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3.
Cureus ; 15(3): e36665, 2023 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37113344

ABSTRACT

A rare subtype of mycosis fungoides (MF) known as pityriasis lichenoides-like mycosis fungoides (PL-like MF) manifests as recurrent crops of erythematous scaly papules with the histological findings of MF. We report a 64-year-old male with recurrent crops of psoriasiform papules with mild scales on his trunk and extremities. Skin biopsy results were consistent with CD8+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Our patient had clinical features of pityriasis lichenoides and histological findings consistent with CD8+ MF. A differential diagnosis of PL, lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), and PL-like MF was considered. Counseling patients with CD8+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma can be challenging, as there is an aggressive variant named primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotropic CD8+ CTCL. However, with the ability to recognize PL-like MF, a rare indolent type of CD8+ CTCL, physicians can counsel patients appropriately.

4.
Am J Dermatopathol ; 37(11): 854-61, 2015 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26368646

ABSTRACT

Langerhans cell sarcoma is a very rare and aggressive tumor of Langerhans cell lineage, for which aberrant expression of T-cell-related antigens has not yet been reported in a primary skin tumor. The authors describe the first known case of a primary cutaneous Langerhans cell sarcoma with lineage infidelity and use comparative genomic hybridization to investigate the genetic composition of the tumor and detect DNA copy number alterations throughout its entire genome. The case involves a 62-year-old woman who presented with an irregular nodule on the forehead surrounded by smaller lesions in its vicinity. The clinical impression was melanoma with satellitosis. The biopsy specimen showed an epidermotropic tumor with moderate-to-marked cellular pleomorphism and significantly increased mitotic rate but no necrosis. The immunoprofile of the lesion was remarkable, as next to common Langerhans cell markers: Langerin, CD1a, S100, and CD4; it also exhibited an aberrant T-cell phenotype with the expression of CD2, CD3, and CD43. In addition, fascin and CD30 were also expressed, further exaggerating potential diagnostic pitfalls. Langerhans cell lineage was confirmed by the demonstration of characteristic Birbeck granules on electron microscopy. Whole genome analysis for copy number changes and loss of heterozygosity showed a complex karyotype with variable hyperdiploidy and numerous allelic imbalances. Significant findings included a homozygous deletion at 9p21 involving the CDKN2A and loss of heterozygosity at 17p involving TP53 gene, coupled with a TP53 missense mutation. Despite reexcision and multiagent systemic chemotherapy, the patient died of metastasis 2 years after diagnosis. This case is an outstanding example of lineage infidelity in a hematologic malignancy and the utilization of comparative genomic hybridization in characterizing its genetic abnormalities.


Subject(s)
Langerhans Cell Sarcoma/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Cell Lineage , Comparative Genomic Hybridization , Fatal Outcome , Female , Gene Dosage , Genes, p16 , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Langerhans Cell Sarcoma/genetics , Middle Aged , Skin Neoplasms/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
8.
Pediatr Dermatol ; 31(1): e18-9, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24015784

ABSTRACT

A 19-year-old girl presented with hemorrhagic acneiform lesions on the face for several months that was unresponsive to conventional acne treatment. A biopsy revealed a noninfectious suppurative granulomatous dermatitis with hemorrhage, possibly representing a ruptured folliculitis. A second biopsy revealed chronic granulomatous dermal inflammation and hemorrhage with foreign body giant cells non-infectious by stains. No vasculitis was noted in either biopsy. Later in her course she developed a severe sinusitis and eventually presented with severe fevers, rapid weight loss, sinusitis, and cough. Further workup produced the diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's granulomatosis). She rapidly improved with intravenous steroids and rituximab. To date, acneiform lesions have only been reported in young adult patients and may represent a clinical manifestation of granulomatosis with polyangiitis unique to this age group, as illustrated in our patient.


Subject(s)
Acne Vulgaris/complications , Facial Dermatoses/etiology , Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/etiology , Hemorrhage/etiology , Vasculitis/etiology , Acne Vulgaris/pathology , Acne Vulgaris/therapy , Age Factors , Age of Onset , Facial Dermatoses/pathology , Facial Dermatoses/therapy , Female , Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/pathology , Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/therapy , Hemorrhage/pathology , Hemorrhage/therapy , Humans , Vasculitis/pathology , Vasculitis/therapy , Young Adult
9.
J Drugs Dermatol ; 11(8): 950-4, 2012 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22859240

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Etanercept has been used to treat chronic plaque psoriasis. Previously reported data demonstrated that some patients experienced secondary failure and frequently rotational-switch therapy is used. The re-treatment with etanercept as part of the rotational therapy could be considered as another safe and efficient therapeutic approach. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of the re-treatment with etanercept in patients with a history of etanercept use with good response and secondary loss of efficacy. METHODS: This is an open label prospective study involving 20 patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, who had been initially treated with etanercept and were re-treated after a variable interval with 50 mg BIW for 12 weeks. RESULTS: At week 12 of etanercept re-treatment, 13 of 20 patients (65%) achieved a PGA score of 2 or less and 40% (8 of 20), achieved a PGA score of 0 to 1. Etanercept was well tolerated and no serious adverse events were reported. LIMITATIONS: Our study involved a small number of patients. Failure of etanercept was establish by patient's history. However we were able to correlate such failure from our medical records in 17 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Re-treatment with etanercept, after secondary loss of efficacy should be considered in patients with psoriasis if satisfactory therapy cannot be achieved with other therapeutic regimens.


Subject(s)
Immunoglobulin G/therapeutic use , Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use , Psoriasis/drug therapy , Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/therapeutic use , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Etanercept , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/adverse effects , Immunologic Factors/adverse effects , Male , Middle Aged , Retreatment , Treatment Outcome
11.
Dermatol Online J ; 17(5): 5, 2011 May 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21635827

ABSTRACT

Cutaneous fusariosis is an opportunistic mycosis in immunocompromised patients. We present a novel variation of an immunocompromised patient who developed fusariosis in a previously irradiated site. Irradiation led to atrophy, contraction, fibrosis, barrier disruption, and an altered dermal environment in which the infection developed. Significantly, this is the first case report of fusariosis in a previously irradiated site of an immunocompromised patient. Treatment included debridement and voriconazole.


Subject(s)
Dermatomycoses/etiology , Fusarium/isolation & purification , Leg Ulcer/etiology , Opportunistic Infections/etiology , Radiodermatitis/complications , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Adult , Combined Modality Therapy , Cyclosporine/adverse effects , Cyclosporine/therapeutic use , Debridement , Dermatomycoses/drug therapy , Dermatomycoses/microbiology , Dermatomycoses/surgery , Female , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Kidney Transplantation , Leg Ulcer/drug therapy , Leg Ulcer/microbiology , Leg Ulcer/surgery , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/radiotherapy , Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , Opportunistic Infections/surgery , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/microbiology , Prednisone/adverse effects , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Pyrimidines/therapeutic use , Skin Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Triazoles/therapeutic use , Voriconazole
12.
J Am Acad Dermatol ; 64(6): 1123.e1-12, 2011 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21571172

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) ulcers represent a major medical problem worldwide. Current theories concerning the pathogenesis of CVI ulcers focus on abnormalities in the blood vascular system. Other abnormalities, such as chronic leg edema, may also play pathogenic roles in CVI ulcer development and further understanding of such alterations may lead to better treatments. OBJECTIVE: To gain insight into lymphatic abnormalities occurring in CVI, we compared dermal lymphatics in histologic sections from CVI ulcers and normal controls. METHODS: We compared global and architectural features of dermal lymphatics in D2-40-stained histologic sections from CVI ulcer tissue and from normal controls. D2-40 recognizes podoplanin, a transmembrane glycoprotein that is constitutively expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells, allowing us to distinguish dermal blood vessels from lymphatic vessels. RESULTS: Our analyses reveal that CVI ulcer specimens have more dermal lymphatic vessels per unit area than controls (5.71 vs 4.08 per mm(2), respectively; P = .0281); a higher percentage of lymphatic vessels with collapsed lumina compared with controls (30.5% vs 8.1%, respectively; P < .0001); and a higher percentage of competent lymphatic vessels displaying open inter-endothelial junctions compared with controls (5.7% vs 2.9%, respectively; P < .0369). LIMITATIONS: Our study is limited by its retrospective nature and relatively small sample size. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphatic vessels in CVI ulcer specimens display global and architectural differences compared with lymphatic vessels in control specimens. These findings further implicate lymphatic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of CVI ulcers and allow for the formulation of a hypothesis concerning lymphatic changes that may be tested in future studies.


Subject(s)
Lymphatic Vessels/pathology , Skin/pathology , Varicose Ulcer/pathology , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived , Biomarkers, Tumor , Female , Humans , Lymphatic Vessels/physiopathology , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Varicose Ulcer/etiology , Varicose Ulcer/physiopathology , Venous Insufficiency/complications , Venous Insufficiency/physiopathology
14.
Am J Clin Dermatol ; 11 Suppl 1: 3-9, 2010.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20586498

ABSTRACT

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) plays a key pathophysiological role in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Recent interest has thus focused on the clinical potential of TNFalpha antagonists (e.g. etanercept) in these settings. In psoriasis, several large pooled analyses and well-designed clinical trials documented the significant clinical efficacy and generally favorable tolerability of etanercept for up to 96 weeks. Similarly, in PsA, a large phase III trial showed that, etanercept significantly reduced arthritic symptoms and inhibited radiographic disease progression; sustained clinical benefit was again evident for up to 2 years. Etanercept is at the forefront of psoriatic disease management, and continued evolution and evaluation of the compound - for example, in detailed comparative studies and economic analyses - is likely to confirm a key role for etanercept in the treatment of psoriasis and PsA.


Subject(s)
Arthritis, Psoriatic/drug therapy , Immunoglobulin G/therapeutic use , Psoriasis/drug therapy , Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/therapeutic use , Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects , Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacology , Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Psoriatic/physiopathology , Clinical Trials as Topic , Disease Progression , Etanercept , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/adverse effects , Immunoglobulin G/pharmacology , Psoriasis/physiopathology , Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
17.
Med Clin North Am ; 93(6): 1241-64, 2009 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19932329

ABSTRACT

Skin cancers may be derived from any part of the skin, and the classification of all variants is extensive. Overall they are the most common cancers of the body, and include those that are highly mortal and those that are associated with an increased morbidity. In this review the most common skin cancers confronted by the clinician and their management are discussed. New associations are highlighted, as well as new information that can help the clinician to better understand the pathogenesis of many of these entities.


Subject(s)
Skin Neoplasms , Humans , Melanoma/epidemiology , Melanoma/pathology , Melanoma/therapy , Neoplasm Metastasis , Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/therapy
19.
Am J Dermatopathol ; 31(6): 599-603, 2009 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19590411

ABSTRACT

We describe what we believe to be the seventh report of a combined tumor with histologic features of both malignant melanoma and a squamous cell carcinoma, a squamomelanocytic tumor. An 82-year-old woman presented with a nondescript, skin-colored, firm papule on her nose. Histology showed 2 different neoplastic cell proliferations: atypical squamoid cells and irregularly shaped nests of atypical pigmented epithelioid cells (melanocytes) arranged in small to large nests at the dermal-epidermal junction and within the epidermis. Both components were closely admixed and restricted to the epidermis. Immunohistochemistry showed diffuse cytoplasmic reactivity for pancytokeratin in all areas supporting the histopathologic features of a squamous cell carcinoma. S-100 and melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 did not stain these areas and showed strong selective positivity for the atypical melanocytic component. A true malignant proliferation of 2 distinct cell phenotypes due to close paracrine interactions is our favored interpretation because of the intimate admixture, distinct immunohistochemical pattern, and unique histologic features. Perhaps, chronic sun damage (facial location and advanced age) and reduced immunity (history of other malignancies, particularly recent history of a basal cell carcinoma) played a complementary role for the development of the squamomelanocytic tumor.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Melanoma/pathology , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Breast Neoplasms/complications , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Female , Humans , Hypertension/complications , Immunohistochemistry , Melanoma/metabolism , Melanoma/surgery , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/metabolism , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/surgery , Skin Neoplasms/metabolism , Skin Neoplasms/surgery
20.
Dermatol Surg ; 35(9): 1334-41, 2009 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19496791

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Biofilms are aggregations of microorganisms that have been identified as potential pathogens in the chronicity of nonhealing wounds. OBJECTIVE To develop an in vitro wound model to study biofilms using Graftskin, a tissue-engineered skin equivalent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Graftskin constructs were divided into sections, and wounds were created on each section. Bacterial suspensions with a concentration of 10(6) CFU/mL were prepared from cultures of pathogenic isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. A 25-microL aliquot of each suspension was deposited in the center of wounds created on the Graftskin. Sections were incubated at various time points, and a biopsy was then taken from the wounded and inoculated area. Sections were visualized with light (hematoxylin and eosin) and epifluorescent microscopy (calcofluor white and ethidium bromide). RESULTS Biofilm was observed on the wound model. Biofilm formation was dependent on time of Graftskin exposure to the bacteria. Biofilm was visualized in the S. aureus group at an earlier time point than in the P. aeruginosa group. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated biofilm formation in vitro using a wound model. This model may provide a basis on which future studies may explore therapeutic modalities to prevent and eradicate pathogenic bacterial biofilm. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.


Subject(s)
Biofilms/growth & development , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/physiology , Skin Transplantation/methods , Skin/cytology , Staphylococcus aureus/physiology , Tissue Engineering/statistics & numerical data , Wounds and Injuries/surgery , Dermoscopy , Fibroblasts/cytology , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Keratinocytes/cytology , Wound Healing/physiology
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