ABSTRACT
Child and adolescent sexual abuse (CSA) is an important global health problem, especially in non-Western low- and middle-income countries. A number of studies have indicated that, in Latin American countries, male CSA is phenomenon of great concern. However, research on this topic is seriously lacking, and more specifically, on male-on-male CSA. We carried out a qualitative and quantitative secondary analysis of 680 cases of alleged male-on-male CSA that occurred between the years 2017 and 2018 in the Caribbean Region of Colombia. We analyzed the contents of forensic interviews with the alleged victims, conducted by professionals working at the Colombian Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences. Our findings indicated a high prevalence of cases of alleged male-on-male CSA among young minors. Most of these cases were allegedly perpetrated by offenders known to the victim and involved high levels of violence. Evidence-based and culturally grounded preventative actions, such as training-based programs for teachers and parents among other public health initiatives are needed to address this type of CSA. Further research is also required to gain a more fine-grained understanding of the cultural and social context of CSA in the Caribbean Latin American countries.
Subject(s)
Child Abuse, Sexual/psychology , Criminals/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Caribbean Region , Child , Child Abuse, Sexual/ethnology , Child, Preschool , Colombia/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Social ProblemsABSTRACT
Technological advances in the information and knowledge society have influenced and transformed economic, social, and educational dynamics. Currently there are many digital gaps related to the access to technology, level of digital literacy, and social use. These gaps vary based on the age of the population and become more noticeable among elders. Digital illiteracy leads to the underusing of technological developments of the 21st century, making it difficult to take advantage of all the possibilities that they offer to our society. This study aims to analyze the level of penetration and use of handheld digital devices, especially the cellular phone, among the adult population. This study is based on the 2016 National Survey of Life Quality in Colombia, elaborated by Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística-DANE, specifically on the module of ownership and use of ICT goods. Results of four age groups are compared, which include 32 year olds or under, from ages 33 to 45 years, 46 to 59 years, and over 60 years. The sample consists of 37047 inhabitants of the Colombian territory, grouped by regions (Antioquia, Bogota, Caribbean, Eastern Central, Orinoquia, Amazonia, Pacific, San Andres, and Valle del Cauca). Data have been analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical procedures, contingency tables analyses, and logistic regression, in order to identify and know the effect of age on the level of penetration and use of handheld digital devices when comparing results in young adults and elderly people. Findings show that young adults use these technologies to a greater proportion when compared to older adults, showing a significant correlation between age and the increase of digital gaps in access and social use of handheld digital devices. Results also make evident that digital divide in Colombia may be associated to the place of residence, as people who live in rural zones are the ones who suffer greater from inequalities.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was the evaluation of an inter-cultural competence training program among first and sixth semester medical students at a university in Colombia. Materials and methods: This study utilized a quasi-experimental research design to evaluate an intercultural training program among 100 first and sixth semester medical students. Data were collected using the Intercultural Competency Scale and were analyzed using Wilcoxon Signal Range Test for related samples in SPSS version 21. Results: Significant differences were found in the areas of developing cultural sensitivity as well as developing understanding and respect for differences and diversity among first and six semester students in the experimental group. Conclusions: Findings suggest a strong need to incorporate intercultural training into the educational experience of medical students.
Resumen Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar un programa de capacitación en competencias interculturales entre estudiantes de medicina de primer y sexto semestre en una universidad de Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Este estudio utilizó un método de investigación cuasi-experimental para evaluar un programa de capacitación intercultural entre 100 estudiantes de primer y sexto semestre de medicina. Los datos se recolectaron utilizando la Escala de Competencia Intercultural y se analizaron utilizando la Prueba de Rango de Señales de Wilcoxón para muestras relacionadas en SPSS versión 21. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en las áreas de desarrollo de la sensibilidad cultural, así como en el desarrollo de la comprensión y el respeto por las diferencias y la diversidad entre los estudiantes de primer y sexto semestre en el grupo experimental. Conclusiónes: Los hallazgos sugieren una fuerte necesidad de incorporar el entrenamiento intercultural en la experiencia educativa de los estudiantes de medicina.
Resumo Objectivo: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar um programa de formação sobre competencias interculturais de estudantes de medicina do primeiro e sexto semestre numa universidade na Colõmbia. Materiais e métodos: Este estudo utilizou um método quase-experimental de pesquisa para avaliar um programa de formação intercultural entre os 100 caloiros e do sexto semestre de Medicina. Os dados foram recolhidos utilizando a Escala de Competencia Intercultural e foram analisados utilizando o Teste de Sinal de Wilcoxon para amostras em SPSS 21. Resultados: Foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas áreas de desenvolvimento da sensibilidade cultural, bem como o desenvolvimento da compreensáo e respeito pelas diferenças e diversidade entre estudantes caloiros e de sexto semestre do grupo experimental. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de incorporar a formação em experiencia educacional intercultural na formação de estudantes de Medicina.
Résumé Objectif: L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer un programme de formation en compétences interculturelles parmi les étudiants en médecine de premier et sixieme semestre d'une université colombienne. Matériel et méthodes: Une méthode de recherche quasi-expérimentale a été utilisée pour évaluer un programme de formation interculturelle avec 100 étudiants de premier et sixieme semestre de médecine. Les données ont été recueillies a l'aide de l'Échelle de Compétence Interculturelle et analysées a l'aide du test de rangs signés de Wilcoxon pour échantillons appariés avec la version SPSS 21. Résultats: Des différences significatives dans les domaines du développement de la sensibilité culturelle ont été trouvées, ainsi que dans le développement de la compréhension et le respect des différences et de la diversité entre les étudiants du premier et du sixieme semestre du groupe expérimental. Conclusions: Les résultats suggerent l'importante nécessité d'intégrer l'entrainement interculturel dans l'expérience éducative interculturelle des étudiants en médecine.
