ABSTRACT
A total of 3,254 pregnant women attending two antenatal clinics in Göteborg, Sweden, were screened for bacteriuria. The coverage of the pregnant population in the areas served by the two clinics was estimated to be 88%. Of the women who were registered at the two clinics, 99% took part in at least one screening; 71% were screened during each of the three intervals. The high frequency of screening of the women made it possible to estimate the risk of acquiring bacteriuria during pregnancy. This risk increased with the duration of pregnancy from 0.8% of bacteriuric women in the 12th gestational week to 1.93% at the end of pregnancy. The risk of onset of bacteriuria was highest between the ninth and 17th gestational weeks. The 16th gestational week was the optimal time for a single screening for bacteriuria calculated as the number of bacteriuria-free gestational weeks gained by treatment.
Subject(s)
Bacteriuria/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Adult , Age Factors , Bacteriuria/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Mass Screening/methods , Parity , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Sweden , Time Factors , Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The ability of 34 elderly women (79 +/- 6 years, range 71-95 years) with urinary incontinence to perform the 48-h perineal pad test in their home environment was investigated. The mean involuntary urinary loss during the 48-h observation period was 80 +/- 88 g (range (2-411 g). Thirty patients successfully compared the two perineal pad systems commercially available in Sweden (LIC and Mölnlycke). Twelve women considered the systems to be equivalent. Thirteen women preferred the Mölnlycke system while five women preferred the LIC system. There was a good correlation between the patients own weighing of the pads and control weighings at the clinic, performed on a precision weight scale (LIC: n = 15, r = 0.99; Mölnlycke: n = 15, r = 0.99). The 48-h perineal pad test performed in the patients home environment should have a given place in the investigation of urinary incontinence amongst elderly women.
Subject(s)
Tampons, Surgical , Urinary Incontinence/physiopathology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Time Factors , UrineABSTRACT
PIP: 20-30 million women use oral contraceptives. The estrogen component, either ethinyl estradiol or mestranol, inhibits the release of the ovum and affects the cervical secretions, the endometrium, the ovaries, and the Fallopian tubes. The gestagen component is derived from 19-nortestosterone or 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and the metabolism of the gestagen component is not fully known. Disposition to thrombosis, liver illness, diabetes, hypertension, amenorrhea, oligo menorrhea, or tumorous changes in the uterus or breasts should not use oral contraceptives. Menstrual disturbances and endometriosis can be controlled by the use of oral contraceptives. Urine samples, blood pressure, and weight should be monitored during oral contraceptive use.^ieng
