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2.
Pediatr Pulmonol ; 55(6): 1388-1393, 2020 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32176841

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Small-colony variants (SCVs) are a morphologic subtype of Staphylococcus aureus that may occur through several mechanisms including auxotrophism for thymidine, hemin, or menadione. Auxotrophic SCV for thymidine fail to synthesize DNA specifically because of mutations in the thymidylate synthase gene. We isolated S. aureus thymidine-dependent SCVs (TD-SCV) from blood and respiratory samples of a pediatric patient with cystic fibrosis and pulmonary exacerbation. METHODS: Nutritional dependence of SCVs on hemin, menadione, and thymidine was evaluated. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed through broth microdilution. Polymerase chain reaction was carried out for mecA, ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, and msrB resistance genes. DNA sequencing was used to determine mutations in thyA and the multilocus sequence typing to identify genetic relatedness. RESULTS: Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus with normal and TD-SCV phenotypes were isolated from respiratory samples and a TD-SCV phenotype was isolated from blood culture. Macrolides resistance was attributed to ermC and msrB genes. All isolates belonged to ST398. The thyA gene in S. aureus is 957 nucleotides in length and encodes a protein of 318 amino acids. The TD-SCV isolates carried a -2 nt frameshift mutation (delta 667GC668) in thyA, creating a stop codon at residue 222 close to the predicted binding site for deoxyuridine monophosphate. CONCLUSIONS: The pathogenesis of SCVs is complex and not fully elucidated. Factors inherent to the patient such as physiological conditions, recurrent infections, or coinfection should be considered. Although SCVs are considered less virulent, they showed the ability to invade and cause bacteremia in the patient.


Subject(s)
Bacteremia/microbiology , Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/genetics , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics , Genes, Bacterial , Genetic Variation , Hemin , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Mutation , Phenotype , Thymidine , Vitamin K 3
3.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 4(1): 3-34, jan.mar.2020. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1381780

ABSTRACT

Asma grave é a asma que requer tratamento com altas doses de corticosteroide inalado associado a um segundo medicamento de controle (e/ou corticosteroide sistêmico) para impedir que se torne "descontrolada" ou permaneça "descontrolada" apesar do tratamento. Asma grave é considerada um subtipo de asma de difícil tratamento. A prevalência em crianças evidenciada pelo International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood variou entre 3,8% e 6,9%. Existem diversos instrumentos para avaliação subjetiva, como diários de sintomas e questionários, bem como para avaliação objetiva com função pulmonar e avaliação da inflamação por escarro induzido, ou óxido nítrico exalado. A abordagem terapêutica varia desde doses altas de corticosteroide inalado e/ou oral, broncodilatadores de longa duração, antaganonistas de receptores muscarínicos, até os mais recentes imunobiológicos que bloqueiam a IgE ou IL-5.


Severe asthma is asthma that requires treatment with high doses of inhaled corticosteroids in combination with a second control drug (and/or a systemic corticosteroid) to prevent it from becoming "uncontrolled" or remaining "uncontrolled" despite treatment. Severe asthma is considered a difficult-to-treat asthma subtype. The prevalence in children found by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood ranged from 3.8% to 6.9%. There are several instruments for subjective assessment, such as symptom diaries and questionnaires, as well as for objective assessment, including pulmonary function testing and evaluation of inflammation by induced sputum or exhaled nitric oxide. The therapeutic approach includes high doses of inhaled and/or oral corticosteroids, long-acting bronchodilators, muscarinic receptor antagonists, and the latest biologics that block IgE or IL-5.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Pediatrics , Asthma , Societies, Medical , Bronchodilator Agents , Immunoglobulin E , Interleukin-5 , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Respiratory Therapy , Signs and Symptoms , Sinusitis , Sputum , Therapeutics , Vocal Cords , Nebulizers and Vaporizers , Influenza Vaccines , Prevalence , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Pneumococcal Vaccines , Diagnosis, Differential , Allergy and Immunology , Rhinitis, Allergic , Omalizumab , Nitric Oxide , Obesity
7.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 23(24): 25180-25190, 2016 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27680005

ABSTRACT

Serpentine and amphibole asbestos occur naturally in certain geologic settings worldwide, most commonly in association with ultramafic rocks, along associated faults. Ultramafic rocks have been used in Piên County, Southern Brazil for decades for the purpose of road paving in rural and urban areas, but without the awareness of their adverse environmental and health impact. The aim of this study was the chemical characterization of aerosols re-suspended in two rural roads of Piên, paved with ultramafic rocks and to estimate the pulmonary deposition of asbestos aerosols. Bulk aerosol samples were analyzed by means of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and X-ray diffraction analysis, in order to characterize elemental composition and crystallinity. Single-particle compositions of aerosols were analyzed by computer-controlled electron-probe microanalysis, indicating the presence of a few percentages of serpentine and amphibole. Given the chemical composition and size distribution of aerosol particles, the deposition efficiency of chrysotile, a sub-group of serpentine, in two principal segments of the human respiratory system was estimated using a lung deposition model. As an important finding, almost half of the inhaled particles were calculated to be deposited in the respiratory system. Asbestos depositions were significant (∼25 %) in the lower airways, even though the selected breathing conditions (rest situation, nose breathing) implied the lowest rate of respiratory deposition. Considering the fraction of inhalable suspended chrysotile near local roads, and the long-term exposure of humans to these aerosols, chrysotile may represent a hazard, regarding more frequent development of lung cancer in the population of the exposed region.


Subject(s)
Asbestos, Amphibole/analysis , Asbestos, Serpentine/analysis , Aerosols , Asbestos, Amphibole/pharmacokinetics , Asbestos, Amphibole/toxicity , Asbestos, Serpentine/pharmacokinetics , Asbestos, Serpentine/toxicity , Brazil , Humans , Inhalation Exposure , Lung Neoplasms , Models, Biological , Respiratory System/metabolism , Risk Assessment
8.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 90(2): 176-180, Mar-Apr/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-709812

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: this study aimed to prepare a silkworm moth (Bombyx mori) antigenic extract and to perform skin prick tests with this extract in patients with allergic respiratory diseases; to evaluate serum specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) to Bombyx mori using ImmunoCAP(r) system and to report the frequency of positivity between the two methods and with clinical data. METHODS: this was a cross-sectional study with 99 children and adolescents diagnosed with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis, who had skin reactivity to at least one of the six aeroallergens tested. Clinical data were evaluated: skin prick tests with Bombyx mori in-house extract, and total and specific IgE analysis using ImmunoCAP(r) were performed. RESULTS: the frequency of Bombyx mori specific IgE was found to be 52.5% and 60% using the skin prick test and ImmunoCAP(r), respectively. An association between a positive skin test for Bombyx mori and the presence of allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria was observed, but the same was not true for asthma or allergic conjunctivitis. There was no relation with the severity of asthma or rhinitis symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: a high frequency of sensitization to Bombyx mori was observed in a selected population of patients with respiratory allergic diseases in the city of Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil. The extract prepared from the wings of this moth species is effective in demonstrating this sensitivity. .


OBJETIVO: preparar extrato antigênico da mariposa do bicho-da-seda (Bombyx mori) e realizar testes cutâneos com esse extrato em pacientes com doenças respiratórias alérgicas, avaliar IgE sérica específica para Bombyx mori usando o sistema ImmunoCAP(r) e comparar a frequência de positividade entre os dois métodos e com dados clínicos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 99 crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico de asma e/ou rinite alérgica, que apresentaram reação cutânea a pelo menos um dos seis aeroalérgenos testados. Os dados clínicos foram avaliados; testes cutâneos com extrato de Bombyx mori e análise de IgE total e específica por ImmunoCAP(r) foram realizados. RESULTADOS: a frequência de IgE específica para Bombyx mori foi de 52,5% e 60%, respectivamente, pelo teste cutâneo e ImmunoCAP(r). Foi observada uma associação entre o teste cutâneo positivo para Bombyx mori e a presença de rinite alérgica, dermatite atópica e urticária, mas o mesmo não ocorreu para a asma ou conjuntivite alérgica. Não houve relação com a gravidade dos sintomas de asma ou rinite. CONCLUSÕES: alta frequência de sensibilização à Bombyx mori foi encontrada em uma população selecionada de pacientes com doenças alérgicas respiratórias na cidade de Curitiba, estado do Paraná, Brasil. O extrato preparado a partir das asas dessa espécie de mariposa é eficaz em demonstrar essa sensibilidade. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Animals , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Allergens/immunology , Asthma/immunology , Bombyx/immunology , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology , Asthma/epidemiology , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Moths/immunology , Rhinitis, Allergic , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/epidemiology , Skin Tests/methods
9.
J Pediatr (Rio J) ; 90(2): 176-81, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24361294

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: this study aimed to prepare a silkworm moth (Bombyx mori) antigenic extract and to perform skin prick tests with this extract in patients with allergic respiratory diseases; to evaluate serum specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) to Bombyx mori using ImmunoCAP® system and to report the frequency of positivity between the two methods and with clinical data. METHODS: this was a cross-sectional study with 99 children and adolescents diagnosed with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis, who had skin reactivity to at least one of the six aeroallergens tested. Clinical data were evaluated: skin prick tests with Bombyx mori in-house extract, and total and specific IgE analysis using ImmunoCAP® were performed. RESULTS: the frequency of Bombyx mori specific IgE was found to be 52.5% and 60% using the skin prick test and ImmunoCAP®, respectively. An association between a positive skin test for Bombyx mori and the presence of allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria was observed, but the same was not true for asthma or allergic conjunctivitis. There was no relation with the severity of asthma or rhinitis symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: a high frequency of sensitization to Bombyx mori was observed in a selected population of patients with respiratory allergic diseases in the city of Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil. The extract prepared from the wings of this moth species is effective in demonstrating this sensitivity.


Subject(s)
Allergens/immunology , Asthma/immunology , Bombyx/immunology , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology , Adolescent , Animals , Asthma/epidemiology , Brazil , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Male , Moths/immunology , Rhinitis, Allergic , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/epidemiology , Skin Tests/methods
10.
Rev. bras. alergia imunopatol ; 31(3): 119-122, maio-jun. 2008. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-496537

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi identificar a relação entre o uso de corticosteróide inalatório e o crescimento linear de asmáticos pré-púberes. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de uma amostra selecionada por conveniência, constituída por pacientes pré-púberes ( dez anos de idade) com diagnóstico de asma e tratados com corticosteróide inalatório. As medidas da estatura foram avaliadas pelo escore de desvio-padrão da estatura (H505) em três ocasiões diferentes. Para análise estatística utilizaram-se os testes de ANOVA. Resultados: A média de idade dos 22 pacientes (14 do sexo masculino) foi de 7,7 anos na primeira consulta. A maior parte dos pacientes apresentava asma leve (dez casos) e mode-rada (dez) e apenas dois pacientes tinham asma de intensidade grave. O tempo médio decorrido entre as três ocasiões em que os pacientes foram avaliados foi de doze meses. Dezessete pacientes (77,2%) utilizavam corticosteróide inalatório em doses baixas (até 500 mcg/dia de beclometasona ou doses equivalentes de outros corticosteróides inalatórios). A mediana do escore H5D5 obtido na primeira, segunda e terceira consultas foi respectivamente de 0,35; 0,25 e 0,20 respectivamente (p =0, 284). Conclusões: Neste grupo de asmáticos pré-púberes a média de H505 mostrou que, independente da dose de corticosteróide inalatório utilizada, os pacientes mantiveram seu canal de crescimento.


Introduction: The aim of this study was to verify the rE tion between pre-pubertal asthmatics linear growth and use of inhaled corticosteroids. Methods: Pre-pubertal asthmatic patients (~ 10 years c under inhaled corticosteroids were included. The height mea re was determined by height standard deviation score (H5[ in three d ifferent occasions. Data were analysed by ANC tests. Results: The mean age of the 22 subjects (14 males) inc ded was 7,7 years at first visito The majority of the patie had mild asthma (10 cases) and moderate (10), and only ~ them had severe asthma. The mean time between the th occasions when the subjects were analyzed was 12 mont 5eventeen subjects (77,2%) were under low doses of inha corticosteroid (~500 mcg/day beclomethasone or equival dose of different inhaled steroid). The median H505 at fi second and third visits was respectively 0,35; 0,25 and O (p=0,284). Conclusions: ln this group of asthmatics the H5D5 rru showed that, regardless the inhaled corticosteroid dose, th was no influence on linear growth.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Asthma/diagnosis , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Medical Records/statistics & numerical data , Data Interpretation, Statistical
11.
Rev. bras. alergia imunopatol ; 31(1): 42-45, jan.-fev. 2008. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-481347

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Relatar um caso de enfisema lobar congênito (ELC) em um lactente sibilante diagnosticado como asmático, e chamar atenção para o diagnóstico diferencial de sibilância re¬corrente em lactentes. Descrição: Menino com diagnóstico de asma (sibilância recorrente) desde os cinco meses foi internado aos 16 meses de idade por insuficiência respiratória aguda e submetido à drenagem torácica após diagnóstico de pneumotórax. Após a remoção do dreno, a criança permaneceu sintomática e foi encaminhada a um centro terciário para investigação diagnóstica. As radiografias de tórax e tomografia computadorizada do tórax demonstraram lobo superior esquerdo grande, hiperlucente, com desvio do mediastino para o lado oposto. Broncoscopia foi indicada para afastar a presença de corpo estranho. Foi realizada lobectomia e a análise microscópica do tecido pulmonar confirmou o diagnóstico de enfisema lobar congênito. Dois meses após a cirurgia, a criança encontrava-se assintomática. Comentários: Sibilância é um sintoma comum na infância e queixa freqüente no consultório de pediatras e especialistas. Em geral está associada à hiper-responsividade brônquica, mas pode estar presente em qualquer situação que leve ao estreitamento das vias aéreas. O diagnóstico diferencial nestas crianças é essencial para o tratamento adequado da causa da sibilância.


Objective: To report a case of congenitallobar emphysema in a wheezing infant diagnosed with asthma and emphasizing the differential diagnosis of recurrent wheezing in infants. Description: A boy diagnosed with asthma (recurrent wheezing) since age of 5 months was admitted at 16 months of age in an emergency service with acute respiratory failure. Pneumothorax was diagnosed and draining thoracic tube was introduced. After its removal he remained symptomatic and for this reason, he was referred to a specialty care center for a complete diagnosis workup. Chest radiograph and thoracic computed tomography demonstrated a large hiperlucent left upper lobe with shift of the mediastinum away from the emphysematous side. Bronchoscopy was indicated to rule out the possibility of a foreign body aspiration. Lobectomy was performed and the microscopic examination of the lung tissue confirmed the diagnosis of congenital lobar emphysema. Two months after surgery, the child was asymptomatic...


Subject(s)
Male , Infant , Asthma , Bronchoscopy , Pulmonary Emphysema , Respiratory Tract Infections , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Methods , Methods
12.
Rev. bras. alergia imunopatol ; 31(1): 31-34, jan.-fev. 2008. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-481346

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: A disponibilidade de medicamentos inalatórios é um fator limitante no tratamento da asma em crianças de famílias com baixa renda. Um programa de saúde foi implantado em Curitiba com uma política agressiva para prover acesso gratuito ao tratamento da asma. O objeto deste estudo é comparar o tratamento antes e após quatro anos da implantação deste programa. Métodos. revisão de fichas de primeira consulta de 831 pacientes com idades entre dois meses e 18 anos (media 4,5 anos) com asma persistente conforme o GINA, fazendo acompanhamento ambulatorial em serviço especializado no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2004. Os resultados foram comparados a valores obtidos de 712 pacientes assistidos no mesmo serviço em 1998. Resultados: na primeira consulta 6,4 por cento relataram estar usando corticóide inalatório (CI). A freqüência de asma persistente leve foi 38,5 por cento, moderada 54,4 por cento e grave 7,1 por cento. Rinite alérgica foi observada em 80 por cento dos pacientes (p<0,005). Nesta observação, 95 por cento dos pacientes receberam CI, 4,2 por cento prednisona oral, 18 por cento teofilina e 6 por cento 132 agonistas de longa duração. Na analise prévia, 82 por cento dos pacientes recebiam teofilina e 28 por cento CI. Conclusão: os objetivos dos protocolos para o tratamento da asma podem ser alcançados se houver recursos disponíveis. Educação em asma, treinamento dos profissionais de saúde e acesso a medicação da maneira como a que propõe este programa de saúde, pode mudar drasticamente o manejo da asma em crianças.


Introduction: affordability of inhaled medication is a limiting factor to adequate treatment of asthma in low-income children. A programme was implemented in Curitiba with an aggressive policy to provide free access to asthma medication. The aim of this study was to compare asthma management before and four years after starting this programme. Methods: data on first visit prescriptions were collected through a chart review of 831 patients aged 2 ms. to 18 YS. (mean 4.5 ys.) with persistent asthma according to GINA criteria, attending a specialty out patient university c1inic between January to December 2004. Results were compared with those obtained from 712 patients attending the same c1inic in 1998...


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Asthma , Rhinitis , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Methods , Drug Prescriptions
13.
Rev. bras. alergia imunopatol ; 30(1): 27-31, jan.-fev. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-476803

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a relação entre gravidade da asma e valores de espirometria em crianças e adolescentes asmáticos. Método: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo com pacientes asmáticos submetidos a espirometria, em aparelho Collins GS 4G PFr, de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pelas Diretrizes para Teste de Função Pulmonar (2002). A partir de dados de anamnese e exame físico foi determinada a classificação clínica da asma (GINA 1995). Os dados foram analisados por meio de teste ANOVA paramétrico e não paramétrico. Resultados: Umtotal de 234 pacientes foi incluído no estudo, com mediana de idade de 10,3 anos (5 a 18 anos), 142 pacientes (60) eram do sexo masculino. A asma foi classificada como de leve intensidade em 114 pacientes (48,7...


Subject(s)
Male , Child , Adolescent , Asthma , Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , Medical History Taking , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Breath Tests , Methods , Skin Tests , Spirometry
14.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 82(5): 377-382, Sept.-Oct. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-438356

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar prospectivamente a colonização bacteriana de pacientes com fibrose cística identificados por triagem neonatal. Avaliar a suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos e caracterizar molecularmente as cepas de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas da orofaringe dos pacientes no período do estudo. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 25 pacientes com fibrose cística, identificados por tripsina imunorreativa e com diagnóstico confirmado por duas ou mais provas de suor, atendidos regularmente no ambulatório de fibrose cística do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná. Foram coletadas amostras de orofaringe com swab e cultivadas por métodos rotineiros; as colônias bacterianas foram identificadas fenotipicamente e testadas quanto à suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos. Os isolados de S. aureus foram submetidos a tipagem molecular por eletroforese em campo pulsado. RESULTADOS: De um total de 234 amostras de orofaringe, S. aureus foi isolado em maior número (76 por cento dos pacientes, 42 por cento das amostras), seguido de Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36 por cento dos pacientes, 16 por cento das amostras) e Haemophilus spp. (76 por cento dos pacientes; 19 por cento das amostras). Dos 19 pacientes colonizados com S. aureus, foram obtidos 73 isolados, 18 oxacilina-resistentes (24,6 por cento), isolados de dois pacientes, com perfis eletroforéticos idênticos ao do clone brasileiro. Os demais isolados oxacilina-sensíveis distribuíram-se entre 18 perfis eletroforéticos distintos. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se uma maior prevalência de S. aureus, com isolamento mais precoce em relação aos outros patógenos pesquisados. Os isolados multissensíveis distribuíram-se em clones distintos, caracterizando a não transmissibilidade entre as cepas comunitárias. Os S. aureus resistentes a oxacilina isolados apresentaram perfis eletroforéticos idênticos, provavelmente adquiridos no ambiente hospitalar. P. aeruginosa foi pouco freqüente na população estudada.


OBJECTIVES: To assess bacterial colonization prospectively in patients with cystic fibrosis identified by neonatal screening. To assess susceptibility to antimicrobials and to perform the molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the oropharynx of patients during the study. METHODS: Twenty-five cystic fibrosis patients receiving regular treatment at the Cystic Fibrosis Outpatient Clinic of Hospital de Clínicas of Universidade Federal do Paraná Brazil, were included in the study. All patients were identified by trypsin-like immunoreactivity and their diagnosis was confirmed by two or more sweat tests. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected and cultured according to routine methods; bacterial colonies were phenotypically identified and their susceptibility to antimicrobials was tested. S. aureus isolates were submitted to molecular typing using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: Out of 234 oropharyngeal swabs, S. aureus was the most frequently isolated strain (76 percent of patients, 42 percent of swabs), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36 percent of patients, 16 percent of swabs) and Haemophilus spp. (76 percent of patients; 19 percent of swabs). Seventy-three isolates were obtained from 19 patients colonized with S. aureus, of which 18 were oxacillin-resistant (24.6 percent), isolated from two patients, with the same electrophoretic profiles as that of the Brazilian clone. The remaining oxacillin-sensitive isolates were distributed into 18 electrophoretic profiles. CONCLUSION: There was higher prevalence of S. aureus, with earlier isolation than other pathogens. Multi-sensitive isolates were distributed into different clones, characterizing non-transmissibility among community-acquired strains. The isolated oxacillin-resistant S. aureus showed identical electrophoretic profiles, probably acquired in hospital. P. aeruginosa was not so frequent in the studied population.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology , Oxacillin/therapeutic use , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Brazil/epidemiology , Colony Count, Microbial , Cystic Fibrosis/epidemiology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Methicillin Resistance/drug effects , Neonatal Screening , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/transmission , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects
15.
J Pediatr (Rio J) ; 82(5): 377-82, 2006.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17003938

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To assess bacterial colonization prospectively in patients with cystic fibrosis identified by neonatal screening. To assess susceptibility to antimicrobials and to perform the molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the oropharynx of patients during the study. METHODS: Twenty-five cystic fibrosis patients receiving regular treatment at the Cystic Fibrosis Outpatient Clinic of Hospital de Clínicas of Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil, were included in the study. All patients were identified by trypsin-like immunoreactivity and their diagnosis was confirmed by two or more sweat tests. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected and cultured according to routine methods; bacterial colonies were phenotypically identified and their susceptibility to antimicrobials was tested. S. aureus isolates were submitted to molecular typing using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: Out of 234 oropharyngeal swabs, S. aureus was the most frequently isolated strain (76% of patients, 42% of swabs), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36% of patients, 16% of swabs) and Haemophilus spp. (76% of patients; 19% of swabs). Seventy-three isolates were obtained from 19 patients colonized with S. aureus, of which 18 were oxacillin-resistant (24.6%), isolated from two patients, with the same electrophoretic profiles as that of the Brazilian clone. The remaining oxacillin-sensitive isolates were distributed into 18 electrophoretic profiles. CONCLUSION: There was higher prevalence of S. aureus, with earlier isolation than other pathogens. Multi-sensitive isolates were distributed into different clones, characterizing non-transmissibility among community-acquired strains. The isolated oxacillin-resistant S. aureus showed identical electrophoretic profiles, probably acquired in hospital. P. aeruginosa was not so frequent in the studied population.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology , Oxacillin/therapeutic use , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Animals , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Brazil/epidemiology , Colony Count, Microbial , Cystic Fibrosis/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Methicillin Resistance/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Neonatal Screening , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/transmission , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects
16.
J Pediatr (Rio J) ; 81(3): 240-4, 2005.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15951909

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To present and analyze the results of the National Neonatal Cystic Fibrosis Screening Program in Paraná, 30 months after its implementation. METHODS: This is a descriptive study, with an analysis of the data from the screening of around 98% of all neonates in the period from September 2001 to April 2004, undertaken at the Neonatal Screening Program laboratory of the Fundação Ecumênica de Proteção ao Excepcional do Paraná. Blood samples for the Guthrie test were collected on hospital discharge, ideally between the second and sixth days postpartum, and filter papers were sent for immunoreactive trypsin assay by the immunofluorometric method. Children whose immunoreactive trypsin assay results were > or = 70 ng/ml for two distinct samples during the first 30 days of life, were referred for sweat conductivity testing by the Wescor method. In cases when the result was greater than 50 mMol/l quantitative chlorine and/or sodium in sweat was assayed (iontophoresis with pilocarpine). RESULTS: From a total of 456,982 tests, 4,028 (0.9%) children presented a first immunoreactive trypsin assay above the cutoff point set. Four hundred and seventy-eight of these (12.5%) also had a second blood sample assayed with immunoreactive trypsin above 70 ng/ml and 56 (11.7%) of these were referred to specialized clinics after their sweat conductivity test results were above 50 mMol/l and 48 (0.01% of the total number of children screened) had a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis confirmed. The incidence for the state of Paraná was 1:9,520, although some children have not yet been fully investigated. CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis in the State of Paraná, in accordance with Health Ministry directives, was a pioneering initiative for Brazil. Many patients were diagnosed early, even asymptomatic ones, which is a challenge to improving prognosis with this fatal disease.


Subject(s)
Cystic Fibrosis/diagnosis , Neonatal Screening/methods , Trypsin/blood , Biomarkers/analysis , Brazil/epidemiology , Cystic Fibrosis/epidemiology , Female , Fluoroimmunoassay , Humans , Incidence , Infant, Newborn , Male , National Health Programs , Neonatal Screening/standards , Program Evaluation , Sodium Chloride/analysis , Sweat/chemistry
17.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 81(3): 240-244, maio-jun. 2005.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-406677

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Apresentar e analisar os resultados da implantação do Programa Nacional de Triagem Neonatal em Fibrose Cística, no Paraná, após 30 meses do seu início. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo com análise dos dados da triagem feita em aproximadamente 98 por cento dos recém-nascidos entre setembro de 2001 e abril de 2004 no laboratório do Serviço de Triagem Neonatal da Fundação Ecumênica de Proteção ao Excepcional do Paraná. As amostras de sangue para o "teste do pezinho" foram coletadas na alta hospitalar, idealmente entre o segundo e sexto dias de vida, com o envio dos papéis-filtro para a dosagem de tripsina imunorreativa por imunofluorimetria. Crianças com valores da dosagem de tripsina imunorreativa > 70 ng/ml em duas amostras distintas, nos primeiros 30 dias de vida, foram submetidas à determinação da condutividade do suor pelo método de Wescor. Com o resultado maior que 50 mMol/l procedeu-se à dosagem quantitativa de cloro e/ou sódio no suor (iontoforese por pilocarpina). RESULTADOS: De 456.982 exames realizados, 4.028 (0,9 por cento) crianças apresentaram a primeira dosagem de tripsina imunorreativa acima do ponto de corte estabelecido. Dessas, 478 (12,5 por cento) tiveram uma segunda amostra de sangue com dosagem de tripsina imunorreativa acima de 70 ng/ml, das quais, após a realização do teste de suor por condutividade, 56 (11,7 por cento) crianças foram encaminhadas para ambulatórios especializados com resultado acima de 50 mMol/l e 48 (0,01 por cento do total de triagens) tiveram o diagnóstico de fibrose cística confirmado. A incidência foi de 1:9.520 em nosso estado, embora algumas crianças ainda não tenham completado a investigação. CONCLUSÕES: A triagem neonatal para fibrose cística no estado do Paraná, de acordo com as normas do Ministério da Saúde, foi uma iniciativa pioneira no Brasil. Realizou-se o diagnóstico precocemente em muitos pacientes, mesmo os assintomáticos, fato que representa um desafio à melhora no prognóstico dessa doença fatal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Cystic Fibrosis/diagnosis , Neonatal Screening/methods , Trypsin/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Cystic Fibrosis/epidemiology , Fluoroimmunoassay , Incidence , National Health Programs , Neonatal Screening/standards , Program Evaluation , Sodium Chloride/analysis , Sweat/chemistry
18.
J Pediatr (Rio J) ; 80(2): 106-12, 2004.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15079179

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of a single dose of inhaled budesonide as compared to oral prednisone in patients with acute asthma. METHODS: Randomized double-blind, double-dummy and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Forty-nine children aged 2 to 7 years with acute asthma were randomized in three groups after receiving nebulized salbutamol (0.15 mg/kg). Group I received placebo both as tablets and nebulization, group II was treated with a single dose of oral prednisone (1 mg/kg) and inhaled placebo, and group III received a single dose of placebo tablet and nebulized budesonide (2 mg). Patients were evaluated in terms of symptom score and transcutaneous hemoglobin saturation. Nebulized salbutamol was repeated in case of increasing symptom score or lower saturation. RESULTS: Progressive clinical improvement was observed in all three groups. However, a significant increase in hemoglobin saturation was observed after 2 hours with prednisone, 4 hours with budesonide, and 24 hours with placebo. CONCLUSION: A combination of single-dose nebulized budesonide and salbutamol may be as effective as oral prednisone to improve symptom severity, but the latter increases hemoglobin saturation in exacerbation of asthma.


Subject(s)
Albuterol/therapeutic use , Asthma/drug therapy , Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use , Budesonide/therapeutic use , Acute Disease , Albuterol/administration & dosage , Analysis of Variance , Bronchodilator Agents/administration & dosage , Budesonide/administration & dosage , Child , Child, Preschool , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Male , Nebulizers and Vaporizers , Placebo Effect , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
19.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 80(2): 106-112, mar.-abr. 2004. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-360811

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia de budesonida na forma de suspensão, em dose única para inalação, como tratamento adjunto ao b2 inalatório, comparada com dose única de prednisona por via oral, em pacientes com crise aguda de asma. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo, randômico, paralelo, duplo-cego, duplo-placebo. Foram selecionadas 49 crianças, com idade entre 2 e 7 anos, em crise aguda de asma, que, após inalação com salbutamol (0,15 mg/kg), foram divididas em três grupos. O grupo I foi tratado com placebo via oral e inalatório; o grupo II, com prednisona via oral (1 mg/kg) e placebo inalatório; e o grupo III, budesonida inalatória (2 mg) e placebo via oral. As avaliações foram realizadas pela aplicação de um escore clínico e medida da saturação transcutânea da hemoglobina, seqüencialmente até 72 horas. Caso o escore clínico fosse igual ou superior ao da avaliação inicial, e a saturação inferior à primeira avaliação, a inalação com b2 adrenérgico era repetida. RESULTADOS: A melhora do escore clínico foi progressiva a partir de 30 minutos, e não houve diferença significativa nos três grupos estudados. Ocorreu aumento significativo da saturação da hemoglobina em relação ao valor inicial, com 2 horas no grupo prednisona, 4 horas no grupo budesonida e 24 horas no grupo placebo. CONCLUSAO: O número de inalações com broncodilatador foi semelhante nos três grupos, com uma média de 2,9 no grupo placebo; 2,7 no grupo prednisona; e 2,5 no grupo budesonida. Em geral, as drogas estudadas foram bem toleradas, com efeitos colaterais semelhantes ao placebo. A administração de dose única de budesonida inalatória associada ao salbutamol, na crise moderada de asma, promoveu melhora clínica comparável à da prednisona oral. A recuperação da saturação transcutânea da hemoglobina foi mais rápida com prednisona.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Albuterol/therapeutic use , Asthma/drug therapy , Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use , Budesonide/therapeutic use , Acute Disease , Analysis of Variance , Albuterol/administration & dosage , Bronchodilator Agents/administration & dosage , Budesonide/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Nebulizers and Vaporizers , Placebo Effect , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
20.
Rev. bras. alergia imunopatol ; 26(1): 12-16, jan.-fev. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-421643

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Os testes cutâneos são o principal método clínico para avaliação das reações mediadas por anticorpos IgE. A técnica percutânea é a mais empre-gada. O objetivo deste estudo é comparar as reações cutâneas à histamina obtidas pela puntura com agulha e com dispositivo puntor descartáveis.Métodos e Resultados: Foram realizados testes por puntura em 50 adultos saudáveis (17M:33F) com solução glicerinada de histamina 10 mg/mL na face volar do antebraço. Três observadores diferentes executaram o teste com puntor descartável. Um deles, além do puntor fez o teste com agulha descartável 13x4,5. O diâmetro das pápulas e eritemas foram medidos com régua milimetrada transparente. O coeficiente de variação dos diâmetros das pápulas com o puntor foi menor que os dos eritemas. Não houve diferença significativa entre as reações observadas com agulha ou puntor.Conclusão: Ambos os dispositivos são confiáveis na execução de testes alérgicos por puntura. No entanto, podem ocorrer variações significativas em um mesmo paciente, nos resultados obtidos por diferentes investigadores mesmo já familiarizados com o método.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Antibodies , Histamine , Immune System Diseases , Methods , Skin Tests
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