Integrative literature review of evidence-based guidelines on antiretroviral therapy adherence among adult persons living with HIV.

AIM: To summarize recommendations from available evidence-based guidelines that enhance, address or guide antiretroviral therapy adherence among adult persons living with human immunodeficiency virus. DESIGN: An integrative literature review approach. DATA SOURCE: Guidelines were accessed through Google from the databases of the Canadian Medical Association InfoBase clinical practice database, National Guidelines Clearinghouse, Writer's Guidelines database, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, UNICEF and WHO. Databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCOhost (CINAHL, ERIC, Academic search complete, E-journals, Psych Info and MEDLINE), EMERALD INSIGHT, JSTOR, SCIENCE DIRECT and FINDPLUS were also searched, followed by a citation search. Data sources were searched between 1996 and January 2022. REVIEW METHODS: The five steps of the integrative literature review process, as described by Whittemore and Knafl, were used. These steps are as follows: step one; problem identification, step two; literature search, step three; data evaluation; step four: data analysis and the final step was data presentation. RESULTS: Sixteen guidelines related to antiretroviral therapy adherence were included for data extraction and synthesis. The findings revealed two themes as follows: theme 1: monitoring antiretroviral therapy adherence and theme 2: interventions to promote antiretroviral therapy adherence related to education and counselling, adherence tools, health service delivery and antiretroviral strategies. CONCLUSION: Antiretroviral therapy adherence in adult persons requires both interventions as well as monitoring. The various contributing factors relating to antiretroviral therapy adherence should be further explored. IMPACT: Evidence from the included guidelines can assist nurses in promoting a person's adherence to antiretroviral treatment, which could improve their health and well-being.

Integrative literature review of evidence-based patient-centred care guidelines.

AIM: To summarize what facilitates patient-centred care for adult patients in acute healthcare settings from evidence-based patient-centred care guidelines. DESIGN: An integrative literature review. DATA SOURCES: The following data sources were searched between 2002-2020: Citation databases: CINAHL, Medline, Biomed Central, Academic Search Complete, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition and Google Scholar. Guideline databases: US National Guideline Clearinghouse, Guidelines International Network, and National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Websites of guideline developers: Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, Royal College of Nurses, Registered Nurses Association of Ontario, New Zealand Guidelines Group, National Health and Medical Research Council, and Canadian Medical Association. REVIEW METHODS: Whittemore and Knafl's five-step integrative literature review: (1) identification of research problem; (2) search of the literature; (3) evaluation of data; (4) analysis of data; and (5) presentation of results. RESULTS: Following critical appraisal, nine guidelines were included for data extraction and synthesis. The following three groups of factors were found to facilitate patient-centred care: 1) Patient care practices: embracing values foundational to patient-centred care, optimal communication in all aspects of care, rendering basic nursing care practices, and family involvement; 2) Educational factors: staff and patient education; and 3) Organizational and policy factors: organizational and managerial support, organizational champions, healthy work environment, and organizational structures promoting interdisciplinary partnership. CONCLUSION: Evidence from included guidelines can be used by nurses, with the required support and buy-in from management, to promote patient-centred care. IMPACT: Patient-centred care is essential for quality care. No other literature review has been conducted in the English language to summarize evidence-based patient-centred care guidelines. Patient care practices and educational, organizational, and policy factors promote patient-centred care to improve quality of care and raise levels of awareness of patient-centred care among nursing staff and patients.