ABSTRACT
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with/without dyslexia was investigated using a double dissociation design. Neuropsychological performance representing the core deficits of the two disorders was measured in order to test the common deficit hypothesis. Phonological short-term memory, morpho-syntactical language, and central executive processing (manipulating and switching) tasks were administered to four groups of 10-14 year old children (ADHD-only n = 20, dyslexia-only n = 20, ADHD+dyslexia n = 20, and controls n = 19). Comparisons of performance on these tasks were carried out using 2 (ADHD yes/no) x 2 (dyslexia yes/no) factorial analyses of variance and covariance. Significant main effects were found for dyslexia (language processing functions) and for ADHD (EF switching). In the case of the EF manipulating a main effect for both dyslexia and ADHD was revealed. Effect sizes of mean performance indicated that all three impaired groups shared a common deficit in working memory which could reflect a cognitive overlap partly explaining the high rate of co-occurring dyslexia and ADHD.
Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications , Dyslexia/complications , Memory, Short-Term/physiology , Phonetics , Problem Solving/physiology , Adolescent , Analysis of Variance , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Neuropsychological TestsSubject(s)
Calmodulin/metabolism , Epilepsy/genetics , Epilepsy/physiopathology , Mutation/genetics , Potassium Channels/genetics , Potassium Channels/metabolism , Calmodulin/genetics , DNA Mutational Analysis , Female , Genetic Testing , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/genetics , KCNQ2 Potassium Channel , Male , Pedigree , Potassium Channels/chemistry , Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated , Protein Binding , Seizures/genetics , Structure-Activity Relationship , Two-Hybrid System TechniquesABSTRACT
The growing acceptance of evidence-based decision-support systems in healthcare organizations has resulted in recognition of information accuracy as a key area of organizational management. In the United States, rigid data mandates related to information management have met with some resistance from healthcare provider groups, who have traditionally found little relevance between personalized healthcare practice and accurate information. Variation in management practice poses quality problems in such an environment, since it precludes comparisons across larger markets or areas, a critical component of evidence-based quality assessments. In this study, a national census of health information managers was employed to provide a benchmark of the degree of such variation, examining how proper billing compliance practices vary across organization types as well as market area indicators. Findings here suggest that managers continue to ignore, to some extent, regulatory compliance standards, despite nationwide laws that mandate adoption of uniform compliance practices and programmes. The level of adoption of compliance management in this study varied significantly across practice characteristics and areas, suggesting the existence of barriers to cross-market comparative performance assessment.
