Coledocolitiasis y exploración laparoscópica dela vía biliar. Un estudio de cohorte / Choledocholithiasis and laparoscopic exploration of the bile duct. A cohort study

Introducción. La coledocolitiasis es la presencia de cálculos en las vías biliares. En la mayoría de los casos se trata mediante la colangio pancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica y menos comúnmente por intervención quirúrgica laparoscópica. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir una cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes sometidos a exploración laparoscópica de la vía biliar. Métodos. Se incluyeron pacientes intervenidos entre los años 2014 y 2018, en dos instituciones de nivel III en Cali, Colombia, referidos para valoración por cirugía hepatobiliar, por dificultad para la extracción de los cálculos por colangio pancreatografia retrograda endoscópica, debido al tamaño, la cantidad, o la dificultad para identificar o canular la papila duodenal. Resultados. De los 100 pacientes incluidos, se encontró que el 72 % fueron mujeres, con rango de edad entre 14 y 92 años. Al 39 % de los pacientes se les extrajo un solo cálculo y al 16 % 10 cálculos. Un 12 % presentaron cálculos gigantes (mayores de 2,5 cm de ancho) y un 44 % presentaron litiasis múltiple. Al 69 % de los pacientes se les realizó colecistectomía. El porcentaje de éxito de limpieza de la vía biliar por laparoscopia fue del 95 %.Discusión. La exploración laparoscópica de la vía biliar es una técnica posible, reproducible, segura y con excelentes resultados para el manejo de la coledocolitiasis

Introduction. Choledocholithiasis is the presence of stones in the bile ducts. In most cases it is treated by endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography and less commonly by laparoscopic surgery. The objective of this study was to describe a retrospective cohort of patients who underwent laparoscopic exploration of the bile duct.Methods. The study included patients operated between 2014 and 2018, in two level III institutions in Cali, Colombia, referred for evaluation for hepato-biliary surgery, due to difficulty in removing stones by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography cholangiography, due to the size, quantity, or difficulty of identifying or cannulating the duodenal papilla. Results. Out of the 100 patients included, it was found that 72% were women, with an age range between 14 and 92 years. A single stone was removed from 39% of patients and 10 stones from 16%; 12% had giant stones (greater than 2.5 cm wide), and 44% had multiple stones; 69% of the patients underwent cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic bile duct cleaning success rate was 95%. Discussion. Laparoscopic exploration of the bile duct is a possible, reproducible, and a safe technique with excellent results for the management of choledocholithiasis

[Orthotopic uterus transplantation. Sheep model experiment, Cali (Colombia)].

OBJECTIVE: It has been recommended that professionals who are planning to perform uterine transplantation should first carry out animal experiments. This paper describes the procedure for uterine transplant in sheep, as well as short and medium-term results. METHODS: Experimental surgery study in sheep subjected to uterine explantation and transplant. Four 40-50 kg sheep received uteri transplantation (orthotopic) from four live donors. End-to-side vascular anastomosis was used, the vagina was sutured on one plane and the uterus was fixed to the pelvic wall. Complications and 180-day evolution are described. RESULTS: Transplant surgery was accomplished in the 4 sheep. Surgical time in the first procedure was 240 minutes, while the last procedure lasted 185 minutes. Warm ischemia time was reduced from 42 to 22 minutes. One sheep died on the seventh postoperative day due to an intraoperative complication unrelated to the vascular anastomosis. A second sheep developed local vaginal infection treated with metronidazole and evolved satisfactorily. No transplant rejection had occurred in the remaining 3 sheep after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: The ovine model allowed surgical training in experimental uterine transplant surgery. For the authors, it offered an opportunity to gain knowledge and make progress towards future uterus transplantation in women with uterine factor infertility in Colombia.

TITULO: TRASPLANTE ORTOTÓPICO DE ÚTERO. EXPERIMENTO EN MODELO OVINO, CALI (COLOMBIA). OBJETIVO: Se ha recomendado a los profesionales que tengan como proyecto realizar trasplante uterino, hacer previamente trabajos experimentales en animales. Este trabajo describe el procedimiento del trasplante uterino en ovejas y los resultados a corto y mediano plazo. METODOS: Estudio de cirugía experimental en ovejas sometidas a explante y trasplante uterino. A cuatro ovejas de 40-50 kg de peso les fue trasplantado el útero (ortotópico) de cuatro ovejas vivas donantes. Se utilizó técnica de anastomosis vascular término-lateral, la vagina se suturó en un plano y el útero se fijó a la pared pélvica. Se describen las complicaciones y la evolución a 180 días. RESULTADOS: Se realizó la cirugía de trasplante en las cuatro ovejas. El tiempo quirúrgico fue de 240 minutos (min) en el primer procedimiento y de 185 min en el último, y el tiempo de isquemia caliente se redujo de 42 a 22 min. Una oveja murió al séptimo día posoperatorio por una complicación intraoperatoria ajena a las anastomosis vasculares. Otra oveja que fue trasplantada desarrolló infección-local vaginal manejada con metronidazol, con evolución satisfactoria. Las tres ovejas no habían presentado rechazo al trasplante a los 6 meses. CONCLUSIONES: El modelo ovino permite entrenamiento quirúrgico en cirugía experimental de trasplante uterino. Para los autores constituyó adquisición de conocimiento y avanzar hacia la realización futura del trasplante uterino en mujeres con Infertilidad absoluta por factor uterino en Colombia.

Orthotopic uterus transplantation. Sheep model experiment, Cali (Colombia) / Trasplante ortotópico de útero. Experimento en modelo ovino, Cali (Colombia)

RESUMEN Objetivo: se ha recomendado a los profesionales que tengan como proyecto realizar trasplante uterino, hacer previamente trabajos experimentales en animales. Este trabajo describe el procedimiento del trasplante uterino en ovejas y los resultados a corto y mediano plazo. Materiales y métodos: estudio de cirugía experimental en ovejas sometidas a explante y trasplante uterino. A cuatro ovejas de 40-50 kg de peso les fue trasplantado el útero (ortotópico) de cuatro ovejas vivas donantes. Se utilizó técnica de anastomosis vascular término-lateral, la vagina se suturó en un plano y el útero se fijó a la pared pélvica. Se describen las complicaciones y la evolución a 180 días Resultados: se realizó la cirugía de trasplante en las cuatro ovejas. El tiempo quirúrgico fue de 240 minutos (min) en el primer procedimiento y de 185 min en el último, y el tiempo de isquemia caliente se redujo de 42 a 22 min. Una oveja murió al séptimo día posoperatorio por una complicación intraoperatoria ajena a las anastomosis vasculares. Otra oveja que fue trasplantada desarrolló infección-local vaginal manejada con metronidazol, con evolución satisfactoria. Las tres ovejas no habían presentado rechazo al trasplante a los 6 meses. Conclusiones: el modelo ovino permite entrenamiento quirúrgico en cirugía experimental de trasplante uterino. Para los autores constituyó adquisición de conocimiento y avanzar hacia la realización futura del trasplante uterino en mujeres con Infertilidad absoluta por factor uterino en Colombia.

ABSTRACT Objective: It has been recommended that professionals who are planning to perform uterine transplantation should first carry out animal experiments. This paper describes the procedure for uterine transplant in sheep, as well as short and medium-term results. Materials and methods: Experimental surgery study in sheep subjected to uterine explantation and transplant. Four 40-50 kg sheep received uteri transplantation (orthotopic) from four live donors. End-to-side vascular anastomosis was used, the vagina was sutured on one plane and the uterus was fixed to the pelvic wall. Complications and 180-day evolution are described. Results: Transplant surgery was accomplished in the 4 sheep. Surgical time in the first procedure was 240 minutes, while the last procedure lasted 185 minutes. Warm ischemia time was reduced from 42 to 22 minutes. One sheep died on the seventh postoperative day due to an intraoperative complication unrelated to the vascular anastomosis. A second sheep developed local vaginal infection treated with metronidazole and evolved satisfactorily. No transplant rejection had occurred in the remaining 3 sheep after 6 months. Conclusions: The ovine model allowed surgical training in experimental uterine transplant surgery. For the authors, it offered an opportunity to gain knowledge and make progress towards future uterus transplantation in women with uterine factor infertility in Colombia.

Adult-to-adult living-donor liver transplantation: The experience of the Université catholique de Louvain.

BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation is the treatment for end-stage liver diseases and well-selected malignancies. The allograft shortage may be alleviated with living donation. The initial UCLouvain experience of adult living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is presented. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 64 adult-to-adult LDLTs performed at our institution between 1998 and 2016 was conducted. The median age of 29 (45.3%) females and 35 (54.7%) males was 50.2 years (interquartile range, IQR 32.9-57.5). Twenty-two (34.4%) recipients had no portal hypertension. Three (4.7%) patients had a benign and 33 (51.6%) a malignant tumor [19 (29.7%) hepatocellular cancer, 11 (17.2%) secondary cancer and one (1.6%) each hemangioendothelioma, hepatoblastoma and embryonal liver sarcoma]. Median donor and recipient follow-ups were 93 months (IQR 41-159) and 39 months (22-91), respectively. RESULTS: Right and left hemi-livers were implanted in 39 (60.9%) and 25 (39.1%) cases, respectively. Median weights of right- and left-liver were 810 g (IQR 730-940) and 454 g (IQR 394-534), respectively. Graft-to-recipient weight ratios (GRWRs) were 1.17% (right, IQR 0.98%-1.4%) and 0.77% (left, 0.59%-0.95%). One- and five-year patient survivals were 85% and 71% (right) vs. 84% and 58% (left), respectively. One- and five-year graft survivals were 74% and 61% (right) vs. 76% and 53% (left), respectively. The patient and graft survival of right and left grafts and of very small (<0.6%), small (0.6%-0.79%) and large (≥0.8%) GRWR were similar. Survival of very small grafts was 86% and 86% at 3- and 12-month. No donor died while five (7.8%) developed a Clavien-Dindo complication IIIa, IIIb or IV. Recipient morbidity consisted mainly of biliary and vascular complications; three (4.7%) recipients developed a small-for-size syndrome according to the Kyushu criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Adult-to-adult LDLT is a demanding procedure that widens therapeutic possibilities of many hepatobiliary diseases. The donor procedure can be done safely with low morbidity. The recipient operation carries a major morbidity indicating an important learning curve. Shifting the risk from the donor to the recipient, by moving from the larger right-liver to the smaller left-liver grafts, should be further explored as this policy makes donor hepatectomy safer and may stimulate the development of transplant oncology.

The Use of Autologous Peritoneum for Complete Caval Replacement Following Resection of Major Intra-abdominal Malignancies.

OBJECTIVE: Assessment of a simple layer peritoneal tube used as an autogenous inferior vena cava replacement. BACKGROUND: Extensive en-bloc multivisceral resection including major vessels is effective in selected abdominal malignancies, but the need for vascular reconstruction represents a surgical challenge. We describe the use of autologous peritoneum for caval replacement. METHODS: Autogenous parietal peritoneum without fascial backing was harvested and tubularized to replace the inferior vena cava (IVC) in four patients with complex abdominal tumors. Surgical morbidity was evaluated using the Clavien-Dindo classification, and graft patency was systematically evaluated with ultrasound. RESULTS: All four patients had multiorgan resections for malignancies involving the retro-hepatic IVC, and they all required the replacement of infrarenal and suprarenal IVC segments. Additionally, all four required a right nephrectomy, two had a combined major hepatectomy, and one patient needed a veno-venous bypass. All had an R0 resection. A clinical follow-up took place between 5 and 11 months after surgery for each patient. Four-month graft patency was confirmed by ultra-sound and TDM with no sign of disease recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Autologous peritoneum without fascial backing is a good and safe option for circumferential replacement of IVC after extensive en-bloc tumor resection with IVC involvement.