ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Despite numerous studies dealing with the question of a possible relation of visual problems and dyslexia, which is negated by most ophthalmologists, some opticians still favour the treatment of dyslexia by correction of the "Winkelfehlsichtigkeit" following MCH. Our aim was by also including the Pola test to check the usefulness of this treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a 2-year prospective study we examined the 4th grade elementary school students in our city who had dyslexia as an assured diagnosis (n = 21). The results were compared to those of an age-matched group without pathological findings regarding their reading and spelling ability (n = 21). Examinations included visual acuity, eye position by cover test, Maddox cylinder and Pola test for near distance, binocular vision (Bagolini and Worth test, Lang test I and II, Titmus test, amplitude of fusion), amplitude of accommodation, refraction in cycloplegia and organic status. RESULTS: A significant difference was found between the two groups regarding the amplitude of divergence in near (p = 0.009) and far distance (p = 0.019) which were both smaller for the dyslexia group, as well as the binocular near visual acuity (p = 0.04). Using the SAS procedure STEPDISC we discriminated the normal and dyslexia group by amplitude of divergence, near visual acuity and alternating near prism cover test with a sensitivity of 81 % and a specifity of 75 %. The results of the Pola test did not show any significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: No differences were found between the groups regarding the eye position. Therefore a treatment of dyslexia using prisms does not appear reasonable. However because of the group sizes the significance of the results is limited.
Subject(s)
Dyslexia/diagnosis , Strabismus/diagnosis , Vision, Binocular , Child , Dyslexia/epidemiology , Dyslexia/etiology , Early Diagnosis , Female , Humans , Male , Mass Screening , Reference Values , Refraction, Ocular , Risk Factors , Strabismus/epidemiology , Strabismus/etiology , Vision Tests , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
In the subject of this case report, a self-inflating hydrogel expander was implanted as a treatment for posttraumatic enophthalmos in a fully sighted eye. The intervention caused hypertropia with diplopia, restriction of eye movements, visual field defects, and colour desaturation as a result of excessive swelling of the expander. Once the expander volume was adjusted, clinical signs regressed, and the aesthetic results were excellent. Following the implantation of self-inflating orbit expanders, it is advisable to carry out immediate follow-up during the expander's swelling period, and long-term follow-up is also advised to rule out late sequelae, as a position-dependent secondary glaucoma could occur.
Subject(s)
Diplopia/etiology , Diplopia/prevention & control , Enophthalmos/therapy , Hydrogels , Oculomotor Nerve Diseases/etiology , Oculomotor Nerve Diseases/prevention & control , Orbital Implants/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In-vitro fertilization (IVF) is an established procedure frequently used for the treatment of infertility. However, the risk of twin or triplet pregnancies with premature birth and presumably also malformations is increased in IVF/ICSI pregnancies. Specific ophthalmological examinations so far were published by Anteby et al., who reported about an increased incidence of ocular malformations. METHODS: In a retrospective study we analysed the medical histories of 30 newborn and premature children born after IVF/ICSI (almost exclusive twin pregnancies) which were cared for in the department of neonatology and intensive care from 2002 to 2004 and had an ophthalmological examination. A follow-up control was carried out in 2005 to check the developmental status of the visual organ. RESULTS: Systemic malformations such as cardiovascular malformations of different severity and haemangioma were diagnosed in 6 children. Malformations of the visual organ were only found in one male infant (congenital glaucoma because of missing Schlemm canal). His twin sister had showed a cardiovascular malformation. The father of these children suffered from OAT (oligoasthenoteratozoospermia) syndrome with an inversion at chromosome 3. Retinopathia prämaturorum requiring treatment was not observed in any child. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancies following reproduction treatment are associated with a higher risk for malformations. Systematic ophthalmological examinations maybe considered in infants of IVF/ICSI pregnancies.
Subject(s)
Eye Abnormalities/diagnosis , Eye Abnormalities/etiology , Fertilization in Vitro/adverse effects , Neonatal Screening/methods , Risk Assessment/methods , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Reproducibility of Results , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Schnyder's crystalline corneal dystrophy (SCCD) is a rare autosomal dominant disease and can occur in association with hyperlipoproteinemia. The disease has been mapped to chromosome 1p34.1-p36. CASE REPORT: We report on a 66-year-old woman and her son with Schnyder's crystalline corneal dystrophy. The mother had type IV hyperlipoproteinemia and hypercholesterolemia while her son had hypercholesterolemia with elevated LDL-cholesterol. Analysis of microsatellite markers within the candidate interval of 1p34.1-p36 showed that the affected son and his unaffected brother had inherited different alleles only for the proximal marker D1S228 from their affected mother. CONCLUSIONS: The haplotype analysis suggests that either recombination has occurred, which would allow the candidate interval to be narrowed down, or alternatively, the SCCD in the reported family is not linked to chromosome 1, which would be a first indication of genetic heterogeneity in this disease. To reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia should always be excluded in patients with Schnyder's crystalline corneal dystrophy.
