Drugs in dental biofilm and enamel - A pilot study.

Objective: Enamel and dental biofilm might serve as alternative matrices for determination of illicit and medical drugs. Thus, this study aims at evaluating possible correlations between detected drug concentrations in the matrices and simulated drug use in situ. Design: Eleven subjects wore intraoral splints with embedded demineralized bovine enamel samples. Drug use was simulated by mouth rinsing with a 1.0 µg/ml drug solution three times daily for 1 min (study A) or by incubation of the splints in a 10 µg/ml drug solution once a day for 30 min (study B). Amphetamines, opiates, cocaine and benzoylecgonine were used as drugs. After 11 days, biofilm and enamel samples of the intraoral splints were analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry after drying and extraction via ultrasonication with acetonitrile (biofilm) or methanol (enamel). Results: In study A, median and mean drug concentration ± standard deviation were 1.3 pg/mg and 6.4 ± 11 pg/mg in biofilm and 0.2 pg/mg and 0.5 ± 0.9 pg/mg in enamel. In study B, median and mean drug concentration ± standard deviation were 350 pg/mg and 1100 ± 1600 pg/mg in biofilm and 5.8 pg/mg and 9.9 ± 10 pg/mg in enamel. Conclusions: Overall, there were considerable interindividual concentration differences. Correlations between concentrations in the two sample materials were shown. The results of this pilot study revealed a dependence of concentrations on intensity and duration of drug contact. Thus, important information on past drug use might be provided in forensic cases by analysis of dental biofilm and enamel.

Nine new species of Trigonopterus Fauvel (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from Sundaland.

The DNA of Trigonopterus specimens from the Sundaland region stored between ten and 32 years in museums could be used for next-generation sequencing. The availability of their cox1 sequence allowed the description of the following nine new species: Trigonopterusgrimmi sp. nov., T.johorensis sp. nov., T.lambirensis sp. nov., T.linauensis sp. nov., T.microreticulatus Riedel, Trnka & Wahab sp. nov., T.mulensis sp. nov., T.sarawakensis sp. nov., T.siamensis sp. nov., and T.singaporensis sp. nov. The alternative original spelling of the name T.tounensis Narakusumo & Riedel is chosen to prevail over T.tounaensis Narakusumo & Riedel. The new species represent the first country records of Trigonopterus for Brunei, Singapore, and Thailand. Thus, the genus´ known area of distribution in the Sundaland region is significantly extended. A key and a catalogue are provided to the Trigonopterus species from Borneo, W-Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand.

Twenty-eight new species of Trigonopterus Fauvel (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from Central Sulawesi.

Here we present 28 new species of Trigonopterus from Central Sulawesi, mostly from Mt Dako and Mt Pompangeo: Trigonopterusacutus sp. nov., T.ancora sp. nov., T.arcanus sp. nov., T.corona sp. nov., T.dakoensis sp. nov., T.daun sp. nov., T.ewok sp. nov., T.gundala sp. nov., T.hoppla sp. nov., T.kakimerah sp. nov., T.katopasensis sp. nov., T.matakensis sp. nov., T.moduai sp. nov., T.mons sp. nov., T.paramoduai sp. nov. T.pomberimbensis sp. nov., T.pompangeensis sp. nov., T.puspoi sp. nov., T.rosichoni sp. nov., T.rubidus sp. nov., T.sarinoi sp. nov., T.sutrisnoi sp. nov., T.tanah sp. nov., T.tejokusumoi sp. nov., T.toboliensis sp. nov., T.tolitoliensis sp. nov., T.tounaensis sp. nov., T.unyil sp. nov. This fills important areas of distribution and brings the number of Trigonopterus species recorded from Sulawesi to 132.

A beta-glucosidase of an insect herbivore determines both toxicity and deterrence of a dandelion defense metabolite.

Gut enzymes can metabolize plant defense compounds and thereby affect the growth and fitness of insect herbivores. Whether these enzymes also influence feeding preference is largely unknown. We studied the metabolization of taraxinic acid ß-D-glucopyranosyl ester (TA-G), a sesquiterpene lactone of the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) that deters its major root herbivore, the common cockchafer larva (Melolontha melolontha). We have demonstrated that TA-G is rapidly deglucosylated and conjugated to glutathione in the insect gut. A broad-spectrum M. melolontha ß-glucosidase, Mm_bGlc17, is sufficient and necessary for TA-G deglucosylation. Using cross-species RNA interference, we have shown that Mm_bGlc17 reduces TA-G toxicity. Furthermore, Mm_bGlc17 is required for the preference of M. melolontha larvae for TA-G-deficient plants. Thus, herbivore metabolism modulates both the toxicity and deterrence of a plant defense compound. Our work illustrates the multifaceted roles of insect digestive enzymes as mediators of plant-herbivore interactions.

Plants produce certain substances to fend off attackers like plant-feeding insects. To stop these compounds from damaging their own cells, plants often attach sugar molecules to them. When an insect tries to eat the plant, the plant removes the stabilizing sugar, 'activating' the compounds and making them toxic or foul-tasting. Curiously, some insects remove the sugar themselves, but it is unclear what consequences this has, especially for insect behavior. Dandelions, Taraxacum officinale, make high concentrations of a sugar-containing defense compound in their roots called taraxinic acid ß-D-glucopyranosyl ester, or TA-G for short. TA-G deters the larvae of the Maybug ­ a pest also known as the common cockchafer or the doodlebug ­ from eating dandelion roots. When Maybug larvae do eat TA-G, it is found in their systems without its sugar. However, it is unclear whether it is the plant or the larva that removes the sugar. A second open question is how the sugar removal process affects the behavior of the Maybug larvae. Using chemical analysis and genetic manipulation, Huber et al. investigated what happens when Maybug larvae eat TA-G. This revealed that the acidity levels in the larvae's digestive system deactivate the proteins from the dandelion that would normally remove the sugar from TA-G. However, rather than leaving the compound intact, larvae remove the sugar from TA-G themselves. They do this using a digestive enzyme, known as a beta-glucosidase, that cuts through sugar. Removing the sugar from TA-G made the compound less toxic, allowing the larvae to grow bigger, but it also increased TA-G's deterrent effects, making the larvae less likely to eat the roots. Any organism that eats plants, including humans, must deal with chemicals like TA-G in their food. Once inside the body, enzymes can change these chemicals, altering their effects. This happens with many medicines, too. In the future, it might be possible to design compounds that activate only in certain species, or under certain conditions. Further studies in different systems may aid the development of new methods of pest control, or new drug treatments.

Real-World Clinical Performance Evaluation of a Fourth-Generation HIV Antigen/Antibody Differentiation Test.

BACKGROUND: HIV testing is still an important component of routine sexual health screening, assessment of at-risk individuals and as part of the care of pregnant women. To prevent further transmission of infection, it is important that HIV tests are highly sensitive and that positive cases are not missed. HIV serologic antigen/antibody tests are commonly used as they are capable of detecting recent and established infection. METHODS: In this study we assessed the performance of the Elecsys HIV Duo assay (Elecsys assay) against the Abbott Architect assay in 10 121 samples from US and non-US adult, pediatric, and pregnant populations including low-risk, high-risk, and known positive cohorts. Congruent repeatedly reactive and/or discrepant samples followed a confirmatory algorithm consisting of an antigen/antibody differentiation assay and a nucleic acid test, as per the study protocol. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity of the Elecsys assay was 100.00% (95% CI 99.81-100.00 [1977/1977]), and the specificity was 99.84% (95% CI 99.73-99.91 [8129/8142]). The Elecsys assay detected all positive samples within the study, including all 50 antigen-only positive samples and samples from different HIV subtypes, including group O, group M subtypes, HIV-2 positives, and HIV-1 and HIV-2 dual positives. CONCLUSIONS: The Elecsys HIV Duo assay was highly sensitive for diagnosis of HIV in a range of clinical samples from the United States and outside the United States and is suitable for routine use.

Mitochondrial genomes of twelve species of hyperdiverse Trigonopterus weevils.

Mitochondrial genomes of twelve species of Trigonopterus weevils are presented, ten of them complete. We describe their gene order and molecular features and test their potential for reconstructing the phylogeny of this hyperdiverse genus comprising > 1,000 species. The complete mitochondrial genomes examined herein ranged from 16,501 bp to 21,007 bp in length, with an average AT content of 64.2% to 69.7%. Composition frequencies and skews were generally lower across species for atp6, cox1-3, and cob genes, while atp8 and genes coded on the minus strand showed much higher divergence at both nucleotide and amino acid levels. Most variation within genes was found at the codon level with high variation at third codon sites across species, and with lesser degree at the coding strand level. Two large non-coding regions were found, CR1 (between rrnS and trnI genes) and CR2 (between trnI and trnQ), but both with large variability in length; this peculiar structure of the non-coding region may be a derived character of Curculionoidea. The nad1 and cob genes exhibited an unusually high interspecific length variation of up to 24 bp near the 3' end. This pattern was probably caused by a single evolutionary event since both genes are only separated by trnS2 and length variation is extremely rare in mitochondrial protein coding genes. We inferred phylogenetic trees using protein coding gene sequences implementing both maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches, each for both nucleotide and amino acid sequences. While some clades could be retrieved from all reconstructions with high confidence, there were also a number of differences and relatively low support for some basal nodes. The best partition scheme of the 13 protein coding sequences obtained by IQTREE suggested that phylogenetic signal is more accurate by splitting sequence variation at the codon site level as well as coding strand, rather than at the gene level. This result corroborated the different patterns found in Trigonopterus regarding to A+T frequencies and AT and GC skews that also greatly diverge at the codon site and coding strand levels.

Development and Validation of the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoassay as a Highly Specific Tool for Determining Past Exposure to SARS-CoV-2.

The Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay (Roche Diagnostics) was developed to provide accurate, reliable detection of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We evaluated sensitivity, specificity, cross-reactivity, and agreement with a vesicular stomatitis virus-based pseudoneutralization assay for the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay. Sensitivity and agreement between Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay and pseudoneutralization assay measurements were evaluated using samples from patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, a majority of whom were hospitalized. Specificity was evaluated using samples from routine diagnostic testing/blood donors collected before December 2019 and thus deemed negative for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. Cross-reactivity was evaluated using samples containing a wide range of potentially cross-reacting analytes, purchased from commercial vendors. For sensitivity and specificity, point estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Agreement between the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay and the pseudoneutralization assay was calculated. The sensitivity of the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay in patients with prior PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was 99.5% (95% CI, 97.0 to 100.0%) at ≥14 days post-PCR confirmation. Overall specificity (n = 10,453) was 99.80% (95% CI, 99.69 to 99.88%). Only 4/792 samples containing potential cross-reacting analytes were reactive with the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay, resulting in an overall specificity in this cohort of 99.5% (95% CI, 98.6 to 99.9%). Positive, negative, and overall agreement (n = 46) between the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay and the pseudoneutralization assay were 86.4% (95% CI, 73.3 to 93.6%), 100% (95% CI, 34.2 to 100%), and 87.0% (95% CI, 74.3 to 93.9%), respectively. The Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay demonstrated high sensitivity (99.5% at ≥14 days post-PCR confirmation) and specificity (99.80%), supporting its use as a tool for identification of past SARS-CoV-2 infection, including use in populations with low disease prevalence.

Performance of an Automated Zika IgG Immunoassay in the Detection of Zika IgG Specific Antibodies-A Validation Approach in Samples from Prevalence Areas and Non-Endemic Countries.

The diagnosis of Zika virus infection is complicated and includes testing for nucleic acids and IgM and IgG antibodies, depending on the stage of infection. Zika IgG is an important marker of infection after the acute stage; however, IgG assays can lack specificity due to the similarities between Zika and other flaviviruses. In this study, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the Elecsys® Zika IgG assay were assessed in 496 samples from Zika endemic regions, and specificity only was assessed in 1685 blood screening and diagnostic samples from Zika non-endemic regions. Cross-reactivity was also assessed against a panel of 202 potentially cross-reacting samples. The performance of the Elecsys® Zika IgG assay was compared with the anti-Zika virus ELISA IgG. In the samples from the Zika endemic regions, the Elecsys® Zika IgG assay had 92.88% (95% confidence interval 89.42-95.48) sensitivity and 100% specificity and in the samples from Europe the Elecsys® Zika IgG assay specificity was ≥99.62%. The Elecsys® Zika IgG assay was highly specific in samples from both prevalent and non-endemic regions.

Seven new species of Trigonopterus Fauvel (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from the Tanimbar Archipelago.

Based on recent fieldwork, the hyperdiverse weevil genus Trigonopterus Fauvel is recorded for the first time from the Indonesian Tanimbar Archipelago, halfway between Australia and Western New Guinea. All seven species discovered on Tanimbar are new to science, and described here: Trigonopterus atuf sp. nov., T. kumbang sp. nov., T. laratensis sp. nov., T. porg sp. nov., T. selaruensis sp. nov., T. tanimbarensis sp. nov., and T. triradiatus sp. nov. The new species are authored by the taxonomists-in-charge, Raden Pramesa Narakusumo and Alexander Riedel. This fauna appears discordant and established by relatively recent dispersal from New Guinea and other Moluccan islands.

One hundred and three new species of Trigonopterus weevils from Sulawesi.

The genus Trigonopterus Fauvel, 1862 is highly diverse in Melanesia, the Moluccas, and the Sunda Islands. Only one species, Trigonopterusfulvicornis (Pascoe, 1885) was so far recorded from Sulawesi. Based on focused field-work the fauna from Sulawesi and nearby islands is here revised. We redescribe T.allotopus Riedel newly recorded for Sulawesi and describe an additional 103 new species: T.abnormis sp. n., T.adspersus sp. n., T.ambangensis sp. n., T.ampanensis sp. n., T.analis sp. n., T.arachnobas sp. n., T.armipes sp. n., T.artemis sp. n., T.asterix sp. n., T.barbipes sp. n., T.bonthainensis sp. n., T.carinirostris sp. n., T.castaneipennis sp. n., T.celebensis sp. n., T.cirripes sp. n., T.collaris sp. n., T.costatulus sp. n., T.curvipes sp. n., T.crenulatus sp. n., T.cricki sp. n., T.darwini sp. n., T.ejaculatorius sp. n., T.fuscipes sp. n., T.gracilipes sp. n., T.heberti sp. n., T.hirsutus sp. n., T.humilis sp. n., T.hypocrita sp. n., T.idefix sp. n., T.impressicollis sp. n., T.incendium sp. n., T.incognitus sp. n., T.indigenus sp. n., T.inhonestus sp. n., T.invalidus sp. n., T.jasminae sp. n., T.klabatensis sp. n., T.kolakensis sp. n., T.kotamobagensis sp. n., T.laevigatus sp. n., T.lampros sp. n., T.latipennis sp. n., T.lompobattangensis sp. n., T.luwukensis sp. n., T.mahawuensis sp. n., T.manadensis sp. n., T.mangkutanensis sp. n., T.matalibaruensis sp. n., T.mesai sp. n., T.minahassae sp. n., T.moatensis sp. n., T.modoindingensis sp. n., T.nanus sp. n., T.nitidulus sp. n., T.obelix sp. n., T.ovalipunctatus sp. n., T.ovatulus sp. n., T.pagaranganensis sp. n., T.palopensis sp. n., T.paracollaris sp. n., T.pauper sp. n., T.pendolensis sp. n., T.posoensis sp. n., T.prismae sp. n., T.procurtus sp. n., T.pseudallotopus sp. n., T.pseudanalis, sp. n., T.pseudovatulus sp. n., T.pseudovalipunctatus sp. n., T.pseudofulvicornis sp. n., T.pseudomanadensis sp. n., T.pseudosimulans sp. n., T.pumilus sp. n., T.rantepao sp. n., T.reticulatus sp. n., T.rhombiformis sp. n., T.rotundatus sp. n., T.rotundulus sp. n., T.rudis sp. n., T.rufipes sp. n., T.sampunensis sp. n., T.sampuragensis sp. n., T.satyrus sp. n., T.scabripes sp. n., T.scaphiformis sp. n., T.scitulus sp. n., T.selayarensis sp. n., T.serripes sp. n., T.seticnemis sp. n., T.silvicola sp. n., T.squalidulus sp. n., T.sulawesiensis sp. n., T.suturatus sp. n., T.tatorensis sp. n., T.tenuipes sp. n., T.tomohonensis sp. n., T.toraja sp. n., T.vicinus sp. n., T.viduus sp. n., T.volcanorum sp. n., T.wangiwangiensis sp. n., T.watsoni sp. n., and T.yoda sp. n. All new species are authored by the taxonomist-in-charge, Alexander Riedel.

Analytical and Clinical Performance Evaluation of the Elecsys HIV combi PT Assay on the cobas e 602 Analyzer for the Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the performance of the Elecsys HIV combi PT assay on the cobas e 602 analyzer for diagnosing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; part of the US Food and Drug Administration [FDA] submission). METHODS: The HIV combi PT and reference (ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo) assays were assessed at four independent clinical laboratories/one reference laboratory (United States; July 2014 to November 2015). Clinical performance was evaluated using four reagent lots. Analytical performance was evaluated per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute EP05-A3 guidelines. Serum/plasma samples from 18 clinical sites/vendors (United States and outside the United States) were tested. RESULTS: Sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI]) in HIV-1 antibody-positive individuals (United States and outside the United States; n = 1,460) was 100.00% (99.75%-100.00%). Specificity was 99.94% (95% CI, 99.85%-99.98%) in low-risk individuals (United States; n = 6,843), 98.19% (95% CI, 96.93%-99.04%) in high-risk individuals (United States and outside the United States; n = 758), and 97.43% (95% CI, 95.32%-98.76%) in pregnant women (United States and outside the United States; n = 440). Analytical performance was acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate the robustness of the FDA-approved Elecsys HIV combi PT assay on the cobas e 602 analyzer for HIV testing in the United States.

Correction: Ultraconserved elements (UCEs) resolve the phylogeny of Australasian smurf-weevils.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188044.].

Ultraconserved elements (UCEs) resolve the phylogeny of Australasian smurf-weevils.

Weevils (Curculionoidea) comprise one of the most diverse groups of organisms on earth. There is hardly a vascular plant or plant part without its own species of weevil feeding on it and weevil species diversity is greater than the number of fishes, birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals combined. Here, we employ ultraconserved elements (UCEs) designed for beetles and a novel partitioning strategy of loci to help resolve phylogenetic relationships within the radiation of Australasian smurf-weevils (Eupholini). Despite being emblematic of the New Guinea fauna, no previous phylogenetic studies have been conducted on the Eupholini. In addition to a comprehensive collection of fresh specimens, we supplement our taxon sampling with museum specimens, and this study is the first target enrichment phylogenomic dataset incorporating beetle specimens from museum collections. We use both concatenated and species tree analyses to examine the relationships and taxonomy of this group. For species tree analyses we present a novel partitioning strategy to better model the molecular evolutionary process in UCEs. We found that the current taxonomy is problematic, largely grouping species on the basis of similar color patterns. Finally, our results show that most loci required multiple partitions for nucleotide rate substitution, suggesting that single partitions may not be the optimal partitioning strategy to accommodate rate heterogeneity for UCE loci.

Transoceanic origin of microendemic and flightless New Caledonian weevils.

The origin of the astonishing New Caledonian biota continues to fuel a heated debate among advocates of a Gondwanan relict scenario and defenders of late oceanic dispersal. Here, we study the origin of New Caledonian Trigonopterus flightless weevils using a multimarker molecular phylogeny. We infer two independent clades of species found in the archipelago. Our dating estimates suggest a Late Miocene origin of both clades long after the re-emergence of New Caledonia about 37 Ma. The estimation of ancestral ranges supports an ancestral origin of the genus in a combined region encompassing Australia and New Guinea with subsequent colonizations of New Caledonia out of New Guinea in the mid-Miocene. The two New Caledonian lineages have had very different evolutionary trajectories. Colonizers belonging to a clade of foliage dwellers greatly diversified, whereas species inhabiting leaf-litter have been less successful.

A new species of Eupholus Boisduval from West New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

Eupholus Boisduval is outstanding among weevils for its large body size and splendid coloration. Nevertheless, some species have eluded discovery until recently. Here we describe E. marielaurae sp. n. from the Arfak Mountains of West New Guinea. We provide morphological and molecular characters to differentiate it from E. cuvierii (Guérin-Méneville).

Revision of the subgenus Niphetoscapha Heller of Gymnopholus Heller (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea, Entiminae, Eupholini) and a new species with epizoic symbiosis from West New Guinea.

The subgenus Niphetoscapha Heller 1914 of Gymnopholus Heller 1901 is revised. It is characterized by the morphology of the elytral apex and the asymmetrical tip of the penis. Vestigial wings and a fused elytral suture indicate flightlessness. Gymnopholus (Niphetoscapha) inexspectatus sp. n. is described as new, exhibiting a distinct epizoic symbiosis with algae otherwise known from the subgenus Symbiopholus Gressitt 1966. The four species of Niphetoscapha inhabit the central mountain range of West New Guinea: Gymnopholus audax Gressitt 1966, G. inexspectatus sp. n., G. nitidus Gressitt & Sedlacek 1967, and G. wichmanni (Heller, 1914). A lectotype is designated for the type-species, G. wichmanni. All species are described, a key is provided, and their distribution is mapped. A large gap separating the areas with records of Niphetoscapha and Symbiopholus is noted for Central New Guinea. The phylogenetic concept of Gymnopholus and its subgenera is briefly discussed.

The weevil genera Nyphaeba Pascoe and Pantiala Pascoe and the problems of an unstable nomenclature in orphaned taxa.

The genera Nyphaeba Pascoe and Pantiala Pascoe of Cryptorhynchinae are redescribed and revised. Lectotypes are designated for the names Nyphaeba monommoides Pascoe and Pantiala illusa Pascoe. This facilitates the description of Nyphaeba mimica sp. n. represented by two paralectotypes of Pantiala illusa. Both genera are excluded from the subtribe Tylodina Lacordaire based on their possession of wings and a distinct metanepisternum. The following new combination for a species originally described in Pantiala is proposed: Nyphaeba germari (Faust). A femora-abdominal stridulatory mechanism is observed for Nyphaeba. This case illustrates how nomenclatural problems evident from type material can persist in an understudied taxon for more than a century. Such problems severely affect modern research and databasing.

Four new species of Trigonopterus Fauvel from the island of New Britain (Coleoptera, Curculionidae).

The hyperdiverse genus Trigonopterus has its center of diversity in Melanesia, but only a single species is recorded from the Bismarck Archipelago to date. Here we describe four new species from the island of New Britain: Trigonopterus chewbacca sp. n., Trigonopterus obsidianus sp. n., Trigonopterus puncticollis sp. n. and Trigonopterus silaliensis sp. n. We provide cytochrome oxidase subunit I (cox1) sequences of the new species and a key to all five species known from the Bismarck Archipelago.

Revision of the Australian species of the weevil genus Trigonopterus Fauvel.

The Australian species of the genus Trigonopterus Fauvel are revised. Eight previously recognized species are redescribed and 24 additional new species are described: Trigonopterus allaetus Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus athertonensis Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus australinasutus Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus australis Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus bisignatus Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus bisinuatus Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus boolbunensis Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus cooktownensis Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus daintreensis Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus deplanatus Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus finniganensis Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus fraterculus Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus garradungensis Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus hasenpuschi Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus hartleyensis Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus kurandensis Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus lewisensis Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus montanus Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus monteithi Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus mossmanensis Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus oberprieleri Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus robertsi Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus terraereginae Riedel, sp. n., Trigonopterus yorkensis Riedel, sp. n.. All new species are authored by the taxonomist-in-charge, Alexander Riedel. Lectotypes are designated for the following names: Idotasia aequalis Pascoe, Idotasia albidosparsa Lea, Idotasia evanida Pascoe, Idotasia laeta Lea, Idotasia rostralis Lea, Idotasia sculptirostris Lea, Idotasia squamosa Lea. A new combination of the name Idotasia striatipennis Lea is proposed: Trigonopterus striatipennis (Lea), comb. n.. A key to the species is provided. Australian Trigonopterus occur in coastal Queensland, narrowly crossing into New South Wales. The southern parts of the range are inhabited by species found on foliage. A rich fauna of 19 edaphic species inhabiting the leaf litter of tropical forests is reported for the first time from the Australian Wet Tropics.

Macroevolution of hyperdiverse flightless beetles reflects the complex geological history of the Sunda Arc.

The Sunda Arc forms an almost continuous chain of islands and thus a potential dispersal corridor between mainland Southeast Asia and Melanesia. However, the Sunda Islands have rather different geological histories, which might have had an important impact on actual dispersal routes and community assembly. Here, we reveal the biogeographical history of hyperdiverse and flightless Trigonopterus weevils. Different approaches to ancestral area reconstruction suggest a complex east to west range expansion. Out of New Guinea, Trigonopterus repeatedly reached the Moluccas and Sulawesi transgressing Lydekker's Line. Sulawesi repeatedly acted as colonization hub for different segments of the Sunda Arc. West Java, East Java and Bali are recognized as distinct biogeographic areas. The timing and diversification of species largely coincides with the geological chronology of island emergence. Colonization was not inhibited by traditional biogeographical boundaries such as Wallace's Line. Rather, colonization patterns support distance dependent dispersal and island age limiting dispersal.