de acordo com especificações padronizadas pela Organização Mundial c Saúde. No momento de admissão hospitalar se preencheu uma ficha clínica epidemiológica. Resultados: A concordância interobservador para o diagnóstico radiológico de pneumonia compatível com padrão bacteriano foi de 71,4 por cento. radiografias com padrão técnico não-adequado apresentaram uma proporção significativamente maior de laudos considerados normais pelos radiologistas. E relação a localização das opacidades no parênquima pulmonar o pulmão direito foi mais acometido de forma individual, tanto nas opacidades intersticiais (52,4 por cento) qual alveolares (54,8 por cento). O pulmão direito e o lobo inferior direito foram os mais acometidos nos casos de pneumonia de padrão bacteriano, respectivamente com a freqüência 53,4 por cento e 57 por cento. Dentre as variáveis clínicas avaliadas a tiragem intercostal e o sibilo mostraram-se estatisticamente associados respectivamente aos casos de pneumonia de padrão bacteriano e de pneumonia intersticial e laudo normal. Conclusões concordância entre o pediatra e o radiologista foi baixa. O padrão de acometimento pulmonar mais freqüente foi o alveolar com predomínio do pulmão direito e do I inferior. A complicação da pneumonia mais observada foi o derrame pleural. A tira intercostal mostrou-se mais associada à opacidade alveolar e o sibilo à opacicidade intersticial.

Effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae b conjugate vaccine on childhood pneumonia: a case-control study in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine has been highly efficacious in reducing type b H. influenzae meningitis. However, information is limited about its impact on childhood pneumonia after vaccine introduction into the routine programme. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Hib conjugate vaccine in the reduction of community-acquired pneumonia among infants in Central Brazil. METHODS: A matched case-control study was built into an ongoing prospective population-based surveillance of pneumonia, enrolling 1293 participants between May 2000 and August 2001. Cases (n = 431) were children

Os afetos na depressão: um estudo exploratório em mulheres

Este trabalho tem como pesquisar quais são e como se organizam os afetos no quadro depressivo, através de um imbricamento entre a teoria psicanalítica da dinâmica dos afetos e o levantamento empírico das falas de paciente com este transtorno do humor, Freud (1917; 1923) e outros autores pós-freudianos (Klein, 1935;1975; Kristeva, 1989; Fedida, 1999; 2000; Brenner, 1992) nortearão este estudo na medida em que relacionam este quadro sintomatológico com afetos ambivalentes, escolha objetal marcada pelo narcisismo, retorno da raiva ao eu, relação idealizada com a mãe e ausência de amor autodirigido. O estudo se baseia na análise qualitativa da fala de quatro pacientes depressivas. Utilizou-se para a obtenção dos dados a escala Beck-BDI, que serviu para confirmar o diagnóstico, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e temáticas. A análise do conteúdo e a análise psicanalítica dos dados permitiram que emergissem categorias e subcategorias relativas aos afetos e sentimentos existentes nas depressivas entrevistadas. A análise da escola Beck-BDI demonstrou tratar-se de um grupo de três participantes com depressão grave e uma com moderada. Nas entrevistas, encontrou-se a presença da ambivalência afetiva direcionada ao objeto amoroso; dificuldades de lidar com a raiva quando dirigida ao outro, com parte desta retornando em direção ao eu; ausência de amor autodirigido; busca de reedição do vínculo de amor materno, que aparece intensificado; e assunção de uma posição passiva de 'ser amada', ao invés de 'amar', que se torna protótipo de relações afetivas posteriores.(AU)

Microlitíase alveolar pulmonar em gêmeos univitelinos: relato de dois casos / Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis in monozygotic twins: report of two cases

Os autores apresentam dois casos de microlitíase alveolar pulmonar em gêmeos monozigóticos. Os principais achados obtidos em exames radiográficos e de tomografia computadorizada (técnica de alta resolução) são enfatizados, com base em breve revisão literária.

Displasia craniometafisária: relato de caso / Craniometaphyseal dysplasia: case report

Apresentamos um caso de uma criança com dois anos e oito meses de idade,acometida pela forma recessiva da displasia craniometafisária. São enfatizados os achados clínico-radiológicos, bem como seus principais diagnósticos diferenciais, baseados em dados de breve revisão literária.

Emergência da múltipla resistência a antimicrobianos em Vibrio cholerae isolados de pacientes com gastroenterite no Ceará, Brasil / Emergence of multiple drug resistence in Vibrio cholerae isolated from patients with gastroenteritis in Ceará, Brasil

Das 7058 amostras de Vibrio cholerae isoladas de pacientes com suspeita de síndrome coleriforme, no período de 1991 a 1993, no Estado do Ceará, foram detectadas duas com as características de múltipla resistência aos antimicrobianos (tetraciclina, ampicilina, sulfametoxazol-trimetoprima) e ao composto vibriostático O/129 (2,4-diamino-6, 7-diisopropilpteridina). Do ponto de vista bacteriológico uma amostra foi identificada como V.cholerae sorogrupo O:1, biotipo El Tor e sorovar Inaba e a outra, caracterizada como V. cholerae sorogrupo O:22, classificada bioquimicamente no tipo II de Heiberg. Foi demonstrado que apenas na amostra do sorogrupo O:1, a multirresistência era codificada por um plasmídio, transferível por conjugaçäo para Escherichia coli K12 e amostras sensíveis de V. cholerae O1 e näo O1, numa frequência entre 8x10-² a 5x10-(6). O plasmídio responsável pela multirresistência apresentou um peso molecular de 147 Kb, compatível com as descriçöes em outras partes do mundo