ABSTRACT
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a lifelong disease typically affecting individuals in young to middle adulthood. There are recognized sex differences in MS onset and clinical course. MS affects approximately three times more women than men, thus resulting in less attention to the male experience (i.e. diagnosis, management, societal dimensions). Here, we review current scientific evidence on sex differences in MS risk and course, highlight potential sources of bias, and suggest avenues of further inquiry. We then describe what is known about male experiences with MS diagnosis, treatment, and symptom management (particularly mood and sexual function). Finally, we consider ways in which healthcare providers might engage male patients in the broader aspects of living with MS (e.g. familial and societal relationships) to influence their long-term quality of life (QOL). When possible, we draw from published sources to underscore our collective clinical and scientific experiences.
Subject(s)
Disease Management , Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis , Multiple Sclerosis/therapy , Sex Characteristics , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: An exploratory study of mental health treatment of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) to identify hypotheses for future testing. METHODS: We mailed surveys to 8750 MS patients in four geographically distributed MS Centers; 3384 completed the survey. We used a modified version of the Experience of Care and Health Outcome Survey™ to assess mental health problems and experiences with mental health treatment and the Kessler 6 scale to identify serious mental illness. RESULTS: In the year before the survey, sixty percent of patients reported mental health problems. Less than one half of these individuals received mental health treatment, either from their MS care provider or a mental health professional in the MS Center or the community. Patients generally had good mental health treatment experiences, and felt helped by their treatment, but gave less positive reports about how long it took to be seen, receiving information about treatment options and managing their condition, and phone contact. Care experiences were more positive among those who received care from mental health professionals (compared to medical care providers) and among those receiving mental health treatment in the MS Center (compared to in the community). CONCLUSIONS: The unmet need for mental health treatment for people with MS is high. Options for MS care providers to help meet this need include hiring mental health professionals to provide on-site treatment; providing mental health treatment themselves; and referring patients to mental health professionals in the community and collaborating in integrated care. This study provided preliminary data for two related hypotheses that warrant further testing: MS patients will receive better mental health care if their mental health treatment is co-located with their MS care and if it is provided by mental health professionals.
Subject(s)
Health Services Needs and Demand/statistics & numerical data , Mental Disorders/etiology , Mental Disorders/therapy , Mental Health , Multiple Sclerosis/complications , Patient Care/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Analysis of Variance , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Care/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The objective was to obtain multiple sclerosis (MS) patients' report on their experience receiving mental health care. METHODS: We convened focus groups at four MS clinical care centers to identify the aspects of mental health care that were important to people with MS. All patients (n=54) had received mental health care in the past year. Data were analyzed by coding comments under specific themes. RESULTS: Patients wanted prompt intervention after diagnosis and ongoing screening for mental health problems; they prefer providers with knowledge about MS and experience working with people with MS; they appreciated being able to access mental health services that were on-site at their MS center and noted the benefit of inclusion of family members in treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Mental health care should be provided promptly after diagnosis, with regular screening and interventions that include family members as indicated thereafter. Mental health providers should be familiar with MS, collaborate with neurologic care providers and provide services on-site at MS centers.
Subject(s)
Mental Disorders/therapy , Mental Health Services , Multiple Sclerosis/psychology , Patient Preference , Patient Satisfaction , Quality of Health Care , Clinical Competence , Female , Focus Groups , Health Services Accessibility , Health Services Needs and Demand , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/complications , Multiple Sclerosis/complications , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Self-Help Groups , United StatesABSTRACT
A family-focused psychosocial intervention for stroke survivors is described and illustrated with case studies. It is designed to improve functional recovery through four specific pathways: increased knowledge, efficacy, and control through stroke education; optimized social support; increased network cohesion; and improved problem-solving abilities. Rationales for these pathways are presented and methods of implementing them discussed.
