The impact of a significant weight loss on inflammation assessed on DCE-MRI and static MRI in knee osteoarthritis: a prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of weight loss on inflammation in individuals with overweight and knee osteoarthritis (OA) using both static- and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI and assess the association of these changes to pain. DESIGN: Individuals with overweight (BMI > 27) and knee OA were examined before and after a >5% weight loss over 8 weeks (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02905864). Using 3-T MRI, inflammation was quantified from non-contrast enhanced static-MRI according to MOAKS and contrast enhanced static MRI according to BLOKS and 11-point whole-knee synovitis score. DCE-MRI was used to assess the inflammation in the infra patellar fat pad (IPFP). Pain was assessed using KOOS. RESULTS: Complete data were available in 117 participants with a mean age of 60 years, BMI of 35 kg/m2 and KOOS pain score of 64. Mean weight loss was 12 kg and KOOS pain was improved by 13 points at follow-up. Change in inflammation was not associated with weight loss in static MRI. None of the MRI variables correlated with the change in KOOS pain. CONCLUSION: Weight loss did not induce a significant change in inflammation in individuals with overweight and OA. The significant clinical beneficial effect of weight loss on knee pain in individuals with overweight and knee OA seems uncoupled to changes in imaging markers of synovitis.

Osteoarthritis year in review 2016: imaging.

PURPOSE: The current narrative review covers original research related to imaging in osteoarthritis (OA) in humans published in English between April 1st 2015 and March 31st 2016, in peer reviewed journals available in Medline via PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/). METHODS: Relevant studies in humans, subjectively decided by the authors, contributing significantly to the OA imaging field, were selected from an extensive Medline search using the terms "Osteoarthritis" in combination with "MRI", "Imaging", "Radiography", "X-rays", "Ultrasound", "Computed tomography", "Nuclear medicine", "PET-CT", "PET-MRI", "Scintigraphy", "SPECT". Publications were sorted according to relevance for the OA imaging research community with an emphasis on high impact special interest journals using the software for systematic reviews www.covidence.org. RESULTS: An overview of newly published studies compared to studies reported previous years is presented, followed by a review of selected imaging studies of primarily knee, hip and hand OA focussing on (1) results for detection of OA and OA-related pathology (2) studies dealing with treatments and (3) studies focussing on prognosis of disease progression or joint replacement. A record high number of 1420 articles were published, among others, of new technologies and tools for improved morphological and pathophysiological understanding of OA-related changes in joints. Also, imaging data were presented of monitoring treatment effect and prognosis of OA progression, primarily using established radiographic, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) methods. CONCLUSION: Imaging continues to play an important role in OA research, where several exciting new technologies and computer aided analysis methods are emerging to complement the conventional imaging approaches.

The effects of intra-articular glucocorticoids and exercise on pain and synovitis assessed on static and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in knee osteoarthritis: exploratory outcomes from a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of the present knee osteoarthritis (KOA)-study were to: (1) describe and compare the changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-measures of synovitis following an exercise program preceded by an intra-articular injection of either corticosteroid or isotonic saline and (2) investigate if any of the changes in patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) were associated with changes in MRI-measures of synovitis. DESIGN: We performed a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the effects of intra-articular corticosteroid vs placebo injections given before exercise therapy in KOA-patients. PROMs were assessed using the KOOS (knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score). Synovitis was assessed on conventional non-contrast-enhanced, conventional contrast-enhanced (CE) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI. PROMs and MRIs were obtained prior to the intra-articular injection, after termination of the exercise program (week 14-primary time point) and week 26. RESULTS: Of 100 randomized participants (50 in each allocation group), 91 had complete MRI-data at baseline (63% female, mean age: 62 years, median Kellgren-Lawrence-grade: 3). There were no statistically significant differences between the two interventions in regards of changes in MRI-measures of synovitis at any time-point. At week 14, we found no statistical significant MRI-explanatory variables of either of the PROMs. CONCLUSIONS: The present study does not justify the use of intra-articular corticosteroids over intra-articular saline when combined with an exercise program for reduction of synovitis in KOA. The improvement in pain and function following the intervention with intra-articular corticosteroids/saline and exercise could not be explained by a decrease in synovitis on MRI indicating other pain causing/relieving mechanisms in KOA.

The association between histological, macroscopic and magnetic resonance imaging assessed synovitis in end-stage knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), macroscopic and histological assessments of synovitis in end-stage knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS: Synovitis of end-stage osteoarthritic knees was assessed using non-contrast-enhanced (CE), contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI prior to (TKR) and correlated with microscopic and macroscopic assessments of synovitis obtained intraoperatively. Multiple bivariate correlations were used with a pre-specified threshold of 0.70 for significance. Also, multiple regression analyses with different subsets of MRI-variables as explanatory variables and the histology score as outcome variable were performed with the intention to find MRI-variables that best explain the variance in histological synovitis (i.e., highest R2). A stepped approach was taken starting with basic characteristics and non-CE MRI-variables (model 1), after which CE-MRI-variables were added (model 2) with the final model also including DCE-MRI-variables (model 3). RESULTS: 39 patients (56.4% women, mean age 68 years, Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade 4) had complete MRI and histological data. Only the DCE-MRI variable MExNvoxel (surrogate of the volume and degree of synovitis) and the macroscopic score showed correlations above the pre-specified threshold for acceptance with histological inflammation. The maximum R2-value obtained in Model 1 was R2 = 0.39. In Model 2, where the CE-MRI-variables were added, the highest R2 = 0.52. In Model 3, a four-variable model consisting of the gender, one CE-MRI and two DCE-MRI-variables yielded a R2 = 0.71. CONCLUSION: DCE-MRI is correlated with histological synovitis in end-stage KOA and the combination of CE and DCE-MRI may be a useful, non-invasive tool in characterising synovitis in KOA.

Associations between muscle perfusion and symptoms in knee osteoarthritis: a cross sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between muscle perfusion in the peri-articular knee muscles assessed by dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and symptoms in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). DESIGN: In a cross-sectional setting, muscle perfusion was quantified by DCE-MRI in KOA. Regions of interest (ROI) were drawn around the peri-articular muscles, summed and averaged into one single "Total Muscle Volume" volume of interest (VOI). Symptoms were assessed via the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) (0: worst; 100: best). RESULTS: DCE-MRI and clinical data were analyzed in 94 patients. The typical participant was a woman with a mean age of 65 years, and a body mass index (BMI) of 32 kg/m(2). Reduced multiple regression models analyzing the association between KOOS and DCE-MRI perfusion variables of Total Muscle Volume showed a statistically significant association between Nvoxel% and KOOS pain (0.41 (SE 0.14); P = 0.0048). Nvoxel% was defined as the proportion of highly perfused voxels; i.e., the voxels that show an early and rapid increase on the signal intensity vs time curves, reach a plateau state (plateau pattern) and then showing a relatively rapid decline (washout pattern) relative to the total number of voxels within the muscle VOI. CONCLUSIONS: More widespread perfusion in the peri-articular knee muscles was associated with less pain in patients with KOA. These results give rise to investigations of the effects of exercise on muscle perfusion and its possible mediating role in the causal pathway between exercise and pain improvements in the conservative management of KOA.

Knee pain and inflammation in the infrapatellar fat pad estimated by conventional and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in obese patients with osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between knee pain and signs of inflammation in the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) in obese patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). DESIGN: In a cross-sectional setting, 3-T conventional contrast-enhanced (CE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI of KOA were analysed to quantify the extent of inflammation in the IPFP, and correlated (Spearman's rank correlation) to pain and other symptoms assessed via the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) (100 = no pain, 0 = extreme pain). The extent of inflammation in the IPFP was assessed according to the MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS) using CE-MRI and by DCE-MRI perfusion variables. The perfusion variable, "Inflammation", was chosen as primary perfusion variable in the analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficients for the perfusion variables ranged from 0.81 to 0.99. RESULTS: MRI and clinical data were obtained in 95 patients. The typical patient was a woman (82%) with an average age of 65 years (SD 6.5) and a body mass index (BMI) of 32 kg/m(2) (SD 3.7). The bivariate association between KOOS pain and the DCE-MRI perfusion variable "Inflammation" showed a statistically significant correlation (r = -0.42, P < 0.0001). A statistically significant correlation was also found between KOOS pain and MOAKS Hoffa-synovitis (r = -0.21, P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: Perfusion variables on DCE-MRI reflecting the severity of inflammation in the IPFP and MOAKS Hoffa-synovitis were associated with the severity of pain in KOA. These results suggest that severe inflammation in the IPFP is associated with severe pain in KOA and that DCE-MRI is a promising method to study the impact of inflammation in KOA.