ABSTRACT
Biodegradable biopolymers from species of the animal kingdom or their byproducts are sustainable as ecological materials due to their abundant supply and compatibility with the environment. The research aims to obtain a biodegradable active material from chitosan, gelatin, and collagen from bocachico scales (Prochilodus magdalenae). Regarding the methodology, films were developed from gelatin, chitosan, and collagen from bocachico scales (Prochilodus magdalenae) at different concentrations using glycerol as a plasticizer and citric acid as a cross-linker. The films were obtained with the hydrated mass processed by compression molding and characterized according to humidity, water solubility, contact angle, mechanical properties, and structural properties. The results of the films showed a hydrophobic characteristic. First, the chitosan-collagen (CS/CO) films showed a yellowish color, while the gelatin-collagen (Gel/CO) films were transparent and less soluble than the gelatin-collagen (Gel/CO) films. Concerning mechanical properties, gelatin films showed higher stiffness and tensile strength than chitosan films. Furthermore, in the morphological analysis, more homogeneous chitosan films were obtained by increasing the concentration of citric acid. In general, chitosan, gelatin, and collagen extracted from the scales of the bocachico (Prochilodus magdalenae) are an alternative in the application of films in the food industry.
ABSTRACT
Vertigo is defined as an abnormal sensation of body motion or of its surrounding objects. It is a common chief complaint in emergency departments comprising 2 to 3% of these consultations worldwide. Vertigo is classified as peripheral or central, according to its origin, and can also be occasionally mixed, the most common cause of peripheral involvement being benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. The initial findings on clinical evaluation of patients are the clues for making a correct diagnosis. The differentiation between central and peripheral vertigo can be optimized by analysing nystagmus, by using the skew test and the head impulse test (HINTS), as also by performing the appropriate tests to evaluate the integrity of the vestibular-cerebellar pathway. In addition, tonal threshold audiometry could raise the diagnostic sensibility from 71 to 89% on initial approach. Appropriate diagnosis is the principal key for managing this clinical condition.
Subject(s)
Vertigo/diagnosis , Vertigo/physiopathology , Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo/diagnosis , Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo/physiopathology , Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo/therapy , Dizziness/diagnosis , Dizziness/physiopathology , Dizziness/therapy , Humans , Meniere Disease/diagnosis , Meniere Disease/physiopathology , Meniere Disease/therapy , Migraine Disorders/diagnosis , Migraine Disorders/physiopathology , Migraine Disorders/therapy , Nystagmus, Pathologic/diagnosis , Nystagmus, Pathologic/physiopathology , Nystagmus, Pathologic/therapy , Vertigo/therapy , Vestibular Neuronitis/diagnosis , Vestibular Neuronitis/physiopathology , Vestibular Neuronitis/therapyABSTRACT
El vértigo es definido como la sensación de movimiento ilusorio del cuerpo o de los objetos que le rodean. Es una de las causas más comunes de consulta en los departamentos de emergencia, y 2 a 3% de la población mundial consulta anualmente por este síntoma. De acuerdo al compromiso vestibular en el oído interno o en el sistema nervioso central o ambos, puede clasificarse en vértigo periférico, central o de origen mixto, siendo la principal causa del periférico el vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno. La valoración semiológica y anamnesis es fundamental para el diagnóstico. En el examen físico inicial, la diferenciación de un vértigo de origen central de otro de origen periférico, puede realizarse mediante el análisis del nistagmo, la valoración del impulso cefálico y la desviación ocular, que se integran en un sistema denominado HINTS, por sus siglas en inglés (Head Impulse, Nystamus type, Test of Skew), y por la realización de pruebas que evalúen también la vía vestíbulo-cerebelosa. Además, la realización de una audiometría tonal, aumentaría la sensibilidad diagnóstica de 71 a 89% en la evaluación inicial. El diagnóstico apropiado es la base para el tratamiento y control de esta condición clínica en el mediano y largo plazo.
Vertigo is defined as an abnormal sensation of body motion or of its surrounding objects. It is a common chief complaint in emergency departments comprising 2 to 3% of these consultations worldwide. Vertigo is classified as peripheral or central, according to its origin, and can also be occasionally mixed, the most common cause of peripheral involvement being benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. The initial findings on clinical evaluation of patients are the clues for making a correct diagnosis. The differentiation between central and peripheral vertigo can be optimized by analysing nystagmus, by using the skew test and the head impulse test (HINTS), as also by performing the appropriate tests to evaluate the integrity of the vestibular-cerebellar pathway. In addition, tonal threshold audiometry could raise the diagnostic sensibility from 71 to 89% on initial approach. Appropriate diagnosis is the principal key for managing this clinical condition.
