Subject(s)
Kidney Neoplasms/complications , Kidney Neoplasms/surgery , Nephrectomy/methods , Solitary Kidney/complications , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nephrons , Organ Sparing Treatments , Recovery of Function , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Photographs are frequently taken during urological presentations and distributed on social media; they may represent a breach of copyright and, in instances of clinical photographs, a breach of data protection and human rights laws. Presenters and delegates attending conferences should be advised of the conference's copyright policies. Acceptable use of camera phones during scientific presentations should be debated by the scientific community.
Subject(s)
Copyright , Photography , Social Media , Urology , Confidentiality , Congresses as Topic , Humans , Information Dissemination , Photography/legislation & jurisprudence , Photography/statistics & numerical data , Social Media/statistics & numerical data , Theft , Video Recording/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
The first reported application of Botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) into the urethral sphincter predates the first documented use in the bladder. The aim of this review is to describe the clinical indications of BTX-A injection into the urethral sphincter and its clinical efficacy. This review of the literature includes the larger more significant published studies that have reported on this use of BTX-A. Case reports and articles not published in English were excluded. There have been many published clinical studies describing the use of BTX-A in the urethral sphincter, four of which are randomized placebo controlled trials. These studies tend to include patients either in urinary retention or with obstructed voiding, both in the neuropathic and non-neuropathic populations. Studies tend to demonstrate improvements in urodynamic parameters and quality of life after injection. There have been many small clinical studies in this area, however larger placebo-controlled trials are needed to evaluate this treatment at higher levels of evidence.
Subject(s)
Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage , Neuromuscular Agents/administration & dosage , Urologic Diseases/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Injections, Intralesional , Male , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Treatment Outcome , Urethra , Urodynamics/physiology , Urologic Diseases/physiopathologySubject(s)
Nephrectomy , Robotics , Humans , Kidney Neoplasms/surgery , Robotic Surgical Procedures , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Ureteric colic is a common presentation to acute emergency services. The gold standard test for the diagnosis of acute ureteric colic is a non-contrast computer tomography of the kidneys ureters and bladder (CT KUB). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should be used as first-line analgesia, with studies showing that there is no role for steroid or phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. There is emerging evidence that a high body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor. The drugs used to facilitate stone passage are known as medical expulsive therapy (MET). The most evaluated being alpha-blockers. The Spontaneous Urinary Stone Passage Enabled by Drugs (SUSPEND) trial was designed to evaluate the use of MET (tamsulosin and nifedipine). This trial showed that there was no difference with MET and placebo for the spontaneous passage of ureteric stones. There is an emerging role for the use of primary ureteroscopy in the management of non-infective ureteric stones.
