ABSTRACT
This article provides a brief overview of the history of orthodontic practice and comments on the "era of limitations" that exemplified orthodontic thinking in the 1930s. In contrast, the Bioprogressive philosophy of orthodontic treatment which developed 2 decades later resulted from an attitude of academic and clinical freedom. The Bioprogressive philosophy brought many aspects of biology and function into the arena of orthodontic therapy. This technique does not follow a series of rigidly fixed treatment steps, but rather stresses a number of orthodontic principles that have stood the test of time. This article revisits and updates the Bioprogressive principles in line with the latest developments in biology and orthodontic materials.
Subject(s)
Orthodontics/methods , Adolescent , Age Factors , Cephalometry , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Orthodontic Appliances, Functional , Patient Care Planning , Philosophy, Dental , Tooth Movement Techniques/methods , Tooth RootABSTRACT
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) inhibits the lymphoproliferative responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) at 10-50 IU of hCG/ml (P less than 0.05). hCG inhibited poorly the response of PBM to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) at concentration up to 100 IU/ml. When monocytes were removed from the PBM population with columns of Sephadex G10 the inhibitory effect of hCG on PHA- and Con A-induced lymphoproliferation was reduced, with inhibition occurring only at a level of 100 IU of hCG/ml. These results suggest that hCG does not inhibit equally the proliferative response of all lymphocyte subsets and further that cells of the monocyte/macrophage series may play a role in its action on lymphocyte proliferation.
Subject(s)
Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology , Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects , Mitogens/pharmacology , Concanavalin A/pharmacology , Female , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Lymphocytes/classification , Male , Monocytes/immunology , Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology , Pokeweed Mitogens/pharmacology , Pregnancy , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Bronchoalveolar lavage demonstrated a flux of neutrophils into the lung of a patient with procainamide-induced lupus pulmonary disease. Serial lavage studies have shown persistent low-grade alveolitis despite the absence of clinical, serologic, and radiographic evidence of disease activity.
Subject(s)
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/chemically induced , Neutrophils/pathology , Pneumonia/chemically induced , Procainamide/adverse effects , Humans , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , Pneumonia/diagnosis , Pulmonary Alveoli/pathologySubject(s)
Esthetics , Face/anatomy & histology , Cephalometry , Facial Bones/anatomy & histology , Female , Humans , Male , Mathematics , Photography , Vertical DimensionSubject(s)
Beauty , Dental Occlusion , Esthetics , Face/anatomy & histology , Cephalometry , Dentition , Esthetics, Dental , Humans , Mathematics , Tooth/anatomy & histologySubject(s)
Cephalometry/instrumentation , Dental Occlusion , Face/anatomy & histology , Humans , Vertical DimensionSubject(s)
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/classification , Cephalometry , Humans , Malocclusion/complications , Radiography , Temporal Bone/pathology , Temporomandibular Joint/pathology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/diagnostic imaging , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/etiology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/pathologySubject(s)
Cephalometry/history , Adolescent , Cephalometry/methods , Child , Child, Preschool , Computers , Face/anatomy & histology , Female , Forecasting , Humans , Jaw/anatomy & histology , Male , Malocclusion/therapy , Maxillofacial Development , Orthodontics, Corrective , Tooth/anatomy & histologySubject(s)
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/classification , Humans , Mandibular Condyle/anatomy & histology , Radiography , Temporomandibular Joint/anatomy & histology , Temporomandibular Joint/diagnostic imaging , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/diagnostic imaging , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/pathologySubject(s)
Molar/surgery , Tooth Extraction , Tooth Germ/surgery , Cephalometry , Child , Dental Arch/anatomy & histology , Dental Arch/growth & development , Female , Humans , Laboratories, Dental , Male , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Mandible/growth & development , Mandible/surgery , Molar/diagnostic imaging , Molar/physiology , Odontogenesis , Probability , Prognosis , Radiography , Tooth Calcification , Tooth Eruption , Tooth Extraction/methods , Tooth, Impacted/prevention & controlABSTRACT
With the re-evaluation of the concept of the "line of occlusion" the author proposes a contemporary definition: "a distinctively individual line at the incisobuccal contact, with a location, position, and form to which the teeth must conform to be in normal occlusion." In other words, it is that position which the teeth must occupy to be in stability and harmony with each other and with all other anatomic structures.
