ABSTRACT
Animal disease models have been criticized for lack of resemblance to human illnesses, hampering transfer of knowledge from preclinical research to clinical medicine. In the field of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), it is standard practice to study GVHD in lethal TBI-based murine models. Frequently, MHC-mismatched donors are used in GVHD models. In contrast, in clinical allo-HSCT conditioning with chemotherapy (+/-TBI) is common and donors are often MHC-matched. Aiming at a more clinically oriented situation, we established and characterized a murine MHC-matched, minor histocompatibility antigen mismatched GVHD model (LP/J [H2k(b)]-->C57BL/6 [H2k(b)]) using busulfan and cyclophosphamide conditioning. We found typical clinical and histological features of acute GVHD. T-cell infiltration, GVHD-specific damage and systemic inflammation were similar to observations made in patients after allo-HSCT. In survivors of acute GVHD, we found expansion of CD4+ T cells and the development of scleroderma-like chronic GVHD. The use of chemotherapy-based, minor histocompatibility antigen (miHA)-mismatched GVHD animal models may be a good option when studying clinically relevant questions in the field of allo-HSCT.
Subject(s)
Busulfan/pharmacology , Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology , Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Histocompatibility Antigens , Transplantation Conditioning/methods , Acute Disease , Allografts , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Humans , Male , MiceABSTRACT
Painful acute pancreatitis masking pancreatic carcinoma and painless acute pancreatitis with shock or coma as leading symptoms have been described before. We report a first case of almost-painless pancreatitis mimicking pancreatic carcinoma with spontaneous normalization of symptoms and biochemical as well as imaging procedure findings.
Subject(s)
Pain , Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Pancreatitis/diagnosis , Acute Disease , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Male , Pancreatitis/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
We report a patient with chronic nausea as the leading symptom of a primary carcinoma of the duodenum located at the flexura duodeno-jejunalis. The tumour was not reached at gastroscopy, which was performed twice. Since this area usually cannot be seen upon gastroscopy or upon small bowel enteroclysma according to Sellink, a double-contrast investigation of the upper gastrointestinal tract using a hypotonic agent should be performed when nausea persists although gastroscopy is normal.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/complications , Duodenal Neoplasms/complications , Duodenal Obstruction/complications , Gastroscopy , Nausea/etiology , Adenocarcinoma/diagnostic imaging , Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Butylscopolammonium Bromide , Duodenal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Duodenal Neoplasms/surgery , Duodenal Obstruction/diagnostic imaging , Duodenal Obstruction/surgery , Humans , Intestinal Polyps/complications , Intestinal Polyps/diagnostic imaging , Intestinal Polyps/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Nausea/diagnostic imaging , Nausea/surgery , Neoplasms, Second Primary/complications , Neoplasms, Second Primary/diagnostic imaging , Neoplasms, Second Primary/surgery , RadiographyABSTRACT
Recently, a high incidence of hepatic hematomas following percutaneous liver biopsy was reported. This induced us to undertake this prospective ultrasound examination before, as well as 2 and 24 h after, percutaneous liver biopsy, using a Menghini needle (O 1.4 mm), in 93 patients for diagnostic purposes. Two hours after biopsy a small subcapsular fluid margin was found in one patient (1.1%) which disappeared within 24 h. We conclude that hepatic hematomas are not frequent following percutaneous liver biopsy and that it remains a safe diagnostic procedure to find out the reason for chronically elevated liver enzymes and evaluate suspected diffuse parenchymal lesions of the liver.
Subject(s)
Biopsy, Needle/adverse effects , Hematoma/diagnosis , Liver Diseases/diagnosis , Liver/pathology , Ultrasonography , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Biopsy, Needle/instrumentation , Female , Humans , Incidence , Liver Diseases/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Pain Measurement , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Pulmonary alterations after shock and sepsis, described clinically as shock lung or adult respiratory distress syndrome, are of great importance in intensive care. Pathogenetically an alteration of the surfactant system of the lung is often discussed. Since phospholipids are constituents of lung surfactants, phospholipid metabolism is investigated in experimental peritonitis in rats in our laboratory. 15 hours after inducing a peritonitis, the lung incorporates more oleic acid than that in animals of the reference group. 33 hours after inducing peritonitis, the capacity of the lung to incorporate choline and fatty acids is markedly reduced, histologically the lungs represent morphological equivalents of the so-called shock lung at this time. Therefore we conclude, that an alteration of phospholipid metabolism with a diminished and/or altered synthesis of lung surfactant plays, at least in part, an important role in the pathogenesis of respiratory distress in sepsis and peritonitis.
Subject(s)
Lung/metabolism , Peritonitis/metabolism , Phospholipids/metabolism , Animals , Male , Peritonitis/complications , Pulmonary Surfactants/biosynthesis , Rats , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/etiology , Sepsis/metabolismABSTRACT
Obstructive pulmonary vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension are facts daily encountered by pediatric cardiologists. However longterm thromboembolism, pulmonary vascular obstruction and cor pulmonale are rare conditions in children. The case report of a four years old child treated by a Pudenz ventriculo venous shunt for hydrocephalus is presented. Due to fibrin thromboembolism from the Pudenz shunting tube pulmonary vascular obliteration, pulmonary hypertension and chronic cor pulmonale developed. The autopsy findings are in agreement with the ECG, x-ray, cardiac catheterization data and the angiocardiogram.
Subject(s)
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts/adverse effects , Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology , Pulmonary Heart Disease/etiology , Child, Preschool , Electrocardiography , Humans , Hydrocephalus/surgery , Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Phonocardiography , Pulmonary Heart Disease/diagnosis , Pulmonary Heart Disease/diagnostic imaging , RadiographySubject(s)
Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic/pathology , Death, Sudden/etiology , Myocardium/ultrastructure , Adult , Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic/complications , Death, Sudden/pathology , Female , Forensic Medicine , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mitochondria, Heart/ultrastructure , Organoids/ultrastructure , Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/ultrastructureSubject(s)
Lung/physiopathology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/physiopathology , Animals , Blood Proteins/physiology , Capillary Permeability , Carbon Dioxide , Cell Membrane Permeability , Female , Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/physiology , Hemostasis , Humans , Hypoxia/physiopathology , Lung/anatomy & histology , Lung/pathology , Male , Oxygen , Phospholipids/physiology , Positive-Pressure Respiration , Pulmonary Alveoli/physiopathology , Pulmonary Alveoli/ultrastructure , Pulmonary Surfactants/physiology , Rats , Residual Volume , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/pathology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy , Respiratory Insufficiency , Swine , Vital CapacityABSTRACT
Although the pathogenesis of the so-called shock lung is different, from the clinical point of view the syndrome is uniform. Regarding the morphology microcirculation, vascular permeability and surfactant of the lung in shock lung are discussed. The course of the alterations in lung parenchyma is uniform, independent of the different pathogenesis in a single case. Pathology and disturbtion of lung function are conform. The relation of the so-called shock lung to other diseases of lung parenchyma is discussed and finally a definition of the so-called shock-lung recommended.
Subject(s)
Respiratory Distress Syndrome , Terminology as Topic , Animals , Humans , Lung/blood supply , Lung/ultrastructure , Mice , Microcirculation , Permeability , Pulmonary Alveoli , Pulmonary Fibrosis/etiology , Pulmonary SurfactantsABSTRACT
Considering the functional anatomy of the lung parenchyma the pathomorphological response pattern of the alveolus has been described. Hereby, the fibrosing alveolitis is conceived as an uniform concept of a disease, to which many different aetiological factors are associated. The ultrastructural pathology of early changes in fibrosing alveolitis has been described in the bleomycin lung as an example, which pathogenesis (as a chemically induced pulmonary damage) has a character of a model for the process of fibrosing alveolitis.
Subject(s)
Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology , Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic/pathology , Animals , Bleomycin , Humans , Mice , Microscopy, Electron , Pulmonary Alveoli/ultrastructure , Pulmonary Fibrosis/chemically induced , Pulmonary Fibrosis/etiologyABSTRACT
In arrested and with cardioplegic solutions perfused rabbit hearts the relation of perfusion-pressure and flow rate were examined, showing that edema of the myocardium can be avoided even using erythrocytes-free solutions by two measures. First the solution has to contain colloid active agents and secondly the perfusion pressure has to be significantly below the colloid-osmotic pressure. Furthermore the edema can be avoided by adding 300 mg 6-methyl prednisolone/1. If no attention is paid to these facts the coronary flow decreases constantly due to developing interstitial and interfibrillar edema and degenerative changes of endothelial cells of the capillaries, which even can undergo necrosis. These changes were not seen using steroids. On the contrary here we found by densitometry and increased number of lysosomes. These findings show the effectiveness of corticosteroids in stabilizing the cell membranes.
Subject(s)
Edema, Cardiac/prevention & control , Extracorporeal Circulation , Heart Failure/prevention & control , Animals , Aspartic Acid , Colloids , Coronary Circulation , Edema, Cardiac/pathology , Erythrocytes , Heart Arrest, Induced , Myocardium/pathology , Prednisolone , Pressure , Procaine , Rabbits , SolutionsABSTRACT
A cardiac glomus tumor, first described by Masson, was observed in a 28 year old woman who presented symptoms of cardiac dysfunction. Electron microscopic studies disclose a wide range of differentiation of glomus cells from smooth muscle cells to epitheloid cells. The common feature of both cell types include cytoplasmic microfibrils, fusiform condensations and small vesicles. The endothelial cells also show some structural similarities to these glomus cells. The histogenesis of this cardiac tumor is discussed on the basis of its ultrastructure and its uncommon localization. It is concluded that cardiac glomus tumors arise from primitive mesenchymal cells.
Subject(s)
Glomus Tumor/pathology , Heart Neoplasms/pathology , Adult , Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure , Connective Tissue/ultrastructure , Connective Tissue Cells , Cytoplasm/ultrastructure , Endothelium/ultrastructure , Female , Humans , Organoids/ultrastructure , Veins/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Partial contusion of the lung was performed on 131 albino rats. X-ray and histological findings are comparable with lung contusion in man. Three phases are remarkable. X-ray studies of the thorax do not show impressive changes in spite of histological findings of the lung. This means: X-ray picture of the posttraumatic lung is less eventful than the impressive anatomical histological findings.