Accessible Eco-Friendly Method for Wastewater Removal of the Azo Dye Reactive Black 5 by Reusable Protonated Chitosan-Deep Eutectic Solvent Beads.

A novel approach to enhance the utilization of low-cost and sustainable chitosan for wastewater remediation is presented in this investigation. The study centers around the modification of chitosan beads using a deep eutectic solvent composed of choline chloride and urea at a molar ratio of 1:2, followed by treatment with sulfuric acid using an impregnation accessible methodology. The effectiveness of the modified chitosan beads as an adsorbent was evaluated by studying the removal of the azo dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5) from aqueous solutions. Remarkably, the modified chitosan beads demonstrated a substantial increase in adsorption efficiency, achieving excellent removal of RB5 within the concentration range of 25-250 mg/L, ultimately leading to complete elimination. Several key parameters influencing the adsorption process were investigated, including initial RB5 concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, temperature, and pH. Quantitative analysis revealed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided the best fit for the experimental data at lower dye concentrations, while the intraparticle diffusion model showed superior performance at higher RB5 concentration ranges (150-250 mg/L). The experimental data were successfully explained by the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum adsorption capacities were found to be 116.78 mg/g at 298 K and 379.90 mg/g at 318 K. Desorption studies demonstrated that approximately 41.7% of the dye could be successfully desorbed in a single cycle. Moreover, the regenerated adsorbent exhibited highly efficient RB5 removal (80.0-87.6%) for at least five consecutive uses. The outstanding adsorption properties of the modified chitosan beads can be attributed to the increased porosity, surface area, and swelling behavior resulting from the acidic treatment in combination with the DES modification. These findings establish the modified chitosan beads as a stable, versatile, and reusable eco-friendly adsorbent with high potential for industrial implementation.

Reporte de la primera cadena de trasplante renal en México / First kidney domino transplant in Mexico

No disponible

[Integrated management of patients with schizophrenia: beyond psychotropic drugs]. / Manejo integral del paciente con esquizofrenia: más allá de los psicofármacos.

INTRODUCTION: Schizophrenia is a complex disease with severe functional repercussions; therefore it merits treatment which goes beyond drugs. THEME DEVELOPMENT: It requires an approach that considers a diathesis-stress process that includes rehabilitation, psychotherapeutic strategies for persistent cognitive, negative and psychotic symptoms, psychoeducation of patient and communities, community adaptation strategies, such as the introduction to the work force, and the community model, such as a change in the asylum paradigm. DISCUSSION: It is necessary to establish private and public initiatives for the integrated care of schizophrenia in the country, advocating the well-being of those with the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The integrated management of schizophrenic patients requires a global view of the patient and his/her disease, and its development is essential.

[Intervention of Schizophrenia From the Community Model]. / Intervención de la esquizofrenia desde el modelo comunitario.

INTRODUCTION: Schizophrenia is a complex disease for which pharmacological management is an insufficient therapeutic measure to ensure adaptation to the community and restoring the quality of life of the patient, with a multidimensional management and community interventions being necessary. METHODOLOGY: Case report. RESULTS: This case report illustrates a multidisciplinary treatment response, based on a community care model for mental health from Envigado, Colombia. DISCUSSION: The management of schizophrenia requires multimodal interventions that include community screening, psychoeducation of individuals, their families and society, addressing different areas of operation that allow adaptation of the subject to his social environment. CONCLUSIONS: A integrated intervention that can be provided on a Community scale, with the implementation of policies that allow it to be applied.

Intervención de la esquizofrenia desde el modelo comunitario / Intervention of Schizophrenia From the Community Model

Introducción: La esquizofrenia es una enfermedad compleja cuyo manejo farmacológico es una medida terapéutica insuficiente para garantizar la adaptación a la comunidad y el restablecimiento de la calidad de vida del paciente, por lo que es necesario un manejo multidimensional, propuesto por las intervenciones comunitarias. Metodología: reporte de caso. Resultados: Se trata de un caso clínico que ilustra la respuesta a un tratamiento multidisciplinario basado en el modelo comunitario de atención a la salud mental en Envigado, Colombia. Discusión: El manejo de la esquizofrenia exige intervenciones multimodales que incluyan la detección en comunidad, la psicoeducación de los individuos, sus familias y la sociedad, y el abordaje de distintas áreas de funcionamiento que permitan la adaptación del sujeto a su ambiente social. Conclusiones: Es necesaria una intervención integradora que el modelo comunitario puede proporcionar implementando políticas que permitan su aplicación.

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a complex disease for which pharmacological management is an insufficient therapeutic measure to ensure adaptation to the community and restoring the quality of life of the patient, with a multidimensional management and community interventions being necessary. Methodology: Case report. Results: This case report illustrates a multidisciplinary treatment response, based on a community care model for mental health from Envigado, Colombia. Discussion: The management of schizophrenia requires multimodal interventions that include community screening, psychoeducation of individuals, their families and society, addressing different areas of operation that allow adaptation of the subject to his social environment. Conclusions: A integrated intervention that can be provided on a Community scale, with the implementation of policies that allow it to be applied.

Metacommunity and phylogenetic structure determine wildlife and zoonotic infectious disease patterns in time and space.

The potential for disease transmission at the interface of wildlife, domestic animals and humans has become a major concern for public health and conservation biology. Research in this subject is commonly conducted at local scales while the regional context is neglected. We argue that prevalence of infection at local and regional levels is influenced by three mechanisms occurring at the landscape level in a metacommunity context. First, (1) dispersal, colonization, and extinction of pathogens, reservoir or vector hosts, and nonreservoir hosts, may be due to stochastic and niche-based processes, thus determining distribution of all species, and then their potential interactions, across local communities (metacommunity structure). Second, (2) anthropogenic processes may drive environmental filtering of hosts, nonhosts, and pathogens. Finally, (3) phylogenetic diversity relative to reservoir or vector host(s), within and between local communities may facilitate pathogen persistence and circulation. Using a metacommunity approach, public heath scientists may better evaluate the factors that predispose certain times and places for the origin and emergence of infectious diseases. The multidisciplinary approach we describe fits within a comprehensive One Health and Ecohealth framework addressing zoonotic infectious disease outbreaks and their relationship to their hosts, other animals, humans, and the environment.

Validación de la Lista de Chequeo de Psicopatía-Revisada (PCL-R) en población carcelaria masculina de Colombia * / Validation of the Psychopathy Check-List Revised (PCL-R) in Colombian Male Jail Inmates

Introducción: La psicopatía se caracteriza por un patrón permanente de déficit afectivo y falta de respeto por los derechos de los otros y las normas sociales. La Lista de Chequeo de Psicopatía Revisada (PCL-R, por su sigla en inglés) es un instrumento de medición compuesto por 20 ítems y es uno de los más utilizados para investigación en psicopatía y trastorno de la personalidad antisocial. Objetivo: Validar la PCL-R en población colombiana carcelaria de sexo masculino. Método: Se hicieron dos traducciones al español y dos traducciones en sentido inverso de cada uno de los ítems. También, una traducción al español y en sentido inverso del instructivo. La validez de apariencia fue evaluada por un grupo de expertos. Se examinó la validez de contenido, consistencia interna, reproducibilidad prueba-reprueba e interevaluador. Resultados: En el análisis factorial para la validez de contenido se encontraron 4 dominios que explican el 61,1% de la varianza. La consistencia interna de la escala fue alta (alfa de Cronbach=0,94), al igual que la reproducibilidad pruebareprueba (CCI=0,83, IC 95%: 0,68-0,91) e interevaluador (CCI=0,92, IC 95% 0,86-0,96). Conclusiones: La versión en español de la PCL-R para la población carcelaria colombiana de sexo masculino muestra buenas propiedades psicométricas.

Introduction: Psychopathy is characterized by a pattern of constant affective deficit and lack of respect for other people's rights and social norms. The Psychopathy Check-List Revised (PCL-R) is an instrument of measurement composed of 20 items and it is one of the most used in psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder research. Objective: To validate the PCL-R in Colombian male inmates. Methods: Two translations into Spanish and two back-translations for each of the items were done. The instruction manual was also translated into Spanish and back-translated. Face validity was assessed by a group of experts. Content validity was examined as well as internal consistency, test-retest and inter-rater reproducibility. Results: In the factor analysis for the content validity, four domains were found which explained 61.1% of the variance. The internal consistency was high (Cronbach's Alpha=0.94). Similarly, the test-retest and inter-rater reproducibility were ICC=0.83, 95% CI: 0.68-0.91 and ICC=0.83, 95% CI: 0.86-0.96, respectively. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the PCL-R for Colombian male jail inmates shows good psychometric properties.

Aspectos neurobiológicos de la psicopatía / Neurobiological aspects of psychopathy

La psicopatía es un constructo psiquiátrico caracterizado por un patrón permanente de déficit afectivo y una falta de respeto por los derechos de los demás y por las normas sociales. El término equivale al "trastorno de personalidad antisocial" DSM-IV-TR y al "Trastorno disocial de personalidad" de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE-10). Los individuos afectados comienzan a presentar características psicopáticas desde la niñez, son propensos a involucrarse en conductas criminales pero no a resocializarse con los programas penitenciarios, y reinciden con más rapidez, crueldad y violencia que los criminales no psicópatas. La etiopatogenia parece basarse en la interacción compleja de factores biológicos y psicosociales. El objetivo del presente artículo es presentar una revisión actualizada de los aspectos neurobiológicos de la psicopatía entre los cuales se encuentran los obstétricos, neuroanatómicos, neuroquímicos y genéticos.

Psychopathy is a psychiatric construct characterized by a permanent pattern of affective deficit, and a lack of respect for the rights of other people and the social norms. The term is equivalent to the "Antisocial personality disorder" of the DSMIV-TR, and to the "Dissocial personality disorder" of the CIE-10. Since childhood, the affected individuals begin to display psychopathic characteristics and they have tendency to become involved in criminal behaviors but not to resocialice themselves with penitentiary programs; they reoffend more rapidly, with more cruelty and violence than non-psychopathic criminals. Etiopathogenesis of psychopathy is based on the complex interaction of biological and psychosocial factors. The objective of the present article is to provide an updated review about the neurobiological aspects of psychopathy among them the obstetric, neuroanatomical, neurochemical and genetic

Uso de drogas entre estudiantes de Cali, Colombia / Drug use among students in Cali, Colombia

The use of alcohol, tobacco, marihuana, cocaine, and bazuco was examined in a cross-sectional study or a random sample of 512 secondary-school students enrolled in public and private schools in Cali, Colombia. The overall prevalence of use for any of these substances was 59.38 percent in the public schools and 36.96 percent in the private schools (z = 4.6, P 0.05). The probability of finding an alcohol user was about 55.26 percent. The frequency of use for all the substances was 18.9 percent in the public schools and 7.46 percent in the private ones. Experience with marihuana, cocaine and bazuco was more frequent in the public schools. The average ages of users (19.91 years) was higher than that of non-users, (16.25 years): t = 8.34, P 0.05. Students in the public schools with a family history of mental illness had almost a ninefold greater risk of being substance users (RR = 8.84, IC 95 percent = 1.22-3.37); among students in the private schools, having personal conflicts with authority figures (teachers and the police) was a significant risk factor (RR = 2.03, IC 95 percent = 1.22-3.37)

Uso de drogas entre estudiantes de Cali, Colombia / Drug use among students in Cali, Colombia

The use of alcohol, tobacco, marihuana, cocaine, and bazuco was examined in a cross-sectional study or a random sample of 512 secondary-school students enrolled in public and private schools in Cali, Colombia. The overall prevalence of use for any of these substances was 59.38 percent in the public schools and 36.96 percent in the private schools (z = 4.6, P 0.05). The probability of finding an alcohol user was about 55.26 percent. The frequency of use for all the substances was 18.9 percent in the public schools and 7.46 percent in the private ones. Experience with marihuana, cocaine and bazuco was more frequent in the public schools. The average ages of users (19.91 years) was higher than that of non-users, (16.25 years): t = 8.34, P 0.05. Students in the public schools with a family history of mental illness had almost a ninefold greater risk of being substance users (RR = 8.84, IC 95 percent = 1.22-3.37); among students in the private schools, having personal conflicts with authority figures (teachers and the police) was a significant risk factor (RR = 2.03, IC 95 percent = 1.22-3.37)

Este numero incluye el folleto Informacion a los autores e instrucciones para la presentacion de manuscritos