Ensiling Sorghum with Urea, Aerobic Exposure and Effects on Intake, Digestibility, Ingestive Behaviour and Blood Parameters of Feedlot Lambs.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of ensiling sorghum silage with urea and amending the aerobic exposure nutrients intake and apparent digestibility, ingestive behaviour and blood serum metabolites of feedlot lambs. Forty uncastrated crossbred Dorper × Santa Inês lambs, aged 150 ± 15 days and with an initial body weight of 21.73 ± 2.40 kg, were used. Animals were assigned in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Thus, six silage diets were produced with various urea addition levels (UA: 0 and 5 g/kg on a natural matter basis) and periods of aerobic exposure of silages (PAE: 0, 24 and 48 h). An effect was observed for nutrient intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre corrected for ash and protein (NDFap) and total digestive nutrients TDN (g/day) and for the total apparent digestibility of DM, OM and CP. There was an interaction effect between urea levels and aerobic exposure for ether extract (EE) and NDFap intakes (g/kg) and nonfibrous carbohydrate (NFC) digestibility (g/kg) (p = 0.012). The addition of 5 g/kg of urea to sorghum ensilage improved the digestibility parameters without changing dry matter intake and ingestive behaviour. The addition or not of urea does not change the blood parameters of the animals.

Effects of cottonseed hull on intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, blood metabolites and ingestive behaviour of rams.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cottonseed hull (CH) in the diets of rams on intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, ingestive behaviour, and blood metabolites. Twenty males, uncastrated with an average body weight of 29.08 ± 4.18 kg, were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatment diets and five replicates. The diet contained a forage to concentrate ratio of 50 : 50 (ground corn, soybean meal, corn silage, and CH), and the experimental treatments were inclusion of 0, 10, 20, and 30% CH (dry matter basis). Inclusion of CH linearly increased water intake, effective intake of ethereal extract and non-fibrous carbohydrates, and crude protein digestibility. Dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility, nitrogen faecal losses, and nitrogen balance reduced linearly with CH inclusion in the diet. Inclusion of CH in rams' diet reduces intake, nutrient digestibility, and intake and rumination efficiencies. Thus, it is not recommended to add this by-product to the diet of high-performance rams, but for nurture that does not aim at high performance, inclusion of up to 5% of this by-product is recommended.

Intake and digestibility in sheep fed on marandu grass silages added with dehydrated barley / Ingestão e digestibilidade de ovinos alimentados com silagens de capim-marandu aditivadas com resíduo de cervejaria desidratado

The objective was to evaluate the intake and the apparent digestibility in sheep fed on marandu grass silages added with dehydrated barley. Twenty crossbred Santa Inês lambs were used, with a mean initial weight of 30±4.5 kg and mean age of 14±2 months. The experimental sheep were distributed into a completely randomized design and lining, with five treatments and four repetitions, with treatments levels of inclusion of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% natural matter of naturally dehydrated brewery residue for 36 hours to the marandu grass silage to feed the sheep. The evaluation period lasted 21 days, 15 for adaptation to the diets and 7 days for data collection. The data was submitted to analysis of variance, and when significant (P<0.05) the treatment means were analysed by regression. The inclusion of dehydrated barley to silage showed a linear increase in water intake (P<0.05), increased by 0.02% per unit of dehydrated barley. A quadratic effect was observed for the levels of dehydrated barley on the dry matter intake (DM), estimating a maximum consumption of 2.86% DM for silages containing 17.8% dehydrated barley. The crude protein intake (CP) behaved quadratically, with the maximum value estimated of 0.29% CP at a level of 22.5% dehydrated barley. Ether extract (EE) intake also exhibited quadratic behaviour (P<0.05), with the maximum value estimated of 0.2% EE at a level of 28.25% dehydrated barley. The regression study showed quadratic behaviour; with the maximum estimated value of neutral detergent fibre was 2.33% at a level of 34.58% dehydrated barley. No statistical significance was found for the intake of acid detergent fibre or organic matter (P>0.05). It was concluded that the addition of levels of 20 to 30% of dehydrated barley to silage resulted in a positive response for the dry matter intake, crude protein, Ether extract and neutral detergent fibre.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente de ovinos alimentados com silagens de capim marandu aditivadas com resíduo de cervejaria desidratado. Foram utilizados 20 ovinos mestiços de Santa Inês machos inteiros, com peso médio inicial de 30±4.5 kg e média de 14±2 meses de idade. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos níveis de inclusão de 0, 10, 20, 30 e 40% da matéria natural de resíduo de cervejaria desidratado naturalmente por 36 horas à silagem de capim-marandu. O período de avaliação teve duração de 21 dias, sendo 15 para adaptação às dietas e seis para as coletas. Os dados foram submetidas à análise de variância, e quando significativo, as médias dos tratamentos à análise de regressão. A inclusão do resíduo de cervejaria desidratado promoveu aumento linear (P<0,05) no consumo de água, que aumentou em 0,02 ponto percentual a cada unidade de resíduo adicionada. Observou-se efeito quadrático (P<0,05) nos níveis de resíduo de cervejaria desidratado sobre o consumo de matéria seca, estimando-se consumo máximo de 2,86% peso vivo (PV) para silagens contendo 17,8% de resíduo de cervejaria. O consumo de proteína bruta apresentou comportamento quadrático, de modo que o valor máximo foi estimado em 0,29%PV de proteína bruta para o nível de 22,5% de resíduo de cervejaria desidratado. Para o consumo de extrato etéreo, houve comportamento quadrático (P<0,05), em que o valor máximo foi estimado em 0,2%PV de extrato etéreo para o nível de 28,25% de resíduo de cervejaria desidratado. O estudo de regressão mostrou comportamento quadrático (P<0,05) para o consumo de fibra em detergente neutro, em que o valor máximo foi estimado em 2,33% PV de fibra em detergente neutro para o nível de 34,58% de resíduo de cervejaria desidratado. Para os consumos de fibra em detergente ácido e matéria orgânica, não foi observada significância estatística (P>0,05). (AU)

Intake and digestibility in sheep fed on marandu grass silages added with dehydrated barley / Ingestão e digestibilidade de ovinos alimentados com silagens de capim-marandu aditivadas com resíduo de cervejaria desidratado

The objective was to evaluate the intake and the apparent digestibility in sheep fed on marandu grass silages added with dehydrated barley. Twenty crossbred Santa Inês lambs were used, with a mean initial weight of 30±4.5 kg and mean age of 14±2 months. The experimental sheep were distributed into a completely randomized design and lining, with five treatments and four repetitions, with treatments levels of inclusion of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% natural matter of naturally dehydrated brewery residue for 36 hours to the marandu grass silage to feed the sheep. The evaluation period lasted 21 days, 15 for adaptation to the diets and 7 days for data collection. The data was submitted to analysis of variance, and when significant (P<0.05) the treatment means were analysed by regression. The inclusion of dehydrated barley to silage showed a linear increase in water intake (P<0.05), increased by 0.02% per unit of dehydrated barley. A quadratic effect was observed for the levels of dehydrated barley on the dry matter intake (DM), estimating a maximum consumption of 2.86% DM for silages containing 17.8% dehydrated barley. The crude protein intake (CP) behaved quadratically, with the maximum value estimated of 0.29% CP at a level of 22.5% dehydrated barley. Ether extract (EE) intake also exhibited quadratic behaviour (P<0.05), with the maximum value estimated of 0.2% EE at a level of 28.25% dehydrated barley. The regression study showed quadratic behaviour; with the maximum estimated value of neutral detergent fibre was 2.33% at a level of 34.58% dehydrated barley. No statistical significance was found for the intake of acid detergent fibre or organic matter (P>0.05). It was concluded that the addition of levels of 20 to 30% of dehydrated barley to silage resulted in a positive response for the dry matter intake, crude protein, Ether extract and neutral detergent fibre.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente de ovinos alimentados com silagens de capim marandu aditivadas com resíduo de cervejaria desidratado. Foram utilizados 20 ovinos mestiços de Santa Inês machos inteiros, com peso médio inicial de 30±4.5 kg e média de 14±2meses de idade. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos níveis de inclusão de 0, 10, 20, 30 e 40% da matéria natural de resíduo de cervejaria desidratado naturalmente por 36 horas à silagem de capim-marandu. O período de avaliação teve duração de 21 dias, sendo 15 para adaptação às dietas e seis para as coletas. Os dados foram submetidas à análise de variância, e quando significativo, as médias dos tratamentos à análise de regressão. A inclusão do resíduo de cervejaria desidratado promoveu aumento linear (P<0,05) no consumo de água, que aumentou em 0,02 ponto percentual a cada unidade de resíduo adicionada. Observou-se efeito quadrático (P<0,05) nos níveis de resíduo de cervejaria desidratado sobre o consumo de matéria seca, estimando-se consumo máximo de 2,86% peso vivo (PV) para silagens contendo 17,8% de resíduo de cervejaria. O consumo de proteína bruta apresentou comportamento quadrático, de modo que o valor máximo foi estimado em 0,29%PV de proteína bruta para o nível de 22,5% de resíduo de cervejaria desidratado. Para o consumo de extrato etéreo, houve comportamento quadrático (P<0,05), em que o valor máximo foi estimado em 0,2%PV de extrato etéreo para o nível de 28,25% de resíduo de cervejaria desidratado. O estudo de regressão mostrou comportamento quadrático (P<0,05) para o consumo de fibra em detergente neutro, em que o valor máximo foi estimado em 2,33% PV de fibra em detergente neutro para o nível de 34,58% de resíduo de cervejaria desidratado. Para os consumos de fibra em detergente ácido e matéria orgânica, não foi observada significância estatística (P>0,05). Conclui-se que silagens aditivada com níveis de 20 a 30% de resíduo de cervejaria desidratado, promoveram respostas positivas aos consumos de matéria seca, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo e fibra em detergente neutro.(AU)

Intake and digestibility in sheep fed on marandu grass silages added with dehydrated barley

ABSTRACT: The objective was to evaluate the intake and the apparent digestibility in sheep fed on marandu grass silages added with dehydrated barley. Twenty crossbred Santa Inês lambs were used, with a mean initial weight of 30±4.5 kg and mean age of 14±2 months. The experimental sheep were distributed into a completely randomized design and lining, with five treatments and four repetitions, with treatments levels of inclusion of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% natural matter of naturally dehydrated brewery residue for 36 hours to the marandu grass silage to feed the sheep. The evaluation period lasted 21 days, 15 for adaptation to the diets and 7 days for data collection. The data was submitted to analysis of variance, and when significant (P 0.05) the treatment means were analysed by regression. The inclusion of dehydrated barley to silage showed a linear increase in water intake (P 0.05), increased by 0.02% per unit of dehydrated barley. A quadratic effect was observed for the levels of dehydrated barley on the dry matter intake (DM), estimating a maximum consumption of 2.86% DM for silages containing 17.8% dehydrated barley. The crude protein intake (CP) behaved quadratically, with the maximum value estimated of 0.29% CP at a level of 22.5% dehydrated barley. Ether extract (EE) intake also exhibited quadratic behaviour (P 0.05), with the maximum value estimated of 0.2% EE at a level of 28.25% dehydrated barley. The regression study showed quadratic behaviour; with the maximum estimated value of neutral detergent fibre was 2.33% at a level of 34.58% dehydrated barley. No statistical significance was found for the intake of acid detergent fibre or organic matter (P>0.05). It was concluded that the addition of levels of 20 to 30% of dehydrated barley to silage resulted in a positive response for the dry matter intake, crude protein, Ether extract and neutral detergent fibre.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente de ovinos alimentados com silagens de capim marandu aditivadas com resíduo de cervejaria desidratado. Foram utilizados 20 ovinos mestiços de Santa Inês machos inteiros, com peso médio inicial de 30±4.5 kg e média de 14±2meses de idade. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos níveis de inclusão de 0, 10, 20, 30 e 40% da matéria natural de resíduo de cervejaria desidratado naturalmente por 36 horas à silagem de capim-marandu. O período de avaliação teve duração de 21 dias, sendo 15 para adaptação às dietas e seis para as coletas. Os dados foram submetidas à análise de variância, e quando significativo, as médias dos tratamentos à análise de regressão. A inclusão do resíduo de cervejaria desidratado promoveu aumento linear (P 0,05) no consumo de água, que aumentou em 0,02 ponto percentual a cada unidade de resíduo adicionada. Observou-se efeito quadrático (P 0,05) nos níveis de resíduo de cervejaria desidratado sobre o consumo de matéria seca, estimando-se consumo máximo de 2,86% peso vivo (PV) para silagens contendo 17,8% de resíduo de cervejaria. O consumo de proteína bruta apresentou comportamento quadrático, de modo que o valor máximo foi estimado em 0,29%PV de proteína bruta para o nível de 22,5% de resíduo de cervejaria desidratado. Para o consumo de extrato etéreo, houve comportamento quadrático (P 0,05), em que o valor máximo foi estimado em 0,2%PV de extrato etéreo para o nível de 28,25% de resíduo de cervejaria desidratado. O estudo de regressão mostrou comportamento quadrático (P 0,05) para o consumo de fibra em detergente neutro, em que o valor máximo foi estimado em 2,33% PV de fibra em detergente neutro para o nível de 34,58% de resíduo de cervejaria desidratado. Para os consumos de fibra em detergente ácido e matéria orgânica, não foi observada significância estatística (P>0,05). Conclui-se que silagens aditivada com níveis de 20 a 30% de resíduo de cervejaria desidratado, promoveram respostas positivas aos consumos de matéria seca, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo e fibra em detergente neutro.

Chemical composition and nutrient degradability in elephant grass silage inoculated with Streptococcus bovis isolated from the rumen.

The objective of the present study was to assess the chemical and bromatological composition and in situ degradability of elephant grass silages inoculated with Streptococcus bovis isolated from cattle rumen. A complete randomized design was used with four treatments and six replications: elephant grass silage, elephant grass silage inoculated with 10(6) CFU/g Streptococcus bovis JB1 strains; elephant grass silage inoculated with 106 CFU/g Streptococcus bovis HC5 strains; elephant grass silage inoculated with 106 CFU/g Enterococcus faecium with six replications each. The pH and ammoniacal nitrogen values were lower (P<0.05) for the silages inoculated with Streptococcus bovis JB1 and HC5, respectively. The silage inoculated with Streptococcus bovis had a higher crude protein content (P<0.05) and there were no differences for the fiber contents in the silage. The (a)soluble fraction degradability, especially in the silages inoculated with Streptococcus bovis JB1 and HC5, had higher values, 30.77 and 29.97%, for dry matter and 31.01 and 36.66% for crude protein, respectively. Inoculation with Streptococcus bovis improved the fermentation profile, protein value and rumen degradability of the nutrients.