Orbitopatía tiroidea, una visión global con atención especial al papel de la radioterapia / Thyroid orbitopathy, an overview with special attention to the role of radiotherapy

La orbitopatía tiroidea es el síntoma no tiroideo más prevalente en el síndrome de Graves. Presenta una alta incidencia, afectando especialmente a mujeres jóvenes. Existe una clara relación causal con el tabaco, que se halla implicado tanto en su desarrollo como en su evolución y en la respuesta a los diferentes tratamientos. Se trata de un proceso autoinmune que suele evolucionar de manera benigna e independiente del hipertiroidismo, aunque cuando es grave y progresiva representa un gran reto terapéutico. Su evaluación clínica presenta grandes dificultades al no existir una escala de valoración realmente objetiva y representativa de la actividad de la enfermedad. En esta línea pueden ser útiles nuevos marcadores moleculares o de inflamación. En la presente revisión se describen nuevos hallazgos sobre su fisiopatología, así como las diferentes técnicas utilizadas para su tratamiento a lo largo del tiempo. La discusión se centra especialemente en el papel inmunomodulador de la radioterapia, así como en su papel junto con los corticoides

Thyroid orbitopathy is the most prevalent non-thyroid symptom in Graves’ syndrome. It has a high incidence and particularly affects young women. Smoking is clearly involved in its development and progress, and in its response to different treatments. This autoimmune condition usually has a benign course, independent from hyperthyroidism, but its severe, progressive forms represent a major therapeutic challenge. Clinical evaluation poses great difficulties, as there is no truly objective rating scale representing disease activity. New molecular or inflammation markers may prove to be useful in this regard. This review reports new findings about its pathophysiology and the different techniques used for treatment over time. Discussion particularly focuses on the immunomodulatory role of radiotherapy, as well as on its role together with corticosteroids

[Thyroid orbitopathy, an overview with special attention to the role of radiotherapy]. / Orbitopatía tiroidea, una visión global con atención especial al papel de la radioterapia.

Thyroid orbitopathy is the most prevalent non-thyroid symptom in Graves' syndrome. It has a high incidence and particularly affects young women. Smoking is clearly involved in its development and progress, and in its response to different treatments. This autoimmune condition usually has a benign course, independent from hyperthyroidism, but its severe, progressive forms represent a major therapeutic challenge. Clinical evaluation poses great difficulties, as there is no truly objective rating scale representing disease activity. New molecular or inflammation markers may prove to be useful in this regard. This review reports new findings about its pathophysiology and the different techniques used for treatment over time. Discussion particularly focuses on the immunomodulatory role of radiotherapy, as well as on its role together with corticosteroids.

Centralised treatment of soft tissue sarcomas in adults.

The clinical research developed in specialised centres and oncologic cooperative groups has permitted various scientific societies to collect recommendations used in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) and incorporate them into clinical practice guidelines (CPG). Some studies have been conducted in diverse healthcare ambits to assess the influence of CPG. This revision of the medical literature analyses the impact that healthcare management -centralised or otherwise- and clinical practice in conformity with CPG have on the clinical outcome variables of STS. Eight CPG have been identified, as well as 12 conformity studies or audits. These conformity studies and audits demonstrate that the grade of adaptation of medical interventions with CPG, medical healthcare in reference centres and procedures of referrals to these centres, as well as the process of organising healthcare teams into Sarcoma Committees, have a significant influence on clinical outcome. We can conclude that excellent healthcare of STS implies the adaptation of healthcare practice to CPG, the existence of Reference Centres guided by Sarcoma Committees, and the observance of strict referral procedures within the Healthcare Area.