Catalog for the Brazilian Amblycerus Thunberg (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) with taxonomic notes, host plants associations and distributional records.

A taxonomic catalog of the Amblycerus species distributed in Brazil is presented with information on deposition of types, synonymies, distributions, host plants, parasites and complete literature for each species. This catalog includes 61 species, five of them recorded for the first time for Brazil, and other seven species also recorded for other countries besides Brazil. A total of 23 species have new Brazilian states records. Two species of Spermophagus are transferred to Amblycerus: A. nigronotatus (Pic, 1952) comb.n. and Amblycerus germaini comb.n. The lectotypes of Spermophagus cistelinus Gyllenhal, 1833 and Spermophagus unimaculatus Pic, 1955 are here designated. Amblycerus species consume seeds of at least 13 host plant families. In this catalog we record new host records for seven Amblycerus species belonging to six plant families.

Revision and phylogeny of Hypotelus Erichson: a Neotropical genus of minute rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Piestinae).

The rove beetle genus Hypotelus Erichson, 1839 is one of seven extant genera of a subfamily with a historically misinterpreted concept, status and phylogenetic position. The genus comprises minute species that have been found under the bark of trees or in leaf litter mainly in Neotropical forests. The major aim of this study was to test the monophyly of this genus based on adult morphology and to review its species. Cladistic analyses were performed and Hypotelus is a monophyletic genus supported by 8 synapomorphies and includes five new species: H. brevitarsus sp. nov., H. castaneus sp. nov., H. corniculatus sp. nov., H. melanodelta sp. nov. and H. scheerpeltzi sp. nov. Additionally, all species are described/redescribed and illustrated, most of them for the first time. An identification key, geographical records and natural history data for each species are also provided.

The New World Gibbobruchus Pic (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae): description of a new species and phylogenetic insights into the evolution of host associations and biogeography.

The seed beetle Gibbobruchus tridentatus Manfio, Jorge & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. is described from the Amazon basin in Brazil (Acre) and Ecuador (Napo), and is included in an updated key to the species of Gibbobruchus Pic. This new species and the recently described G. bergamini Manfio & Ribeiro-Costa are incorporated into a phylogenetic reanalysis of the genus and into a comparative analysis of host plant use and biogeography. Species groups previously proposed were supported and the evolutionary history in host plant-use shows Gibbobruchus conserved at tribe level, Cercideae (Caesalpinioideae), with coordination between biogeographic expansion and host genus shifts. Both species, Gibbobruchus tridentatus Manfio, Jorge & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. and G. bergamini, were placed within the group scurra (G. tridentatus (G. scurra (G. cavillator+G. bolivianus+G. bergamini))) and supported by one synapomorphy. Additionally, we update geographic distributions and host plant records. Two hosts, Bauhinia argentinensis Burkart and B. tarapotensis Benth. are recorded for the first time as hosts for the genus and for the subfamily.

On the taxonomy of the Brazilian flea beetle genus Miritius Bechyné & Bechyné (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini: Monoplatina) with description of two new species.

A taxonomic study was performed on the Brazilian genus Miritius Bechyné & Bechyné of Monoplatina, Alticini. Here Miritius and two of its species are redescribed and descriptions for another two new species were provided: Miritius abdominalis Morais & Linzmeier sp. nov. (Mato Grosso, Brazil) and Miritius claudius Morais & Linzmeier sp. nov. (Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil). For the first time characters of the male and female genitalia, illustrations and a key to the Miritius species are presented.

Phylogeny and revision of a colorful Neotropical genus of rove beetles: Xenopygus Bernhauer (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae).

Xenopygus Bernhauer is one of the most colorful staphylinid beetles and widespread in the Neotropical region. The aim of this study was to test the monophyly of Xenopygus based on adult morphology and to review the current species. Cladistic analysis was performed with six ingroup species, including two new species. Xenopygus is a monophyletic group supported by: antennomere V as wide as long to slightly wider, antennomere VII two times wider than long and superior line of pronotal hypomere developed, continuous on the anterior angle of pronotum. Xenopygus is composed of six species, four previously described and two new species, with the following topology: ((X. analis+(X. bicolor+X. confusus))+(X. cordovensis+(X. sancticamillus, sp. nov.+ X. petilicolis, sp. nov.))). Xenopygus is the sister group to a clade formed by species of Dysanellus and Xanthopygus, corroborating previous phylogenetic studies. The genus, and all its species were redescribed, an identification key was produced and illustration diagnostic plates and distribution maps were also provided.

Evolution of Spermophagus seed beetles (Coleoptera, Bruchinae, Amblycerini) indicates both synchronous and delayed colonizations of host plants.

Seed beetles are a group of specialized chrysomelid beetles, which are mostly associated with plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). In the legume-feeding species, a marked trend of phylogenetic conservatism of host use has been highlighted by several molecular phylogenetics studies. Yet, little is known about the evolutionary patterns of association of species feeding outside the legume family. Here, we investigate the evolution of host use in Spermophagus, a species-rich seed beetle genus that is specialized on two non-legume host-plant groups: morning glories (Convolvulaceae) and mallows (Malvaceae: Malvoideae). Spermophagus species are widespread in the Old World, especially in the Afrotropical, Indomalaya and Palearctic regions. In this study we rely on eight gene regions to provide the first phylogenetic framework for the genus, along with reconstructions of host use evolution, estimates of divergence times and historical biogeography analyses. Like the legume-feeding species, a marked trend toward conservatism of host use is revealed, with one clade specializing on Convolvulaceae and the other on Malvoideae. Comparisons of plants' and insects' estimates of divergence times yield a contrasted pattern: on one hand a quite congruent temporal framework was recovered for morning-glories and their seed-predators; on the other hand the diversification of Spermophagus species associated with mallows apparently lagged far behind the diversification of their hosts. We hypothesize that this delayed colonization of Malvoideae can be accounted for by the respective biogeographic histories of the two groups.

Rove beetles of medical importance in Brazil (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae)

Rove beetles of medical importance in Brazil (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae). The rove beetles of the genus Paederus Fabricius, 1775 are the most important group within Coleoptera causing dermatitis around the world. The medical importance of Paederus depends on its toxic hemolymph released when these beetles are crushed on human skin. The effects are mainly dermatitis linearis and some sporadic cases of conjunctivitis. In Brazil seven species of Paederus are known to cause dermatitis: P. amazonicus Sharp, 1876, P. brasiliensis Erichson, 1840, P. columbinus Laporte, 1835, P. ferus Erichson, 1840, P. mutans Sharp, 1876, P. protensus Sharp, 1876 stat. rev., and Paederus rutilicornis Erichson, 1840. Paederus mutans and P. protensus are for the first time recorded as of medical importance, whereas the record of P. rutilicornis in Brazil is doubtful. All seven species are redescribed and a dichotomous key is provided. The geographic distributions of all species are documented. The results provided here include the most recent and relevant taxonomic revision of Paederus of the Neotropical region, the first identification key for Brazilian species and the increase of recorded species of medical importance in the world.

Body size of Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera, Insecta) in areas with different levels of conservation in South Brazil.

Body size is correlated with many species traits such as morphology, physiology, life history and abundance as well; it is one of the most discussed topics in macroecological studies. The aim of this paper was to analyze the body size distribution of Chrysomelidae, caught with Malaise traps during two years in four areas with different levels of conservation in the Araucaria Forest, Paraná, Brazil, determining if body size is a good predictor of abundance, and if body size could be used to indicate environmental quality. Body size was considered the total length of the specimen from the anterior region of head to the apex of abdomen/elytron. Measurements were taken for up to ten specimens of each species for each area and for all specimens of those species represented by fewer than ten individuals. The highest abundance and richness of Chrysomelidae were obtained in the lowest body size classes. This herbivorous group showed a trend toward a decrease in body size with increasing abundance, but body size was not a good predictor of its abundance. There was a trend toward a decrease in body size from the less to the most conserved areas; however, the definition of a pattern in successional areas not seems to be entirely clear.

Pseudopsis monica sp. nov. from the western Andes, Peru, with a key to the South American species of Pseudopsis Newman (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pseudopsinae) / Pseudopsis monica sp. nov. do oeste dos Andes, Peru, com chave para as espécies da America do Sul de Pseudopsis Newman (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Pseudopsinae)

Pseudopsis Newman, 1834 is a genus of Pseudopsinae with about 46 species distributed worldwide, five of which have been reported for South America. In this paper P. monica sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on specimens collected in Lima, Peru. A key to South American species of Pseudopsis and a catalog are also provided.

Pseudopsis Newman, 1834 é um gênero de Pseudopsinae com cerca de 46 espécies distribuídas no mundo, destas cinco são registradas para a América do Sul. Nesta contribuição P. monica sp. nov. é descrita com base em exemplares coletados em Lima, Peru. Uma chave para as espécies de Pseudopsis da América do Sul e um catálogo são fornecidos.

Name rectification and comparisons between Nephaspis cocois Gordon and Stethorus minutalus Gordon & Chapin (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).

This note has the purpose to rectify the identification of Stethorus minutalus Gordon & Chapin as a predator of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), for its correct name, Nephaspis cocois Gordon in a recent published paper. Similarities and differences between these two species are presented to avoid future misidentifications.

Name rectification and comparisons between Nephaspis cocois Gordon and Stethorus minutalus Gordon & Chapin (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

This note has the purpose to rectify the identification of Stethorus minutalus Gordon & Chapin as a predator of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), for its correct name, Nephaspis cocois Gordon in a recent published paper. Similarities and differences between these two species are presented to avoid future misidentifications.

[Development of Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boh.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) in genotypes of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae) cultivated in the State of Parana and containing arcelin]. / Desenvolvimento de Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boh.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) em genótipos de Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae) cultivados no Estado do Paraná e contendo arcelina.

This research intended to evaluate the development of Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boh.), a stored-grain pest, on bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) commonly cultivated in the State of Parana and containing arcelin, and the possible resistance of these genotypes to the bruchine. Tests were performed under laboratory conditions (27 masculineC, fotophase 12h, 50 +/- 10 % RH) with the genotypes TPS-Bionobre, IAC-Una, IPR-Uirapuru, IAPAR 44, IPR Juriti, IAPAR 81, Pérola, Carioca, Bolinha, and two others containing arcelin, Arc 1 and Arc 2. The genotypes with Arc 1 and 2 alleles caused higher mortality of immature stages; in Arc 1 developmental period was prolonged and the male and female dry weights were the lowest, suggesting an antibiosis mechanism of resistance. Non-preference for oviposition was not observed for these two genotypes. Among varieties without arcelin, IAPAR 44 was the most resistant to the bruchid, being the least preferred for oviposition, and promoting low percentage of viable eggs, long developmental period and reduced male and female adult dry weight. Perola, IPR Juriti and Bolinha with high number of eggs and viable eggs, low mortality of immature stages, were the most susceptible.

Desenvolvimento de Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boh.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) em genótipos de Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae) cultivados no Estado do Paraná e contendo arcelina / Development of Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boh.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) in genotypes of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae) cultivated in the State of Parana and containing arcelin

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento de Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boh.), praga de grãos armazenados, em genótipos de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) comumente cultivados no Paraná e com arcelina, e a possível resistência desses materiais ao bruquíneo. Foram realizados testes em laboratório (27°C, 50 ± 10 por cento UR, fotofase 12h) com os genótipos TPS-Bionobre, IAC-Una, IPR-Uirapuru, IAPAR 44, IPR Juriti, IAPAR 81, Pérola, Carioca e Bolinha, além de dois outros contendo arcelina, Arc 1 e Arc 2. Os genótipos com os alelos Arc 1 e 2 sugerem resistência do tipo antibiose, com elevada mortalidade das fases imaturas, e Arc 1, com período de desenvolvimento prolongado e drástica redução de peso de machos e fêmeas. A resistência do tipo não-preferência para oviposição não foi observada para estes dois genótipos. Dentre os genótipos sem arcelina, IAPAR 44 destacou-se como o mais resistente a Z. subfasciatus, pois foi o menos preferido para oviposição, promovendo baixo percentual de ovos viáveis, longo período de desenvolvimento e reduzido peso de machos e fêmeas. As cultivares Pérola, IPR Juriti e Bolinha foram os mais suscetíveis, com alto número de ovos e ovos viáveis, além de baixa porcentagem de mortalidade de fases imaturas.

This research intended to evaluate the development of Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boh.), a stored-grain pest, on bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) commonly cultivated in the State of Parana and containing arcelin, and the possible resistance of these genotypes to the bruchine. Tests were performed under laboratory conditions (27°C, fotophase 12h, 50 ± 10 percent RH) with the genotypes TPS-Bionobre, IAC-Una, IPR-Uirapuru, IAPAR 44, IPR Juriti, IAPAR 81, Pérola, Carioca, Bolinha, and two others containing arcelin, Arc 1 and Arc 2. The genotypes with Arc 1 and 2 alleles caused higher mortality of immature stages; in Arc 1 developmental period was prolonged and the male and female dry weights were the lowest, suggesting an antibiosis mechanism of resistance. Non-preference for oviposition was not observed for these two genotypes. Among varieties without arcelin, IAPAR 44 was the most resistant to the bruchid, being the least preferred for oviposition, and promoting low percentage of viable eggs, long developmental period and reduced male and female adult dry weight. Perola, IPR Juriti and Bolinha with high number of eggs and viable eggs, low mortality of immature stages, were the most susceptible.

Predação de sementes de Senna multijuga ( Rich. ) H.S. Irwin & Barneby ( Caesalpinaceae ) por bruquíneos ( Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae ) / Seed predation by bruchines ( Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae ) in Senna multijuga ( Rich. ) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Senna multijuga Rich. I. & B. (Caesalpinaceae) é uma espécie ornamental, comum no Sudeste do Brasil. A fim de verificar os danos causados por bruquíneos às sementes dessa planta, foram coletados frutos de 31 de março a 30 de maio de 2000. Os frutos foram acondicionados em casa de vegetação até a emergência dos insetos, que foram posteriormente identificados. Das amostras emergiram 67 por cento de Sennius crudelis Ribeiro-Costa & Reynaud, 20 por cento de Sennius puncticollis (FÕhraeus) e < 1 por cento de Sennius nappi Ribeiro-Costa & Reynaud. Das sementes analisadas, 62 por cento foram sadias, 26 por cento chochas e 12 por cento danificadas. O percentual de sementes chochas e danificadas foi de 38 por cento. Considerando que outros fatores diminuem a germinação das sementes, como patógenos e condições desfavoráveis do meio ambiente, esse percentual pode se tornar expressivo. Por outro lado, S. multijuga provavelmente está relacionada com estratégias de dispersão e fuga de predadores como a produção de sementes pequenas e em grande número, o que pode minimizar a perda causada por insetos espermófagos. Ressalta-se a necessidade de estudos durante várias fases fenológicas de frutificação, além de testes de germinação de sementes, com o intuito de melhor compreender a influência da predação por Bruchinae na capacidade reprodutiva de S. multijuga.